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1、Connected Women The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2020 Copyright 2020 GSM Association The GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, uniting more than 750 operators with almost 400 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset and device makers, software companies, equipm
2、ent providers and internet companies, as well as organisations in adjacent industry sectors. The GSMA also produces the industry-leading MWC events held annually in Barcelona, Los Angeles and Shanghai, as well as the Mobile 360 Series of regional conferences. For more information, please visit the G
3、SMA corporate website at Follow the GSMA on Twitter: GSMA GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, and publisher of authoritative industry reports and research. Our data covers every operator group, network and MVNO in every country worldwide
4、 from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the most accurate and complete set of industry metrics available, comprising tens of millions of individual data points, updated daily. GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators, vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-party industry playe
5、rs, to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning. The data is used as an industry reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by the industry itself. Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought- leading research reports across a range of industry t
6、opics. GSMA Intelligence The GSMA Connected Women programme works with mobile operators and their partners to address the barriers to women accessing and using mobile internet and mobile money services. Connected Women aims to reduce the gender gap in mobile internet and mobile money services and un
7、lock significant commercial opportunities for the mobile industry and socio-economic benefits for women. For more information, please visit connectedwomen For more content related to The Mobile Gender Gap Report series, please visit GSMA Connected Women Published March 2020 At Ipsos we are passionat
8、ely curious about people, markets, brands and society. We deliver information and analysis that makes our complex world easier and faster to navigate and inspires our clients to make smarter decisions. With a strong presence in 88 countries, Ipsos employs more than 16,000 people and has the ability
9、to conduct research programmes in more than 100 countries. Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is controlled and managed by research professionals. On this study, Ipsos worked with the GSMA as a fieldwork partner and as such, is not responsible for the analysis or conclusions outlined in this report. L
10、ead author: Oliver Rowntree Supporting author: Matthew Shanahan Contributors: Kalvin Bahia, Caroline Butler, Dominica Lindsey, Claire Sibthorpe Fieldwork partner: Ipsos This material has been funded by UK aid from the UK government; however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK gover
11、nments official policies. This document has been financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida does not necessarily share the views expressed in this material. Responsibility for its contents rests entirely with the author. GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GA
12、P REPORT 2020 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Key findings 3 The mobile gender gap in 2020 8 The journey to mobile internet use 12 The persistent gender gap in mobile ownership 14 Smartphone ownership: sizing the gender gap 20 Growing awareness of mobile internet 28 Mobile internet use by women 30 Understan
13、ding womens mobile use 35 Recommendations 39 Appendix 1: Barriers to mobile ownership and mobile internet use 43 Appendix 2: Methodology 52 2 GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 1. GSMA Intelligence, Q4 2019 2. ITU (2019), www.
14、itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx 3. GSMA (2019), The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019 In 2020, connectivity is more important than ever. Internet access is a gateway to critical information, services and opportunities available to many people for the first time. Growth in internet ac
15、cess has been remarkable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 2.9 billion people now access the internet on their mobile phones.1 Across developing countries, mobile is the primary way most people access the internet, with mobile broadband connections comprising 87 per cent of total br
16、oadband connections.2 Despite its importance, mobile access and use remain unequal. Across LMICs, women are still eight per cent less likely than men to own a mobile phone, and 20 per cent less likely to use the internet on a mobile. This means that in these markets 300 million fewer women than men
17、use mobile internet. A key barrier is smartphone ownership, which is also 20 per cent lower for women than for men. However, there is promising evidence that the widest gender gaps are beginning to close. In South Asia, the mobile internet gender gap has narrowed from 67 per cent in 2017 to 51 per c
18、ent in 2019, bringing another 78 million women online. Much work remains, but this suggests mobile gender gaps can be reduced and the benefits of connectivity distributed more equally. It is critical that the mobile gender gap is understood and overcome, as mobile ownership and use provides life-cha
19、nging benefits to women, their families, communities and the economy. This research has found that mobile ownership makes the majority of men and women feel safer, provides access to important information for the first time and supports them in work and study. Earlier GSMA research found that, over
20、five years, closing the gender gap in mobile internet use in LMICs could deliver an additional USD 700 billion in GDP growth, while closing the gender gap in mobile ownership and use in LMICs could deliver $140 billion in additional revenue to the mobile industry.3 This third edition of The Mobile G
21、ender Gap Report will consider how womens mobile access and use are changing, and how efforts to reach women with technology should evolve alongside. This report provides: Updated figures on gender gaps in mobile ownership and mobile internet use in LMICs and how these are changing; For the first ti
22、me, figures for the smartphone gender gap across LMICs, and how this is limiting womens internet access and use; A review of the barriers to mobile ownership and mobile internet use and how these have changed; and Evidence of the impact of mobile access and use on womens and mens lives. The findings
23、 of this report are sourced from the annual GSMA Intelligence Consumer Survey, which in 2019 had over 16,000 respondents from 15 LMICs. Analysis of other research and data from the GSMA, and a range of other organisations that investigate and track the mobile gender gap, also inform the findings of
24、this report. Introduction The evolution of the mobile gender gap 3 GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 Key findings 1. 54 per cent of women in low- and middle-income countries now use mobile internet and the gender gap is narro
25、wing. Women are 20 per cent less likely to use mobile internet than men, down from 27 per cent in 2017. This reduction was driven primarily by an improvement in South Asia where the gap narrowed by 16 percentage points. 2. Despite this progress, the gender gap in mobile internet use in low- and midd
26、le-income countries remains substantial, with over 300 million fewer women than men accessing the internet on a mobile. The gender gap is still widest in South Asia at 51 per cent, and remains fairly consistent in other regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, which has the second largest gender gap at 3
27、7 per cent. 3. The underlying gender gap in mobile ownership remains largely unchanged, with the remaining unconnected proving difficult to reach. Women across low- and middle-income countries are eight per cent less likely than men to own a mobile phone, which translates into 165 million fewer wome
28、n than men owning a mobile. 4. The relative importance of the factors preventing access to mobile internet are changing rapidly across low- and middle-income countries. For both men and women, awareness of mobile internet is growing quickly, although it remains unequal, and women and men are increas
29、ingly seeing the internet as relevant to their lives. 5. Handset affordability remains the primary barrier to mobile phone ownership for men and women. Among mobile users who are aware of mobile internet, a lack of literacy and digital skills continues to be the main barrier to use,4 followed by aff
30、ordability. Safety concerns are also a key barrier to mobile internet access, particularly in Latin America. Although relevance has declined in importance as a barrier, it remains a critical factor in several countries. 6. Smartphones drive substantially higher mobile internet use, but there is a si
31、gnificant gender gap in smartphone ownership, with women in low- and middle-income countries 20 per cent less likely than men to own one. Women are much less likely than men to purchase their own smartphone, and have less autonomy and agency in smartphone acquisition. However, many women express a s
32、trong intention to acquire a smartphone. 7. Among mobile owners, women on average use a smaller range of services in all 15 countries surveyed a gap that remains even among smartphone owners. Bringing womens mobile use in line with mens represents an important commercial opportunity for the mobile i
33、ndustry to drive ARPU5 growth and extend more of the benefits of mobile ownership to women. 8. Consumption of video content on mobile is growing remarkably quickly for both men and women, increasing by over 50 percent in two years in half of surveyed countries.6 This reflects the growing popularity
34、of applications that facilitate sharing of user-generated video content in low- and middle-income countries, such as YouTube and TikTok. 9. Both men and women across surveyed markets report that mobile provides important benefits. In all 15 markets surveyed, the majority of male and female mobile ow
35、ners state that mobile ownership makes them feel safer and provides access to important information that not only assists them in their daily lives, but that they would not have received otherwise. Benefits are considerably greater for those who use mobile internet, reinforcing the importance of equ
36、alising internet access. 4. Refers to the top barriers to mobile internet for respondents who had used a mobile phone in the last three months and were aware of mobile internet, but had not used it. 5. Average revenue per user 6. Based on results from 12 countries surveyed for the 2018, 2019 and 202
37、0 Mobile Gender Gap Reports. 45 GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES:IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: 165 million of women now use mobile internet. But the gender gap remains substantial.
38、fewer women than men access mobile internet fewer women than men own a mobile than men to own a mobile 8% Women are less likely Awareness of mobile internet is growing quickly although it remains unequal300M 54% The mobile internet gender gap is closing. Women are now than men to use mobile internet
39、, down from 27% 20% less likely in 2017 Mobile ownership Key barriers for women Mobile internet use Key barriers for women who are aware of mobile internet than men to own a smartphone Women are 20% less likely and in many countries have less autonomy and agency in smartphone acquisition and helps t
40、hem in their day-to-day lives owning a mobile makes them feel safer 50% Consumption of video content on mobile has increased by over of mobile services Among mobile owners, women use a smaller range in 2 years in half of surveyed countries Across surveyed countries, the majority of male and female o
41、wners report that Addressing the mobile gender gap is an important way to contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals 1. Affordability1. Literacy and skills 4. Family does not approve 4. Relevance 3. Safety and security3. Safety and security 2. Literacy and skills2. Affordability 51% South As
42、ia has the widest mobile internet gender gap at but has also seen the largest reduction, down by 16% since 2017 BARRIER IMPORTANCE INCREASED SINCE 2018 | BARRIER IMPORTANCE DECREASED SINCE 2018 for both men and women, 6 GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 7 GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN TH
43、E MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 DEFINITIONS FOR THIS REPORT Gender gap in ownership / use (%) Male owners / users (% of male population) Female owners / users (% of female population) = Male owners / users (% of male population) GENDER GAP The gender gap in mobile phone ownership and mobile internet
44、 use is calculated using the following formula: A “mobile internet user” is a person who has used the internet on a mobile phone at least once in the last three months.7 Mobile internet users do not have to personally own a mobile phone, and therefore can be non-mobile phone owners who use mobile in
45、ternet by accessing it on someone elses mobile phone. MOBILE INTERNET USER “Unconnected” or “unconnected population” refers to people who are not mobile owners, as defined above. UNCONNECTED 7. Respondents were asked the question: “Have you ever used the internet on a mobile phone? Please think abou
46、t all the different ways of using the internet on a mobile phone. Just to confirm, people are using the internet on their mobile phones when they do any of the following: visit internet websites (e.g. Google or Amazon), visit social networking websites (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Weibo), send
47、emails or instant messages (e.g. WhatsApp, Snapchat, WeChat, LINE) or download apps.” Mobile internet users are those who answered, “Yes, I have used the internet on a mobile phone in the last three months.” “Mobile phone owner” and “mobile owner” are used interchangeably in this report to mean a pe
48、rson who has sole or main use of a SIM card or a mobile phone that does not require a SIM, and uses it at least once a month. The vast majority of SIM owners also have sole or main use of a handset (an average of 95 per cent across the sample countries). MOBILE OWNER A mobile owner that has sole or
49、primary use of a smartphone. A smartphone is a mobile phone with a touchscreen display, an advanced operating system (Android or iOS) and the ability to download apps from an online app store, such as Google Play or the App Store. SMARTPHONE OWNER GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN THE MOBILE GENDER GAP REPORT 2020 8 This report marks the third edition of the GSMAs annual Mobile Gender Gap report series, and also builds on the findings of previous reports published on the subject in