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1、SDG STOCKTAKE THROUGH THE EYES OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR Unless we act now,the 2030 Agenda will become an epitaph for a world that might have been.”Antnio GuterresUnited Nations Secretary-GeneralUnited Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 3United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG
2、Stocktake 5An appraisal of private sector contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the first half(2015-2022),and a clear path forward for the second half(2023-2030).In partnership with the International Organization of Employers,International Chamber of Commerce,and World Business
3、Council for Sustainable Development.SDG Business Report:Overview of the Private Sectors Contributions to the SDGs(2015-2022)13Overview 14Individual Analysis of all 17 SDGs 29Charting the Path to 2030:Blueprint for Private Sector Action on the SDGs(2023-2030)99Overview 100Pathways for Change 101Polic
4、ymaker Asks 143Appendix 147References 172Acknowledgments 184CONTENTS4Sanda OjiamboAssistant Secretary General,Executive Director and CEOUnited Nations Global CompactAt the halfway point to 2030,the world is not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)agreed in 2015.We are at a cri
5、tical moment,and the world must change course to put sustainable development back on track.The United Nations Global Compact-Accenture Global Private Sector Stocktake report finds that while the private sector remains confident in the SDGs as a vision for the future,it is losing confidence in our ab
6、ility to achieve the SDGs in the remaining time.Despite strong,positive contributions to economic growth and job creation by the private sector,these impacts are countered by powerful detriments to climate,nature,water and waste-exacerbating net negative impacts on global health,poverty and hunger.R
7、escuing and accelerating progress on the SDGs will require us to simultaneously expand the benefits of capitalism to more people,transform its basis to be more sustainable and scale up new incentive systems that shift our focus to the long-term balancing of risk,return and SDG impact.The UN Secretar
8、y-General has made a strong call for accelerated,accountable and credible business action in line with the SDGs.In this report,we propose 10 pathways for businesses to take action on the 17 SDGs,recognizing the importance of the private sector focusing its actions where it can have an outsized impac
9、t.This shift for our future is only possible if all stakeholders from the private,public and non-profit sectors work together more closely with a clear plan in mind.Business leaders are calling on stakeholders from the public sector and throughout supply chains to step up ambition and enable change
10、through policy and partnerships.In compiling this report,we are grateful to many colleagues at the UN Global Compact,especially Sue Allchurch,Sean Cruse and Bo Yang.We also recognize the leadership of our Accenture collaborators,in particular Michael Hughes,Emilia Hull,Evin Hipple,Noah Spector and D
11、aniel Shropshall,for their insights and contributions.Furthermore,this report is a testament to our partnership with the International Organization of Employers,International Chamber of Commerce,World Business Council for Sustainable Development and UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.The s
12、trength of our global partnership will be a critical determinant of future success.Finally,on behalf of the UN Global Compact,we would like to express our profound gratitude to the business leaders and other stakeholders who participated in forming the findings of this report.We are moving ever clos
13、er to 2030,and the stakes are high.It is time for the private sector to take bold,ambitious actions to move us forward faster.FOREWORD:UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL COMPACTUnited Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 76United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 9FOREWORD:ACCENT
14、UREThe private sector is a critical stakeholder in achieving the SDGs and,at the half-way point to delivering them,business leaders want to rise to the occasion.Businesses contribute to all 17 SDGs and their actions will be key to meeting or missing-the goals by 2030.However,most private sector cont
15、ributions today are not properly measured,and as result the business community struggles to understand,report,and manage their impact on the SDGs.But this is changing.Just five years ago,using multiple large data sets to answer the key question of the private sectors impact on the SDGs would have be
16、en impossible.Today,with advances in technology and data analytics,we are able to explore new ways of measuring the SDG impact of thousands of individual companies in consistent ways,and explore this relationship with ESG reporting.This unlocks exciting possibilities.This report is a good example of
17、 what can be achieved,on how these new tools can be used to get a better understanding about the strongest contributions and also negative impacts companies are driving.It is also a tool to articulate plans like the 10 key pathways developed in the report to accelerate the ambitious action needed of
18、 the private sector.We would like to thank the three data providers ESG Book,Impaakt,and Util for their efforts in pioneering impact measurement,providing access to their data,and supporting our analysis.Were thrilled to have continued our long-standing partnership with the UN Global Compact,and tha
19、nk their teams for collaborating so well.In a world where partnerships are key to creating outsized impact,we are excited to continue to be able to work closely with the UN Global Compact to help accelerate change in the private sector.This analysis is a taste of what digital innovation is now makin
20、g possible the integration of risk,return,and SDG impact.At Accenture,our purpose is to deliver on the promise of technology and human ingenuity.If the world can realize this promise,it is possible to attain the sustainable future the SDGs represent.Stephanie JamisonSustainability Services Lead Anas
21、tasia MarceauGlobal Lead Inclusive Business 8United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 11Based on a combination of innovative data sources,this report measures the global private sectors impact on the SDGs for the first time.Strong positive contributions to economic growth and job c
22、reation are countered by powerful detriments to climate,nature,water,and waste exacerbating net negative impacts on global health,poverty,and hunger.At the midpoint between 2015 and 2030,85%of all SDG indicators are off track and none of the SDGs are on track for achievement by 2030,according to the
23、 2023 Sustainable Development Report.The United Nations Global Compact-Accenture Private Sector SDG Stocktake report examines the impact of the private sector on the SDGs thus far,and how they can accelerate action moving forward.The first part of the report provides a detailed look into the private
24、 sectors contribution across all 17 SDGs.By combining new measures of SDG impact analysis with ESG reporting,earnings call transcript analysis,economic impact assessments,and a survey of over 2,800 business leaders,this report produces a comprehensive look into how the private sector has contributed
25、 to the SDGs so far.The second half of the report outlines a blueprint for action looking ahead to 2030.Building on the United Nations Global Compact Forward Faster priorities,the report presents a practical framework for business leaders to create an outsized impact.The report concludes by explorin
26、g business attitudes to a collection of important public policy interventions that could accelerate SDG action.Analyzing SDG impact data uncovers that the private sectors greatest contribution to the SDGs has been through creating employment opportunities and advancing economic growth.However,this g
27、rowth has come at a cost,namely to the environment.Negative environmental factors are also further driving social disruption in poverty,hunger,health care,and global peace.This report finds that business leaders attention on the SDGs has fallen in recent years.Furthermore,confidence in the viability
28、 of achieving the SDGs is waning.While nearly all(94%)business leaders believe in the vision of the SDGs,only half(49%)of them believe that the world will achieve the SDGs by 2030.The private sector needs to step up.While the majority(81%)of business leaders believe their businesses are doing enough
29、 to contribute to the SDGs,fewer(62%)feel that their industry is doing enough,and only half(48%)state that the private sector is doing enough.Furthermore,almost half(44%)of business leaders look to governments as the key stakeholder they would like to engage more when it comes to SDG action.Accelera
30、ting progress on the SDGs will require the private sector to simultaneously expand the benefits of markets to more people,transform economies to be more sustainable and scale up new incentive models that shift our focus to the long-term balancing of risk,return and SDG impact.To chart the path to 20
31、30,we recommend 10 key pathways forward:1.Recommit to the basics 2.Provide a living wage 3.Promote gender equality 4.Innovate responsibly 5.Accelerate climate action 6.Improve water resilience7.Protect and restore nature 8.Invest in circularity 9.Commit to sustainable corporate finance 10.Strengthen
32、 sustainability leadership Disclaimers:(1)we recognize many actions can be taken to advance the SDGs.We focus on cross-industry actions only.(2)this report is biased towards businesses based in the Global North based on survey respondents and data availability.Our analysis is intended to be relevant
33、 to businesses of all sizes across all countries,and we recognize that the Global South is especially vital to achieving the SDGs.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEXECUTIVE SUMMARY10SDG BUSINESS REPORT:OVERVIEW OF THE PRIVATE SECTORS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SDGS(2015-2022)United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector S
34、DG Stocktake 13AT THE MIDPOINT TO 2030,THE SDGs ARE IN PERILAt the current rate of change,85%of SDG targets are off track and none of the SDGs are on track to achieve by 2030,according to the 2023 Sustainable Development Report.1Global shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic,the war in Ukraine,high lev
35、els of inflation,and extreme weather events have dramatically slowed or reversed progress on the SDGs.Millions of people have been pushed into extreme poverty and hunger,experienced disruptions to education and lost access to routine health services.These setbacks,along with historic underspending a
36、nd condensed timescales have now widened the SDG financing gap to$1115 trillion per year,or four times greater than current spending levels according to the latest estimates by the Force for Good Initiative.2 Assessing the private sectors contribution to achieving the SDGs since 2015 requires a comp
37、rehensive research approach.First,it is important to define the role that the private sector plays in achieving the SDGs to understand how businesses contribute to the SDGs.Second,and once roles are defined,it is critical to identify the areas where businesses have focused and the barriers that they
38、 face in creating a positive impact on individual SDGs.BUSINESS PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN PROGRESSING THE SDGSThe private sector is a critical contributor to SDG progress.This report is dedicated to assessing the private sectors contributions thus far,and how action can be accelerated moving forward.Every
39、 business contributes both positively and negatively to the SDGs.While not every business plays each role outlined below,the private sector in totality across industries,countries,and business sizes contributes to the SDGs via these roles.Businesses also recognize their role and responsibility when
40、it comes to the SDGs.When determining how they can best contribute positively in the remaining time,they look to double down on their key strengths.In a global survey of over 2,800 business leaders,respondents stated that their greatest contributions to the SDGs can be through:(1)powering innovation
41、(25%),(2)creating decent jobs(21%),(3)improving environmental stewardship(13%),and(4)influencing global supply chains(12%).*KEY ROLES BUSINESS PLAY IN CONTRIBUTING TO THE SDGSROLEILLUSTRATIVE STATISTICSInnovator$16 trillion will be added to global GDP by 2030 due to artificial intelligence(AI)adopti
42、on 3Employer90%+of all jobs in LMICs are created in the private sector 4Engine of GrowthOver 60%of$106 trillion global GDP is driven by private sector activity 5Environmental Steward40%of GHG emissions 6 come from listed companies and 70%of water 7 is used by farmsInvestorUnder 1%of liquid assets ar
43、e in sustainable investments:we need a 50X increase by 2030 8Producer of Goods&ServicesOver 80%of production in LMICs is private sector driven 9Policy Influencer$4 billion is spent on lobbying annually in USA alone;up from$3.2 billion in 2015 10Skill-Builder70%+of businesses globally started spendin
44、g more on skilling since the pandemic 11Supply Chain Influencer80-90%+of environmental impacts are not in direct operations but in supply chains 12Tax-Payer$10 trillion is paid every year in payroll-,value added-,property-and corporate taxes 13*Survey Question:Between now and 2030,how can your compa
45、ny make its greatest contribution to the SDGs?Rank 1-3.Percentages reflect the number of responses that selected each as#115%85%Status of169 SDGTargets(2023)85%of the 169 SDG targets are showing either limited or no progress or a reversal in progressUnited Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG S
46、tocktake 1514Despite high confidence in their own contributions to the SDGs,business leaders are less confident in their peers contributions.This could potentially showcase a shift the blame mentality.Furthermore,optimism in actions sharply contrast with reality,where 85%of the 169 SDG targets are o
47、ff track.Leaders could therefore be showing an optimism bias.Overall,while individual actions are needed to achieve the SDGs,there needs to be greater collaboration and engagement across the ecosystem.BUSINESS LEADERS CONFIDENCE IN POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION ACROSS THE PRIVATE SECTORThe Private SectorMy
48、IndustryMy Company48%62%81%THE PRIVATE SECTOR BELIEVES IN THE VISION OF THE SDGs,BUT CONFIDENCE IN ACHIEVING THEM IS WANINGBusiness leaders believe in the world view imagined by the SDGs.Yet despite growing focus and incremental progress,business leaders are not confident in the global populations a
49、bility to follow through and achieve the SDGs by 2030.BUSINESS BELIEVES IN THE VISION OF THE SDGs94%96%of business leadersbelieve that the SDGs represent a unifyingglobal vision of business leaders believe that the private sector plays a crucial role in achieving the SDGs 49%of business leaders beli
50、eve the world will achieve the SDGs by 2030 BUT CONFIDENCE IS LOW BUSINESS LEADERS LOOK TO PEERS TO STEP UPLEADING ORGANIZATIONS SIGNAL THEY ARE ALREADY TAKING ACTION95%understand how their business impacts the SDGs91%have a public commitment toward one or more of the SDGs79%have identified a busine
51、ss case for advancing at least one SDG78%have changed their product or service offerings to align with at least one SDG*Survey Question:How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements on the SDGs?(_ is doing enough to contribute to the SDGs)*Survey Question:How much do you agree or d
52、isagree with the following statements on the SDGs?United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 1716However,there are underlying structural problems that are preventing companies from prioritizing the SDGs.Namely a lack of(1)incentives,as payback periods are long and supportive policies
53、 are insufficient,and(2)ability to use data to drive key decisions and influence supply chains into taking action.MENTIONS OF SDG ON EARNINGS CALLS,2015-2022Source:CB InsightsMENTIONS OF TECHNOLOGIES&SDGS DURING EARNINGS CALLS,2015-2022Source:CB InsightsBUSINESSES FACE CYCLICAL AND STRUCTURAL BARRIE
54、RS THAT IMPACT THEIR ABILITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE SDGs SDGS ARE ON THE RISE,BUT STILL NOT A PRIORITY FOR LEADERS,AND FURTHER THREATENED BY RECENT CRISESCYCLICAL BARRIERSSTRUCTURAL BARRIERS INVESTOR ATTENTION ON THE SDGs ROSE BETWEEN 2015 AND 2021,BUT HAS SINCE SHIFTED DUE TO COVID-19 AND THE WAR IN
55、UKRAINEIncreasing focus on the SDGs in business leaders discussions with investors is reflected in earnings call transcripts.Between 2015 and 2021,the number of mentions of the SDGs increased sevenfold.Yet focus has fallen by more than one third,as a combination of global challenges including the pa
56、ndemic,the war in Ukraine and rising inflation have distracted business leaders scarce attention from the SDGs at precisely the time when greater focus is urgently needed.PRIORITIZATION OF THE SDGs IS NOT ON PAR WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESDespite growing focus on the SDGs,they are still not a priorit
57、y for many business leaders.When compared to the latest slate of emerging technologies,the SDGs register significantly less interest in earnings calls.More specifically,digital transformation has received almost 18 times more attention and blockchain has received nearly four times more attention tha
58、n the SDGs in investor conversations.If the private sector is to make any contribution to the SDGs,business leaders must meaningfully prioritize the SDGs in strategic conversations.*Source:UNGC Private Sector Stocktake Survey(n=2,859)Survey Question:How much of an impact does each of the following h
59、ave on your companys ability to contribute to the SDGs?20002000300035004000Digital TransformationArtificial IntelligenceBlockchainMetaverseSDGTotal SDG Mentions on Earnings Calls2064452002020212022The rise of concurrent cri
60、ses is affecting the economy worldwide.As inflation and interest rates rise,leaders face competing priorities that are drawing attention away from the SDGs.InflationInterestRatesCompetingPrioritiesGeopoliticalInstabilities89%78%79%71%Long paybackperiodsLack of policyincentivesLack ofSDG impactmeasur
61、ement&data87%85%82%80%Inability toinfluencesupply chain18United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 19United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 21BUSINESSES STRUGGLE WITH THE SDGsDespite the rise of sustainability,business leaders have struggled to measure and unders
62、tand their businesses impact on the SDGs.Private sector focus on sustainable development is predominantly centered on ESG regulation.This is reflected in earnings calls,during which the term ESG is mentioned 46 times more than SDG.Business leaders need the tools and education to understand how their
63、 businesses impact the SDGs.THE RISE OF SDG-WASHINGWith no clear business metrics tied to the SDGs or standardized reporting on SDG impact,there has been a rise in SDG washing.Misallocation of impact could be due to a deeper misunderstanding on the part of the business community of how actions relat
64、e to the SDGs,as well as the inability to properly track and measure impact data.However,it could also be the product of the current system.Incentives in the private sector are often oriented on short-term profitability and do not encourage long-term impact.The tendency to over-value short-term prof
65、its over long-term impact is a structural and psychological barrier to meaningful contributions to the SDGs.This can lead to businesses over-stating the importance of relatively small positive impacts,while ignoring their lack of measurement and significant investment to tackle larger negative impac
66、ts.WIDER UNDERSTANDING AND MEASUREMENT OF SDG IMPACT WILL UNLOCK FUTURE PROGRESSTo ensure clear measurement and reporting,it is imperative that leaders begin to complement ESG metrics,which focus on reducing sustainability risks to business,with SDG impact metrics,focused on optimizing positive cont
67、ributions.Bridging the gap between ESG and SDG will enable for rapid adoption and better impact measurement and reporting.Leveraging the progress in ESG metrics will allow for more accurate estimation of SDG progress and provide businesses with clear,measurable goals which can ultimately be integrat
68、ed into accounting and taxation systems.Many organizations are now working on not only ESG measurement,but also the tie-in to the SDGs.This has lead to a rise of a new industry around sustainability measurement,with multiple innovative new players.This report is just a preview of what is becoming po
69、ssible,transitioning to a risk,return and SDG impact mindset across the global private sector.20NEW APPROACHES TO SDG IMPACT MEASUREMENT ARE EMERGING,ENABLING DATA-DRIVEN INSIGHTS ON PRIVATE SECTOR SDG CONTRIBUTIONSIn this report,we combine three data sources to derive insights and form a composite
70、picture of SDG impacts,recent trends and how this links to ESG metrics.WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT?WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVENUE?HOW MANY RELEVANT ITEMS ARE REFLECTED IN ESG METRICS?822511538Key InsightsInvestments in upskilling employees are driving a
71、positive impact in education.The private sector is advancing clean energy and infrastructure.The private sector is driving job creation,yet the quality is sometimes declining,leading to mixed impact.All sectors contribute to work and growth.Education impacts are mostly driven by ICT(EdTech)&Financia
72、ls(student loans).Four key sectors Extractives,Infrastructure,Manufacturing,and Transport are driving positive impacts on infrastructure and clean energy,yet air pollution is negatively affecting cities.Progress on wages,employee safety and human rights are significant focus areas in ESG reporting(w
73、ith 51 metrics).There is limited focus on education and skilling(with only 8 metrics),despite the criticality of these topics to long term business sustainability.THE PRIVATE SECTORS BIGGEST POSITIVE IMPACTS ARE POWERING GROWTH THROUGH CREATING JOBS,BUILDING SKILLS,INNOVATING,AND INVESTING IN INFRAS
74、TRUCTUREProviderDescriptionCrowdsourced ratings of SDG impact based on sustainability and business themes.AI-powered scan of peer-reviewed journals to quantify the impact of revenue on the SDGs.Mapping of ESG metrics to the SDGs to uncover how well ESG reporting covers SDG impact.Approach1.2 million
75、Assessments done by a community of over 50,000 contributors that score companies on the value and scale of their impact across 40+topics.Aggregate scores in the report are the weighted average of each analysis for that company or that topic,weighted by the scale of each analysis.14120 millionAcademi
76、c articles are scanned to identify the impact of products and services on each of the SDGs.Impacts are attributed to revenue to quantify impact in easily understood terms.15200+ESG metrics are mapped to the SDGs to identify how well ESG reporting is aligned to the SDGs and where reporting is lacking
77、.16ExampleWhat is the balance of positive and negative impact?What is the balance of positive and negative revenue?How many relevant items are reflected in ESG metrics?6Key InsightsBased on human experts scoring themes,which consider impacts of employment,products,processes,philanthropy and tax on S
78、DG 1,the net impact of the private sector is very positive.Based on algorithms scoring product impacts and weighting this by where revenue is generated and where SDG 1 needs are greatest,net revenue alignment is somewhat negative.Based on Accenture analysis to map a standard set of 200+ESG metrics t
79、o the 17 SDGs,only six relate to SDG 1(i.e.it gets little focus relative to other SDGs).KEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeDisclaimer:any use of these providers does not suggest endorsement nor involvement of the UN Global Compact in their methodology to score a
80、nd/or assess companies on their implementation of the Ten Principles and contribution to the SDGs.22United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 23WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT?WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVENUE?HOW MANY RELEVANT ITEMS ARE REFLEC
81、TED IN ESG METRICS?2274372835Key InsightsFor all five SDGs many positive impacts(e.g.products that cut water use or GHG emission reductions)are being offset by the scale of damage being caused.Almost all revenue,which represents products and services,is negatively aligned due to the lack of pricing
82、of externalities,leading to negative SDG impacts.All these SDGs are fairly well represented in ESG measurement,showcasing the progress in environmental sustainability reporting.Responsible consumption and production in particular stand out as a key SDG for the private sector.WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF P
83、OSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT?WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVENUE?HOW MANY RELEVANT ITEMS ARE REFLECTED IN ESG METRICS?643669Key InsightsVery positive impacts on poverty via job creation in low-and middle-income countries.Positive impacts on hunger due to agriculture.Mixed impacts on
84、health between vaccines and R&D,and heat stress and air pollution.Somewhat negative impacts on peace and justice from lobbying,corruption,and bribery.Negative impacts on poverty,hunger and health are driven by climate change and effects such as air pollution and crop failures.Poverty gets relatively
85、 little focus as private sector action is limited.Peace and justice gets a very high focus,as this goal covers key governance topics including tax,bribery,corruption and human rights.GROWTH HAS BEEN ACHIEVED AT UNSUSTAINABLE COSTS THE PRIVATE SECTORS MOST NEGATIVE IMPACTS ARE EVIDENT ACROSS CLIMATE,
86、WASTE,WATER AND NATUREENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IS DERAILING PROGRESS ON SOCIAL GOALS AND THE PRIVATE SECTORS IMPACTS ON POVERTY,HUNGER,HEALTH CARE AND PEACE ARE MIXEDNote:see Appendix for details on methodology and scoring thresholdsKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very Negati
87、veKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very Negative24United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 25WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT?WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVENUE?HOW MANY RELEVANT ITEMS ARE REFLECTED IN ESG METRICS?1336
88、Key InsightsDespite progress in gender,overall impact remains negative due to few women in management,limited access to flexible and remote work,and large and persistent gender pay gaps.Mixed impacts on inequality are due to persistent bias and harassment in work.Products are being designed more inc
89、lusively and with better accessibility standards.Health and Consumer Goods drive positive impacts on Gender by producing female hygiene and reproductive health products.ICT and Financial Services drive positive impacts on Gender and Inequality due to remote work,e-commerce,financial inclusion,micro-
90、finance,micro-insurance.Gender and Inequality gets moderate focus in ESG reporting with 13 and 36 metrics respectively.This is helping to improve the monitoring of critical challenges such as gender pay gaps,the portion of staff on minimum wages,the portion of female staff and portion of women in ma
91、nagement etc.across the private sector.PARTNERSHIPS ARE A BRIGHT SPOT THE POSITIVE IMPACTS ACHIEVED IN THE FIRST HALF CAN BE BUILT UPON AND ACCELERATE PROGRESS IN THE SECONDTHE BENEFITS OF GROWTH HAVE NOT BEEN SHARED EQUALLY PRIVATE SECTOR IMPACT ON GENDER EQUALITY AND INEQUALITY HAS BEEN MIXEDWHAT
92、IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT?WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVENUE?HOW MANY RELEVANT ITEMS ARE REFLECTED IN ESG METRICS?31Key InsightsPartnerships are driving positive impacts overall,stemming from increasing cross-industry collaboration as well as multi-stakeholder
93、coalitions.Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)spending also drives positive impact.Financial sector drives positive impact via foreign direct investment,remittances,sustainability finance and responsible investing movements.ICT and Infrastructure sectors drive positive impacts due to expanding mobi
94、le network and internet coverage.Consumer Goods drives positive impact with supply chain and labeling initiatives.Partnerships are relatively well represented within ESG reporting encouraging the private sector to improve their sustainability engagement with local communities,governments and supplie
95、rs(e.g.on climate and diversity targets).82%agreed that their industry is collaborating for positive progress on the SDGs80%said that their company is actively involved in cross-sector partnerships for positive progress on the SDGs79%stated that their company is actively involved in multi-sectoral p
96、artnerships for positive progress on the SDGsKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very Negative26United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 27United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector S
97、DG Stocktake 29INDIVIDUAL SDG ANALYSISWe will deep dive into each individual SDG to better understand the private sectors impact.Each analysis will include:The global outlook of the SDG The private sectors key contributions A deeper analysis of the impact and revenue alignment THE PRIVATE SECTOR HAS
98、 POWERED ECONOMIC GROWTH AND JOB CREATION AT THE EXPENSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PROTECTIONSDGIMPACTREVENUEESG METRICSECONOMIC GROWTH04:Quality Education807:Affordable and Clean Energy2208:Decent Work and Economic Growth5109:Industry,Innovation and Infrastructure1511:Sustainable Cities and Commu
99、nities38ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP06:Clean Water and Sanitation2212:Responsible Consumption and Production7413:Climate Action3714:Life Below Water2815:Life on Land35HUMAN WELLBEING01:No Poverty602:Zero Hunger403:Good Health and Well-Being3616:Peace,Justice and Strong Institutions69INEQUALITY05:Gender
100、 Equality1310:Reduced Inequalities36PARTNERSHIPS17:Partnership for the Goals31Note:see Appendix for details on methodology and scoring thresholdsKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very Negative28WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of
101、 ESG data measurement,we have identified:6Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 13 of 6Average number of SDG 1 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Employees earning minimum wage2.Programs or initiatives to facilitate access to housing3.Programs or initia
102、tives to facilitate financial inclusionKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS ESSENTIAL PRODUCTSGlobally,7 billion people live on less than$30/day,23 including 5 billion people living on less than$10/day.24 These populations need greater access to basic products and services,including affordable food,elec
103、tricity,education,connectivity and financial services.The private sector performs a critical role in serving these diverse needs,and in doing so has helped to lift hundreds of millions out of poverty since 2015.While great progress has been made,there is an urgent need to replicate successful busine
104、ss models and public-private partnerships to ensure no-one is left behind.LIVING WAGESThe private sector creates 90%of jobs in developing countries,25 but businesses must go further to ensure workers and their families have a decent standard of living.Over one billion working people worldwide,repres
105、enting 1/3 of all workers,earn less than they need to afford a decent standard of living.26 As the largest source of employment,the private sector plays an important role in improving working conditions for workers globally.Ensuring that all workers are paid a living wage that enables them to meet t
106、heir basic needs is fundamental to ensuring a people-centered sustainability approach that leaves no one behind.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS In 2011,only 42%of people in developing countries had a bank account.By 2021,71%did.27 While access to financial services has grown rapidly,indicators of financial
107、product usage and financial resilience or health still lag notably.40%of the worlds population remains offline because they cant afford handsets,data chargers or face other barriers such as digital illiteracy.28 In remote rural areas and urban slums,vast populations are being left behind and specifi
108、c solutions are often needed.One billion people live in slums29 and another billion live more than two kilometers away from all-weather roads.30 1 in 3 people still cannot afford a healthy food intake.31 Food price volatility has had devastating impacts on the hundreds of millions living in extreme
109、poverty.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Uptake of digital learning is rapidly expanding worldwide,with learning hours for technical skills and the number of online learners increasing in 2022.So far,only 4%of companies claim or intend to pay a living wage.32 Only 10%of the worlds largest agriculture,mining,
110、or ICT companies have certified living wage commitments.33575 million people will still be living in extreme poverty if current trends continue.97 million people were pushed into extreme poverty in 2020 by the pandemic.192 of 3 countries will miss the critical goal of halving their national poverty
111、levels by 2030 if current trends continue.201 in 6children are growing up in extreme poverty globally,greatly stunting their health,learning,social and economic opportunities.21350new social protection measures across 105 countries were announced in 2022 alone.However,over 4 billion people worldwide
112、 still have no social protection.22The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 1 and progress is stagnatingThe world is not on track to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030.The COVID-19 pandemic erased more than four years of progress against poverty,with poverty rates rising for the
113、 first time in two decades between 2019 and 2020,pushing 8 million additional workers into poverty.This underscores the urgency of the challenge and need for action.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.org15.2%of people earn below$3.65/
114、day(based on 2017 PPP)(2023)177.5%of people earn below$2.15/day(based on 2017 PPP)(2023)18NO POVERTYSignificant ChallengesStagnatingGLOBAL OUTLOOK30United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 31In contrast to net positive impact,revenue alignment with poverty is somewhat negative and
115、stagnating,reflecting the role of climate impacts on increasing poverty.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 1%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion5.6%2.3%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion3.2%2.5%Extractives$
116、13.8 trillion15.9%0.2%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion0.9%3.7%Financial Services$14.7 trillion1.0%6.8%Health Care$5.6 trillion0.1%1.1%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion6.8%0.7%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion5.2%0.7%Services$4.7 trillion7.3%1.6%ICT$10.7 trillion0.3%2.2%Transport$6.9 trillion11.8%0.3%The private sector
117、s impact on alleviating poverty is very positive,reflecting the private sectors power of job creation,especially along supply chains.PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS:IMPACT ASSESSMENT BUBBLE SIZE REFLECTS THE SCALE OF THE IMPACTAXIS PLACEMENT REFLECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE IMPACTVery NegativeSomewhat Nega
118、tiveNeutralSomewhat PositiveVery PositiveRaising incomes by making products more widely accessibleFrom bicycles and electricity to loans and cell phones,a vast range of products and services has been made more accessible to people with low incomes to lift hundreds of millions out of poverty since 20
119、15.For example,the creation of drought resistant seeds,low-cost fertilizer,and affordable farm machinery has enabled smallholder farmers to raise their incomes.Smallholder farmers represent a large percentage of the global population living in extreme poverty.The advent and growth of the internet ha
120、s introduced another enabler for raising incomes globally.Since 2015,300 million people per year were connected to the internet.34 Moreover,internet access in rural areas increased from 31%to 46%in the last three years alone,giving vast segments of the population access to new income opportunities.C
121、reating jobs and improving standards in supply chainsBusinesses have made great progress in reducing working poverty since 2000,but more efforts are needed to completely eradicate it.It is estimated that one-third of all workers are estimated to earn less than they need to afford a decent standard o
122、f living.35 While job creation and income contribution is positive,there is still a need for collective action to address living wages,child labor and modern slavery along supply chains.Reducing the costs of goods and servicesSolar panel prices fell 82%over the past decade,making off-grid electricit
123、y affordable for hundreds of millions more customers globally.36 In 2015,smartphones cost between$300 and$500;today they cost less than$50 in some instances and some handsets sell for less than$15.Continuing long term falls in the cost of agricultural inputs,network data charges,international money
124、transfer fees and many other products are creating new paths out of poverty for people worldwide.Designing tailored products for lower-income populations Billions of people worldwide still do not have enough access to a wide range of life changing products because of avoidable design choices and res
125、trictive features or exclusionary criteria.For example,without tiered pricing,alternative credit scoring,local language support or micro-retail distribution channels,many products such as loans or insurance cover can remain out of reach for people on lower incomes.37KEY Very Positive Somewhat Positi
126、ve Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeData provided by Impaakt.For more information,please visit Data provided by Util.For more information,please visit www.util.coFood&BeverageThere are 608 million family farms worldwide,and 78%of the worlds extreme poor live in rural areas.The World Bank estimat
127、es that improving growth rates in agriculture is 200%400%more effective in raising incomes for the extreme poor compared to equivalent rises in other sectors.38Financial Services1.7 billion people still have no bank account,so despite several hundred million people gaining access to financial servic
128、es since 2015,there remains a long way to go.39 Going beyond improving access to financial services to increasing usage metrics for underserved populations is a vital contribution the private sector is making to poverty eradication.Extractives,Transport,Infrastructure,Manufacturing,Services and Cons
129、umer GoodsThe effects of climate change(e.g.rising temperatures and sea levels,more extreme droughts and floods),water stress and biodiversity loss driven mainly by these six sectors are negatively impacting on wealth and income levels for hundreds of millions of the most vulnerable people in the wo
130、rld and indirectly pushing many back into extreme poverty.KEY Net revenue has increased by 20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015NO POVERTY32United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 33ZERO HUNGERKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTR
131、IBUTIONS NUTRIENT FORTIFICATIONLeading food companies have made progress to improve nutrition.Large food providers and producers are committing to provide essential micronutrients and fortified foods including wheat,flour,edible oil,and rice to consumers around the world.HEALTHY FOOD CAMPAIGNSThe pr
132、ivate sector plays a critical role in re-shaping consumer demand towards more sustainable and nutritious foods.By making investments in R&D,marketing and advertising campaigns,transparent food labeling,and last-mile distribution,companies worldwide are contributing positively to zero hunger.FOOD WAS
133、TE REDUCTIONUp to 35%of food is wasted,which negatively impacts food availability and prices.47 Most loss is due to pests,harvesting and irrigation,but inefficiency also remains high in storage,transport and consumption.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Innovations in drip irrigation,pest control,drought resi
134、stant seeds,storage,transport,and logistics including better packaging,cold chains and digitally enabled monitoring and optimization of inventories and routes have all reduced losses.51 Farms with the highest losses during harvest and transport are also likely to be the least able to finance mechani
135、zation,irrigation and other efficiency drivers.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Increased global standardization on labeling for ingredients and nutrient content is re-shaping demand.The alternative proteins market is forecast to grow to$290 billion by 2035 but such optimistic estimates will only be realized
136、 if large-scale R&D and marketing investments are made and prove successful.50 Traceability and transparency of sourcing and last-mile distribution in food supply chains remains limited despite new technological possibilities.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Mainstreaming of nutrient supplementation and fort
137、ification and wider distribution of nutrient-dense food via initiatives such as RUTF and Impact4Nutrition.48 Greater targeting of fortified products is needed to tailor accessibility to local micronutrient deficiencies.Larger companies across sectors can do more to incentivize micro-retailers and di
138、stributors to act on Zero Hunger.49WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:4Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 22 of 4Average number of SDG 2 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG M
139、ETRICS1.Community food support2.Distribution of low-priced products and services3.Microfinance lending9.6%of the population is undernourished(2020)4018.2%of children under age 5 face stuntedgrowth(2022)41Cereal yield is 4.4 tons per hectare of harvested land(2021)42783 million people face global hun
140、ger.433 billionpeople cannot afford a healthy diet.441/3rd of foodproduced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally.458 in 10low-and middle-income countries experienced 5%+food price inflation in 2023,with many facing double-digit rises driving up hunger.46The world is severely off track to
141、achieve SDG 2 and progress is stagnatingThe world is not on track to end hunger by 2030.Between 2015 and 2023,the number of people experiencing hunger has risen from 589 million to 783 million.COVID-19,climate change,and geopolitical conflict have only made the challenge more complex.Achieving 2030
142、goals will require transforming food systems and investing in sustainable agricultural practices.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgMajor ChallengesStagnatingGLOBAL OUTLOOK34United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktak
143、e 35In contrast,revenue alignment with hunger is mixed and stagnating,reflecting on how a wide range of environmental harms are reducing crop yields and attributing to the rise of hunger PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 2%Revenue Associated with
144、(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion4.2%4.2%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion0.3%4.8%Extractives$13.8 trillion17.0%0.5%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion3.4%19.7%Financial Services$14.7 trillion0.1%5.9%Health Care$5.6 trillion1.8%1.8%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion9.4%1.7%Manufacturing$7.1 tri
145、llion1.1%4.5%Services$4.7 trillion3.2%3.4%ICT$10.7 trillion20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015ZERO HUNGER36United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 37WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market
146、 aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:36Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 319 of 36Average number of SDG 3 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Employee safety training2.Access to healthcare3.Health and safety lawsuitsGOOD HEALTH AND
147、WELL-BEINGKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS UNIVERSAL HEALTHCAREHalf of the global population still lacks access to essential health services.By providing affordable health insurance,medicines and services,the private sector enables billions of people worldwide to access effective healthcare when the
148、y need it.Innovations in diagnosis testing,medical training,and delivering services through digital platforms are improving the quality and reach of healthcare services.VACCINE DEVELOPMENTDuring the COVID-19 pandemic,the private sector made high-profile contributions to R&D,manufacturing and distrib
149、ution of critical vaccines at record speed and scale.The groundbreaking joint effort between companies,governments,and academia showcased the power of effective cross-sector collaboration.In the time since,additional breakthroughs have occurred in malaria and cancer vaccine research,offering new pro
150、spects for radically improving the life of hundreds of millions of people by 2030.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The Universal health coverage service coverage index increased from 45 in 2000 to 68 in 2019 with the fastest gains in the WHO African Region.63 The spread of health insurance and remote health
151、is accelerating access to higher quality universal healthcare globally.Telehealth is forecast to grow at a phenomenal 2030%CAGR globally between 2023 and 2030.64 As healthcare access becomes more linked to connectivity and digital literacy,the digital divide is deepening,and billions are being left
152、behind.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS By enabling 13.5 billion doses of COVID vaccines to be delivered to 5.7 billion people globally in two years,the private sector played a critical role in changing the course of the pandemic and saved over 20 million lives.65 Malaria sickens 240 million and kills 600,00
153、0 a year but the first 18 million doses of a new vaccine were recently allocated to 12 African countries for 2023-25.66 Cancer vaccines now in R&D may be available by 2030.Despite tiered pricing of vaccines,country GDP masks affordability for all citizens within countries and leads to unequal distri
154、bution.The pandemic resulted in 20.5 million children missing routine vaccines in 2022 and many companies across sectors could benefit from promoting routine immunization to employees and their families.67The universal health coverage(UHC)index of service coverage is 68(worst 0100 best)56Life expect
155、ancy at birth is 73 years 57The mortality rate for children under 5 years old is 38 per 1,000 live births 5852%reduction in AIDS-related death between 2010 and 2021.59800women died every day from pregnancy or childbirth in 2020,70%of whom were in Sub Saharan Africa.60381 millionpeople were pushed fu
156、rther into extreme poverty in 2019 because of out-of-pocket health payments.61 13.5 billiondoses of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered globally as of August 2023.While 71%of the worlds population got at least one dose,inequalities between and within countries were stark and routine immunizations re
157、main far off target.62The world is severely off track to achieve SDG 3 and progress is moderately increasingThe world is not on track to achieve SDG 3 by 2030.Childhood vaccination rates have seen the largest decline in three decades,and tuberculosis and malaria deaths have increased compared to pre
158、-COVID-19 levels.In order to overcome setbacks from the global pandemic,the private sector must invest in health systems to support a resilient future.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgMajor ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK38Unit
159、ed Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 39SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 3%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion16.2%6.6%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion11.4%3.6%Extractives$13.8 trillion37.2%0.5%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion15.3%9.5
160、%Financial Services$14.7 trillion3.8%8.9%Health Care$5.6 trillion0.6%25.7%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion28.5%2.1%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion18.8%2.7%Services$4.7 trillion19.4%4.3%ICT$10.7 trillion1.1%12.4%Transport$6.9 trillion25.8%1.1%In contrast,revenue alignment with health is somewhat negative and s
161、tagnating,reflecting how severely the private sectors activities contribute to air pollution and heat stress,damaging our health.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT Health CareGlobal life expectancy,approaching 73 years,is at its highest ever level and innovation by pharmaceutical and healthc
162、are companies has contributed significantly to this achievement as well as to wider improvements in the quality of life experienced by billions of people globally.ICTDigital health is transforming outcomes giving ICT the second largest positive health contribution.Food&BeverageThe balance of positiv
163、e and negative impacts reflects the mix of healthy and unhealthy products the sector sells as well as negative pollution and emissions impacts.Financial ServicesBy providing health insurance,loans and financing R&D and startups,the financial sector makes a large positive contribution to health.Extra
164、ctives,Infrastructure,Transport,Manufacturing,Services and Consumer GoodsClimate change and pollution account for large negative impacts.Air pollution alone has cut global life expectancy by 2.2 years and is now the leading cause of death worldwide.It causes 8.8 million deaths a year,more than smoki
165、ng but few companies are addressing their impacts so far.71The private sectors impact on health is mixed.While some consumer products have created harmful side-effects,investments in R&D,digital health and access to healthcare have improved outcomes.PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS:IMPACT ASSESSMENT BUB
166、BLE SIZE REFLECTS THE SCALE OF THE IMPACTAXIS PLACEMENT REFLECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE IMPACTVery NegativeSomewhat NegativeNeutralSomewhat PositiveVery PositiveInvesting in R&D The global pharmaceutical industry spends over$100 billion dollars on R&D annually.68 Lengthy,risky and expensive activities
167、bring together life sciences companies,universities,non-profit and government actors in complex interactions for knowledge sharing,risk transfer and safety assurance.This ultimately leading to the discovery of effective new vaccines,diagnostics,drugs and other treatments.Improving health outcomesThe
168、 private sector is contributing to treating and eradicating many diseases globally by manufacturing and distributing affordable diagnostics,treatments and vaccines.Since 2015,artificial intelligence has sped up clinical trials and enabled faster and more accurate diagnoses,while personalized medicin
169、e,cellular therapies and gene editing have offered new ways to prevent,detect and cure disease.Venture capital investment in digital health totaled$14.7 billion in the first half of 2021,which was almost double the investment in all of 2019.69Expanding access to healthcareSince 2015,the private sect
170、or has made advances in telehealth,including remote diagnosis techniques and remote learning platforms for community health workers.These advances have helped millions of people access trained personnel,reduced travel distances,wait-times,and costs,and led to an explosion in health data availability
171、 on many populations.On the negative side,risks and issues on data privacy,security,incentives and monetization are increasing as private companies expand their role in healthcare provision.Addressing negative health impacts of products and servicesMany products and services adversely impact public
172、health.Notably tobacco use is responsible for early death in up to half of users and is still used by a quarter of the global population.The recently developed opioid crisis has introduced innovation in pain management but addiction and non-medical use have created an epidemic.Worldwide,about 500,00
173、0 deaths are attributable to drug use and more than 70%of these deaths are related to opioids.In addition,many products contribute to urban air pollution and heat stress.For example,current methods of food production may lead to up to 5 million excess deaths a year by 2030 from air pollution,water c
174、ontamination,and antimicrobial resistance.70Data provided by Impaakt.For more information,please visit Data provided by Util.For more information,please visit www.util.coKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeKEY Net revenue has increased by 20%since 2015 Net revenu
175、e is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING40United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 41QUALITYEDUCATIONKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS DIGITAL EDUCATIONRapid growth in smartphone adoption and internet access have enabled
176、 previously underserved populations to access the benefits of education technology innovation.Benefits include wider access to online learning resources,more accessible information,and AI-powered educational assessments.SKILLING BEYOND SCHOOLSMany businesses in the ICT sector and other industries fa
177、cing skills gaps have begun to provide opportunities for self-directed skilling and offer work placements and apprenticeships.Leading large technology businesses have dropped formal degree requirements for new hires and skills-based hiring is becoming more popular.Scaling back formal job requirement
178、s can save costs for both employees and businesses,taking pressure off overloaded and underfunded public systems.Aspiring young entrepreneurs also now have access to a vast range of learning,resources and peer support online,much of it funded or provided by the private sector.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS
179、 Uptake of digital learning is rapidly expanding worldwide,with learning hours for technical skills and the number of online learners increasing in 2022.7 out of 10 companies provide more opportunities for employees to build skills than before the COVID-19 pandemic.81 Many of the new trainings will
180、help redeploy staff as automation and remote working trends accelerate.The demand for skills is evolving faster than formal education programs can adapt.There is a gap for private sector players to integrate certificate programs for employees to signal knowledge of skills without receiving a formal
181、education.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The education technology market was valued at$106 billion in 2021 and is forecast to grow rapidly at a CAGR of 16.5%between 2022 and 2030,when 90%of the worlds population are expected to be online.79 Accessibility features in digital platforms and devices are enabli
182、ng more inclusive learning and replacing traditional assistive tools,which are often lacking in resource-poor educational contexts.50%of primary schools globally still do not have internet enabled computers or accessible facilities.80 Localization of EdTech remains a challenge from wider content tra
183、nslation to scaling up local startups.WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:8Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 44 of 8Average number of SDG 4 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ES
184、G METRICS1.Access to education2.Training hours per employee3.Performance or career development reviews147 million children missed over half of in-person instruction in 2020-2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.751 in 4children do not yet participate in organized learning one year before the official pr
185、imary entry age,with little improvement since 2015.7650%of primary schools still do not have access to computer facilities or disability adapted infrastructure.77 14%of teachers were not qualified according to national norms in 2020,with little improvement since 2015.78The literacy rate for people a
186、ged 15 to 24 is 92%(2020)72The percentage of school age children enrolled in primary education is 87%(2022)73The completion rate of lower secondary schools is 77.47%(2021)74The world is off track to achieve SDG 4 and progress is stagnatingCOVID-19 left a devastating impact on progress toward quality
187、 education for all.Without intervention,an estimated 84 million young people will continue to be out of school and 300 million students will lack basic numeracy and literacy skills by 2030.To deliver on SDG 4,improving educational infrastructure and digital learning capabilities is essential.For mor
188、e information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgModerate ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK42United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 43In agreement with net positive impact,revenue alignment with education is somewhat positive and in
189、creasing,reflecting the vital roles played by technology,finance,and infrastructure.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 4%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion0.1%4.6%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion0.1%5.5%
190、Extractives$13.8 trillion 0.1%0.8%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion1.6%3.3%Financial Services$14.7 trillion 0.1%5.1%Health Care$5.6 trillion 0.1%3.5%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion 0.1%6.9%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion 0.1%0.7%Services$4.7 trillion0.1%3.7%ICT$10.7 trillion20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%
191、since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015QUALITY EDUCATION44United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 45GENDER EQUALITYKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS GENDER PAY GAPSThe private sector plays a pivotal role in advancing gender equality by ensuring pay parity.Histo
192、rically,the private sector in aggregate has done a poor job of ensuring pay parity across genders.Women are over-represented in the informal economy where most jobs are lower pay and offer very few benefits.89 Past estimates have suggested that the loss of human capital due to a lack of gender pay p
193、arity is close to$160 trillion.According to the ILO,women earn on average 20%less than male counterparts globally.90 WOMEN IN LEADERSHIPIndustry-leading private companies wield enormous economic,political,and cultural influence.Historical gender imbalance at the highest levels of corporate leadershi
194、p has represented a significant barrier to the achievement of society-wide gender equality.While there have been recent advances toward achieving greater gender parity in the global workforce and more equal pay,gender equality will not be achieved for at least nine generations at the current pace of
195、 change.Private sector leaders must be intentional in increasing the number of women in the workforce and creating systems to promote women across all levels of the talent pipeline.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Between 2017 and 2022,female board representation increased from 16%to 33%among the largest 100
196、 companies tracked by the 50/50 Women on Boards campaign.93 Women represent only 15%of all S&P 500 named executive officers in 2021.94 In 2021,women held 28.2%of management positions despite accounting for almost 40%of total employment.95ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The gender pay gap in OECD countries f
197、ell from 13.8%to 11.9%between 2015 and 2020.91 43%of countries did not mandate equal remuneration for work of equal value.92WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:13Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 57 of 13A
198、verage number of SDG 5 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Gender pay gap2.Females in management-level positions3.Retention rate of employees taking parental leaveWomen receive,on average,10%less years of education compared to men(2021)83Women participate in t
199、he labor force at,on average,31%the rate that men do(2022)84The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 5 and progress is moderately increasingThe world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030.None of the targets have been achieved and only one is close to completion.The COVID-19 pan
200、demic pushed out projections for gender parity by nearly a generation.While the gap persists in political and economic spheres,parity is closer in education and health outcomes.Reversing course will require a truly global effort.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please vis
201、it https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgSignificant ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK1 in 5 women were married before their 18th birthday in 2022.These women are less likely to stay in school or enter the workforce and more likely to suffer isolation,domestic violence and problems during pregnancy.85257yea
202、rs to close the global gender gap.86 50%of total economic growth achieved in OECD countries over the past 50 years has been driven by improved womens education(OECD).8726.5%of seats in lower and single chambers of national parliaments are held by women as of 2023,up from 22.3%in 2015.8846United Nati
203、ons Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 47In contrast to net negative impact,revenue alignment with gender equality is mixed but stagnating,reflecting the slow growth of products and services geared to females.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WIT
204、H SDG 5%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion0.1%4.6%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion0.1%5.5%Extractives$13.8 trillion 0.1%0.8%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion1.6%3.3%Financial Services$14.7 trillion 0.1%5.1%Health Care$5.6 trillion 0.1%3.5%Infrastructure$6.8 trill
205、ion 0.1%6.9%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion 0.1%0.7%Services$4.7 trillion0.1%3.7%ICT$10.7 trillion20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015GENDER EQUALITY48United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 49CLEAN WATER AND SANITATIONKE
206、Y PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS STAFF HEALTH&HYGIENEEmployers have a responsibility to ensure that 100%of employees have access to safely managed drinking water,sanitation,and hygiene services at work.WaterAid conducted a research project to demonstrate economic benefits of investing in WASH and foun
207、d a financial ROI of$1.32-$4.30 for every$1 invested.104WATER-USE EFFICIENCYMany sectors have worked to prevent water decline and restore water sources by improving water-use efficiency.While more extractive industries have room to grow in improving water-use efficiency,many companies have taken pre
208、liminary steps toward becoming water efficient.At a basic level,it requires conscientious water use and identifying solutions to prevent water stress.At more advanced levels,leading companies are working to restore water-stressed basins in areas of operation to become water positive.WATER POLLUTIONL
209、eading companies are taking measures to protect and enhance the quality of water globally.While this may start with reducing operational wastewater pollution,achieving SDG 6 will require collective action to achieve positive water impact in at least 100 vulnerable prioritized water basins by 2030.AC
210、HIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Globally,more than 300 million people get water from desalination plants,circumventing water quality challenges in areas far from freshwater sources.107 Nearly 80%of wastewater returns to the environment without proper treatment.108 Only 12%of CDP respondents set water pollutio
211、n goals that are monitored at the corporate level.109ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Innovations in micro irrigation have significantly improved agricultural water-use efficiency,in some cases by up to 50%.Global water deficit could reach 40%by 2030 private sector water consumption is at unsustainable level
212、s and relatively little is being done to address the crisis.106ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Many of the people employed by the private sector globally get access to both clean drinking water,sanitation facilities and hygiene products from their employers.Many employers stepped up campaigns on employee ha
213、nd-washing and hygiene during the pandemic.1 in 4 people globally still lack access to clean water and 2.3 billion people lack basic hygiene services informal private employers may not provide access.105WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measure
214、ment,we have identified:22Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 614 of 22Average number of SDG 6 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Access to WASH services2.Water recycling and reuse3.Water discharge non-compliance73%of the population had access to safe
215、ly managed drinking water services in 2022.10020%increase in water-use efficiency in the agricultural sector since 2015.10158%of household wastewater in 140 countries in 2022 was safely treated.10264%of CDP survey respondents are now reducing or at least maintaining their water withdrawals.10373%of
216、the population hasaccess to basic drinkingwater services(2020)9754%of the population hasaccess to basic sanitation services(2020)983.9 trillion litres of available freshwater resources are withdrawn(2019)99The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 6 and progress is moderately increasingWhile
217、water-use efficiency has risen by 9 per cent,water scarcity remains an issue for many parts of the world.In order to get SDG 6 back on track,the private sector must focus on promoting innovation and evidence-based action,enhancing cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation,and a more integrated and
218、 holistic approach to water management.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgSignificant ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK50United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 51In contrast to net positive impact,revenue alignm
219、ent with water is somewhat negative and stagnating,reflecting the unsustainable pace of water withdrawal across sectors and widespread water pollution.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 6%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMME
220、NTARYTotal$84.1 trillion16.7%1.6%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion12.9%1.0%Extractives$13.8 trillion45.4%0.4%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion20.6%3.9%Financial Services$14.7 trillion4.2%0.2%Health Care$5.6 trillion11.9%0.1%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion27.3%2.4%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion10.5%3.8%Services$4.7 trill
221、ion19.9%2.6%ICT$10.7 trillion0.3%2.5%Transport$6.9 trillion9.6%2.3%Consumer GoodsCotton used in clothing is the largest single contributor to agricultural water use,which accounts for 70%of all withdrawals globally.116ExtractivesMining,oil and gas,and other extractive industries account for 20%of fr
222、eshwater withdrawals globally and cause significant water pollution problems.117InfrastructureIn North America,an estimated 20-50%of water is lost due to leaky pipes.118 In addition,there are deep problems with contamination of water supplies and coastal areas by sewerage and chemicals in many count
223、ries.Food&BeverageAgriculture accounts for over 70%of global water use today.Demand is continuing to rise unsustainably as the rapidly expanding and increasingly affluent populations of LMICs are consuming more meat and other water intensive food and beverage products.ServicesDistribution services f
224、or petroleum and fuel have negative pollution impacts,including accidents such as oil tanker spills.BUBBLE SIZE REFLECTS THE SCALE OF THE IMPACTAXIS PLACEMENT REFLECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE IMPACTVery NegativeSomewhat NegativeNeutralSomewhat PositiveVery PositiveCreating products and services that con
225、serve waterInnovation in water distribution and irrigation methods has improved the private sectors ability to more efficiently use water resources.CDP respondents found$300 billion of value could be realized by designing new products and services to reduce water use in 2022.110 Leveraging artificia
226、l intelligence,smart sensors,and internet-of-things technologies,water utilities have more tools to quickly identify and repair leaky pipes,which remains a large source of water loss globally.Showing signs of improvement,the agriculture sector has utilized micro irrigation techniques to improve wate
227、r-use efficiency.Studies show that switching from flood irrigation to micro irrigation can reduce water use by 50%.111Providing access to clean drinking water and sanitation networksThe fifty largest water providers supply water and wastewater services to well over 1.1 billion people globally.112 Im
228、proving water and wastewater services requires expanding water pipe networks and continuing to reduce the number of people that must travel by foot for daily water use.Making water affordable and accessible for allWater tariffs have grown at nearly double the rate of inflation across 385 cities glob
229、ally.113 The increase is largely attributed to rising operating costs and a need to upgrade and expand infrastructure.Rising water tariffs are a double-edged sword,as they raise barriers to water access while incentivizing more efficient water use.Using water efficiency in operationsWhile most compa
230、nys make a very small individual impact on global operational water consumption,the collective impact of the private sector is massive.Agriculture accounts for 70%of water use 114 and industry accounts for an additional 20%,while the remaining 10%of water use is traced to individuals.With population
231、 growth demanding greater agricultural water use,it will become increasingly important to improve water-use efficiency.Current projections estimates that global demand for freshwater will exceed supply by 40%by 2030.115 The private sectors impact on water is very negative.While individual businesses
232、 have improved water-use efficiency and utilities have expanded water and sewage networks,the pace of water withdrawal from the private sector remains unsustainable to achieve SDG 6.PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS:IMPACT ASSESSMENT Data provided by Impaakt.For more information,please visit Data provide
233、d by Util.For more information,please visit www.util.coKEY Very Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeKEY Net revenue has increased by 20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015CLEAN WATER&SANITATION52United Nations
234、 Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 53AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGYKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACCESS TO CLEAN ENERGYOver 9 in 10 people have access to electricity globally,up from 87%in 2015.Yet,in a quarter of the worlds 46 least developed countries,more than 75%of the population lacks
235、 access to electricity.Achieving universal electricity access will require continued investment in mini-and micro-grids,energy storage systems,renewable energy efficiency,and battery recycling technology.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The number of people connected to mini grids more than doubled between 2
236、010 and 2019,providing electricity access to an additional 6 million people.128 The world could face lithium shortages by 2025 due to rapid growth in demand for lithium batteries,particularly in electric vehicles129.Over-reliance on lithium and insufficient recycling infrastructure could stifle rene
237、wable energy projects.129ENERGY AFFORDABILITYThe cost of renewable energy per MWh of energy relative continues to decline.As renewable developers gain more experience,better technology,and broader funding resources,renewable energy will only become more cost competitive.Moreover,phasing out subsidie
238、s for fossil fuel energy is an essential component to improving clean energy affordability and competitiveness.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Solar photovoltaic($40/MWh)and onshore wind($41/MWh)surpassed coal($109/MWh)and gas($56/MWh)in cost efficiency in 2019 due to comparatively low operating costs and z
239、ero fuel costs.126 Fossil fuel subsidies doubled across 51 countries from$362 billion in 2020 to$697 billion in 2021.Fossil fuel subsidies per capita in Europe($113 per person)are more than triple those in the Middle East and North Africa($36 per person).Fossil fuel subsidies doubled across 51 count
240、ries from$362 billion in 2020 to$697 billion in 2021.127JUST TRANSITIONAs global energy generation shifts away from polluting fossil fuels and towards clean energy sources,companies must remain vigilant of potential social effects of retiring large segments of the economy.In dialogue with government
241、s,workers,and their representatives,entire industries must work to reskill workers and provide ample resources to avoid impoverishing workers and communities that depend on the fossil fuel industry to sustain lives and livelihoods.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS CEOs are prioritizing upskilling and reskilli
242、ng the workforce to build workforce resilience against ongoing global changes.74%of CEOs flagged upskilling and reskilling their workforce as a primary action to build resilience.130 The ILO projects that up to 25 million new jobs will be created by 2030 from the energy transition.131 Worldwide empl
243、oyment in renewable energy reached 12.7 million last year,a jump of 700,000 new jobs in one year,despite the lingering effects of COVID-19 and the growing energy crisis,according to a new report.132 An estimated 6 million jobs are expected to be lost due to the green transition.91%of the global popu
244、lation has access to electricity,up from 87%in 2015.122567 millionpeople in sub-Saharan Africa did not have access to electricity,accounting for more than 80%of the global population without electricity access in 2021.12335%of the worlds electricity will come from renewable sources by 2025 up from 2
245、9%in 2020,with global power-sector emissions now close to peaking.124$2.9 trillionspent globally on fossil fuel subsidies between 2013 and 2020.12591%of the population has access to electricity globally(2020)11971%of the population has access to clean fuels and technology for cooking(2020)12012.3%of
246、 total final electricity consumption is from renewable sources(2019)121The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 7 and progress is moderately increasingIf we continue on our current trajectory,it is projected that 660 million people will continue to live without electricity access.Renewable e
247、nergy adoption continues to grow,spelling hope for a clean energy future.To ensure access to clean and safe energy by 2030,we must accelerate electrification,improve energy efficiency,and increase investment in renewable energy.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visi
248、t https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgWHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:22Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 713 of 22Average number of SDG 7 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG M
249、ETRICS1.Renewable energy use targets2.Energy efficiency targets3.Energy consumption per production volumeSignificant ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK54United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 55Revenue alignment with energy is somewhat positive and stagnating,reflecting how produc
250、ts and infrastructure are increasingly moving towards energy efficiency.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 7%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion 0.1%3.8%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion 0.1%0.5%Extractive
251、s$13.8 trillion 0.1%5.2%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion 0.1%0.7%Financial Services$14.7 trillion 0.1%0.3%Health Care$5.6 trillion 0.1%0.1%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion 0.1%17.2%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion 0.1%5.6%Services$4.7 trillion 0.1%3.7%ICT$10.7 trillion 0.1%4.9%Transport$6.9 trillion20%since 2015 Net
252、 revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY56United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 57DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTHKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS JOB CREATIONCompanies generate employment,but the labor condit
253、ions of that employment determine whether there is a true contribution to the SDGs.Advancing decent work and raising the living standards of all workers across operations and supply chains require all companies to adopt sustainable,responsible and inclusive workplace practices,and for companies with
254、 supply chains to use their leverage with suppliers to contribute to the realization of decent work globally.ECONOMY FORMALIZATIONAccording to the International Labour Organization,about 2 billion workers,or 60%of the total employed population age 15 or older,works in the informal economy.While firm
255、s may remain in the informal economy for various reasons,high informality remains an obstacle to achieving the SDGs.Informal firms have limited access to financial services,practice tax avoidance,and drive inequality due to pervasive wage gaps and limited social protections.Formalizing more economic
256、 activity is critical to progressing sustainable development.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Digital technology has increased access to financial service and affordable care for workers in the informal economy.1/3 of global economy activity remains outside of the formal economy.153 85%of workers in the info
257、rmal economy do so out of a lack of available opportunities in the formal economy.This leads to lower wages,social protections,and limited access to credit or education.154ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The ILO estimates that 100 million jobs can be created by 2030 by ensuring a green transition that fully
258、 takes into account its social dimensions.150 Actors in the world of work,government representatives,employers and workers organizations are key actors for change.28 million people are in situations of forced labor.151 74 percent of countries exclude workers from the right to establish and join a tr
259、ade union.152 Global employment growth will be only 1.0%in 2023,less than half that of 2022.WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:51Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 830 of 51Average number of SDG 8 ESG metr
260、ics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Human rights monitoring2.Incidents of community grievances3.Employee safety160 million children are subject to child labor globally,a number that has risen for the first time in two decades.145630 millionworkers did not get paid eno
261、ugh to lift themselves and their families out of extreme or moderate poverty.1467,500people die each day from unsafe and unhealthy working conditions.147 1 in 4young people globally were not active in the education system,job market,or training programs in 2022.148Adjusted GDP declined by 4.1%in 202
262、0 142There are 5.2 victims of modern slavery per1,000 population(2018)143The total labor force participation rate for workers aged 15 and above was 60%(2022)144The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 8 and progress is stagnatingThe global economy is still grappling with the effects of COVID
263、-19.Persistent inflation and rising interest rates have created challenging economic conditions and stark inequalities of income,wealth,wellbeing and opportunity remain.Achieving SDG 8 will require systemic reform to promote equitable pay and decent work while tackling rising debt and economic uncer
264、tainty.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgSignificant ChallengesStagnatingGLOBAL OUTLOOK58United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 59The private sectors revenue associated with decent work and economic growth is v
265、ery positive and improving,reflecting the impact of businesses in developing economies and improving working conditions.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 8%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion0.2%24.
266、6%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion0.1%26.1%Extractives$13.8 trillion 0.1%31.5%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion0.3%17.2%Financial Services$14.7 trillion 0.1%28.3%Health Care$5.6 trillion 0.1%5.5%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion 0.1%32.1%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion 0.1%18.2%Services$4.7 trillion 0.1%24.8%ICT$10.7 tril
267、lion 0.1%23.6%Transport$6.9 trillion20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH60United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 61INDUSTRY,INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE KEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIO
268、NS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe private sector plays an integral role in ensuring that infrastructure investments are aligned with sustainable development.Notably,industrialization must be consistent with the global vision for a clean energy future.A key goal is ensuring that countries still undergoin
269、g industrialization prioritize the establishment of clean energy as a fundamental element,rather than developing a reliance on fossil fuels.BASIC INFRASTRUCTUREThe private sector has contributed to building foundational infrastructure.Expanded access to basic services like energy,internet,sanitation
270、,and transportation have enabled sustainable growth.However,many communities still lack access to these basic services.Nearly 759 million people still live without electricity and 1 billion people live more than 2 kilometers from an all-weather road.Continued investment in sustainable infrastructure
271、 will be critical to achieving SDG 9 by 2030.DRIVING INNOVATIONThe private sector plays an integral role in driving innovation and disrupting technologies to create entirely new sectors.Massive investments in technological innovation and research and development have generated value and grown the pr
272、oductivity of the global workforce.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Between 2019 and 2020,the number of patents increased by 1.6%and the number of trademarks grew by 13.7%.171 Climate tech start-ups raised$53.7 billion from venture capital and private equity in 2021 globally.172ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Betwee
273、n 2015 and 2021,4G network coverage doubled,reaching 88%of the worlds population.169 In 2022,while overall global manufacturing growth slowed,medium-and high-technology industries maintained strong growth;namely the automotive,computer,electronics and optical,and electrical equipment industries.Whil
274、e 95%of the world has mobile broadband access,coverage is only 82%in Sub-Saharan Africa and 68%in Oceania.170 Hard-to-abate sectors,such as aviation,lack a clear path to scaled economical decarbonization.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Private sector-led infrastructure investments are around$160 billion in
275、primary markets across G20 nations but further investment will be required to achieve SDG 9.167 Air cargo traffic exceeded pre-pandemic levels by the beginning of 2021 and maintains robust growth.Global manufacturing growth slowed from 7.4%in 2021 to 3.3%in 2022 due to inflation,energy price shocks,
276、supply disruptions,and global economic deceleration.168WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:15Total standard ESG metrics that link to SDG 88 of 15Average number of SDG 8 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG B
277、ook sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Real-estate assets emissions reduction policy2.Community infrastructure programs3.Quality management system certification6%carbon emissions growth from energy combustion and industrial process in 2021,returning close to pre-pandemic levels.16395%of people were covered b
278、y mobile broadband coverage of 3G or higher in 2022.1641.93%of global GDP spent on R&D in 2020.165$1,879global manufacturing value added per capita in 2022.166Expenditures on research and development represent 2.6%of global GDP(2020)16063%of the population uses the internet(2021)161The quality of tr
279、ade and transport-related infrastructure as measured by the Logistics Performance Index is 2.92(worst 15 best)162The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 9 and progress is moderately increasingThe world is off track to achieve SDG 9 by 2030.The manufacturing sectors recovery from the COVID-1
280、9 pandemic remains incomplete with sector growth slowing to 3.3%in 2022.To achieve SDG 9,the private sector must support LDCs,invest in advanced technologies,continue increasing mobile broadband access and lowering carbon emissions.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please
281、visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgSignificant ChallengesImprovingGLOBAL OUTLOOK62United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 63Revenue alignment on industry,innovation,and infrastructure is very positive and stagnating,reflecting significant investment in infrastructure and a shift
282、in the types of goods produced coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 9%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion1.0%23.4%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion1.5%22.6%Extractives$13.
283、8 trillion2.7%31.6%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion0.2%9.0%Financial Services$14.7 trillion0.1%27.5%Health Care$5.6 trillion0.4%2.9%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion0.1%40.6%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion2.9%12.5%Services$4.7 trillion0.5%23.1%ICT$10.7 trillion20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 leve
284、ls Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015INDUSTRY,INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE64United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 65REDUCED INEQUALITIESKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS WORKFORCE EQUALITYWorkplaces around the world remain unequal across demographics.Leadership roles are
285、 overwhelmingly filled by men with no signs of reaching parity soon,and executive compensation is significantly higher than average worker pay.LGBTQ+workers face discrimination and in many countries,data is unavailable to highlight these disparities out of fear over punishment.Wage floors are lower
286、than what is considered a living wage.Prospective workers with disabilities,migrants,and workers with low educational backgrounds face many barriers and are under-represented in well-paying jobs.GLOBAL INEQUALITYEconomic equality has not followed global economic growth and with the rise of artificia
287、l intelligence,inequalities are only expected to deepen.The wealthiest in society have accumulated disproportionate shares of new wealth while real wages have stagnated for billions of workers worldwide.Globalization and remote working have enabled businesses to provide jobs outside of their home co
288、untries,promising to reduce inequality but most remote work opportunities are restricted to high-income countries due to tax,legal,language and cultural barriers,which must be tackled to reduce inequalities.ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The growth in skills-based hiring has opened doors for prospective jo
289、b candidates from under-resourced communities who may not have access to a four-year college degree.In the US,Black workers earn$0.76 for every$1.00 White workers earn.183 About 1/3 of working-age persons with disabilities are in employment,which is roughly half the corresponding share of persons wi
290、thout disabilities.184 The average CEO of an S&P 500-listed company earns 272 times as much as their employees,reflecting the widening disparity between executive and worker pay.185ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Remittances have grown rapidly and become far cheaper in recent years,and are now much more imp
291、ortant to most LMICs than official development aid.186 Foreign Direct Investment into LMICs has increased significantly.Venture capital investment in Africa has increased at a compound annual rate of 32%between 2014 and 2021.187 Millions of jobs have been created in low-income countries due to outso
292、urcing of call centers,back-office functions,and manufacturing activities.Less than 1%of people gained 2/3 of all new wealth created in the last 3 years,while 4 billion people own just 2%of global wealth.188WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?Leveraging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data mea
293、surement,we have identified:36Total standard ESG metrics that linkto SDG 1021 of 36Average number of SDG 10 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Gender pay gap2.Employees earning a minimum wage3.Female employees1 in 6 people have experienced discrimination.1793
294、4.6 millionrefugees in 2022,the highest ever documented.1801 in 3people with disabilities report havingexperienced discrimination.18176%of refugees and those in need ofinternational protection hosted bylow-and middle-income countries.182The Palma ratio,or the ratio of the richest 10%of the populatio
295、ns share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%s share was 10.88(2021)177The Gini coefficient,a measure for income inequality,is 37.6(full equality 0100 full inequality)(2020)178The world is moderately off track to achieve SDG 10 and progress is stagnatingThe COVID-19 pandemic reversed
296、recent advances in social equality.One in six people have experienced discrimination in some form,with women and people with disabilities disproportionately affected.In order to get back on track,we must invest in education and skills development,focusing on fostering international cooperation for f
297、air trade and financial systems.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgSignificant ChallengesStagnatingGLOBAL OUTLOOK66United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 67SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 10%Revenue
298、 Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion3.4%4.1%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion3.4%1.0%Extractives$13.8 trillion15.2%0.3%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion2.0%1.4%Financial Services$14.7 trillion0.1%14.0%Health Care$5.6 trillion0.1%2.7%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion1.5%5.8%Manuf
299、acturing$7.1 trillion1.1%1.3%Services$4.7 trillion2.5%3.7%ICT$10.7 trillion0.3%2.4%Transport$6.9 trillion0.3%1.5%The private sectors revenue associated with reducing inequalities is mixed and worsening.Financial inclusion reducing inequality in many countries is offset by extractives increasing it i
300、n others.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT ExtractivesThe importance of extractives in an economy is strongly associated with inequality.While mining and oil and gas operations can bring jobs and investment into low-income countries,globally there are many workforces with limited focus on i
301、nclusion and many workers on low wages.There is often a growing divide between small segments of society growing wealthy from the benefits of extractives,while most people in local communities do not see much development and the local areas have often become far more unequal as a result.Financial Se
302、rvicesExpanding access to financial services has significantly reduced inequality.The market for microfinance grew to$187 billion in 2022 and is forecast to become$488 billion by 2030.192 If designed responsibly,microfinance loans often have very high repayment rates and expanding access can reduce
303、economic inequality.The private sectors contribution to reduced inequalities are mixed.Despite progress on inclusive product design and wider access to education,many workplaces are still not inclusive today.PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS:IMPACT ASSESSMENT BUBBLE SIZE REFLECTS THE SCALE OF THE IMPACTA
304、XIS PLACEMENT REFLECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE IMPACTVery NegativeSomewhat NegativeNeutralSomewhat PositiveVery PositiveDesigning products and services for low-income communitiesStrides in inclusive product design have reduced inequality of access to common products and services.For example,in financial
305、 services,2.5 billion people worldwide got access to a bank account for the first time in the 10 years between 2011 and 2021,and the emergence of services such as mobile money has been transformative for the economy in some low-income markets.189 This growth required innovative tailoring of distribu
306、tion channels,partnerships,and pricing strategies as well as product features to suit traditionally under-served populations with many unique needs.Expanding access to education and trainingBy making education accessible in remote rural areas of low-income countries and reducing its cost for people
307、worldwide,businesses across sectors who support public education,and some private schools are making significant contributions to reducing inequality.Designing products to promote gender equality and disability inclusionMany companies are now investing more time and energy into designing products to
308、 be used by the 1 billion people worldwide who live with some form of disability and to tailor products and services to improve equality for women.190 By designing with users and taking accessibility and gender transformative design principles into account,the private sector is reducing inequalities
309、.Creating an inclusive work environmentDiversity,equity,and inclusion has risen to the forefront of many CEO agendas.In 2021,76%of CEOs said they were building a representative workforce in the communities where they operate and in 2022,56%of CEOs said their company was increasing workforce diversit
310、y to build resilience.CEOs have signaled an interest in investing in DE&I,but programs have not resulted in sustained and economy-wide changes on employment outcomes.191Data provided by Impaakt.For more information,please visit Data provided by Util.For more information,please visit www.util.coKEY V
311、ery Positive Somewhat Positive Mixed Somewhat Negative Very NegativeKEY Net revenue has increased by 20%since 2015 Net revenue is within+/-20%since 2015 levels Net revenue has decreased by 20%since 2015REDUCED EQUALITIES68United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 69SUSTAINABLE CITIE
312、SAND COMMUNITIESKEY PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS AFFORDABLE HOUSINGBy providing jobs in urban areas,the private sector is inadvertently driving massive urban population growth,fueling the housing crisis.Yet some companies are also seeing the opportunity in providing affordable products and services
313、for urban life.Notably,businesses are combatting housing inequality by creating mortgage products,providing loans for small businesses,and creating affordable mobile and modular home products.CLEAN AIR AND WASTEIndustrial activity is often a large contributor to air pollution and waste in urban area
314、s.Cities produce roughly 78%of carbon emissions and produce substantial airborne pollutants that adversely affect over 50%of the worlds urban population.Businesses therefore have a key role to play in reducing air polluting activities.SMART CITIESPrivate sector innovation in sensor technology,intern
315、et-of-things,and remote monitoring have created the potential for improved,data-driven urban management.Combined with artificial intelligence,the growth of smart city technology has enabled transportation networks to operate semi-autonomously and for energy systems to reduce power usage and losses.A
316、CHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS The global average municipal solid waste collection rate in cities was 82%in 2022.203 Globally,over 4.2 million annual premature deaths were be attributed to outdoor air pollution,occurring predominantly in lower-and middle-income countries in 2016.204 Cities account for 2/3rd
317、s of global energy consumption and more than 70%of greenhouse gas emissions.205ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS By 2030,experts predict that there will be 41 cities with more than 20 million residents,reflecting optimism around urban innovation.200 The portion of people living in slums or informal settlement
318、s surpassed 1 billion in 2018.201 Globally,35%of people do not have access to affordable housing;55%in Sub-Saharan Africa,30.5%in West Asia and North Africa,and 30.3%in Central and Southern Asia.202ACHIEVEMENTS&SHORTFALLS Sensor-triggered street lighting has allowed cities to conserve energy and red
319、uce urban light pollution.206 Connected public transportation and internet-of-things technology enable greater system reliability and faster repairs.Privacy concerns related to urban data collection often impede the broad implementation of smart city technologies.WHATS THE PRIVATE SECTOR MEASURING?L
320、everaging ESG Book as a market aggregator of ESG data measurement,we have identified:38Total standard ESG metrics that link toSDG 1123 of 38Average number of SDG 11 ESG metrics reported by companies in the ESG Book sampleSAMPLE ESG METRICS1.Community programs and infrastructure programs2.Waste reduc
321、tion(e-waste,hazardous chemicals,etc.)3.Air quality impact55%of the global population lives in urban areas.19651.6%of the global urban population has convenient access to public transport.1973.2%of urban land was accounted for by open public spaces in 2020.198102countries reported having local gover
322、nments with disaster risk reduction strategies in 2022.19924.20%of global urban populations are living inslums(2020)193The annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter is 45.4 micrograms per cubic meter(2019)19474%of global populations have access to a safely
323、managed water source(2020)195The world is severely off track to achieve SDG 11 and progress is stagnatingThe world is not on track to achieve SDG 11.Approximately 1.1 billion people live in slums or slum-like conditions.Slum populations in small cities and towns are recording faster growth than many
324、 major cities around the world.The private sector must focus on prioritizing access to basic services,efficient transport,and address continuing urban environmental degradation and pollution.For more information on the SDG progress scoring methodology,please visit https:/dashboards.sdgindex.orgMajor
325、 ChallengesStagnatingGLOBAL OUTLOOK70United Nations Global Compact|Private Sector SDG Stocktake 71SECTOR Market SizeREVENUE ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 11%Revenue Associated with(+)and(-)ImpactsTREND 2015-2023COMMENTARYTotal$84.1 trillion11.3%6.5%Consumer Goods$7.7 trillion6.2%7.5%Extractives$13.8 trillion31
326、.9%1.0%Food&Beverage$5.7 trillion4.6%3.9%Financial Services$14.7 trillion0.6%18.0%Health Care$5.6 trillion0.5%0.6%Infrastructure$6.8 trillion16.1%5.3%Manufacturing$7.1 trillion12.5%3.0%Services$4.7 trillion15.1%4.0%ICT$10.7 trillion0.4%7.3%Transport$6.9 trillion21.9%4.3%Extractives,Infrastructure,Tr
327、ansport,ManufacturingThese sectors are significant contributors to air pollution.Air pollution cuts global life expectancy by 3 years and is now the leading cause of death worldwide,causing 8.8 million deaths a year(more than smoking).99%of the global population now breathes air that does not meet W
328、HO levels209 but few companies are addressing their impacts so far.The WEF Alliance for Clean Air is a key platform for coordinating action.Financial ServicesFinancial institutions play several critical roles in improving urban sustainability.Contributions range from financing solar farms and transp
329、ortation infrastructure to providing mortgages and loans for new housing.The private sectors revenue associated with sustainable cities and communities is somewhat negative and worsening,driven mainly by the effects of global air pollution in cities.PRIVATE SECTOR STOCKTAKE:REVENUE ALIGNMENT BUBBLE
330、SIZE REFLECTS THE SCALE OF THE IMPACTAXIS PLACEMENT REFLECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE IMPACTVery NegativeSomewhat NegativeNeutralSomewhat PositiveVery PositiveProvide affordable housing for allMost displaced people live in cities,experiencing limited livelihood opportunities and social services.Providing
331、 them with access to affordable housing,insurance and mortgages is essential to support thriving communities.Cities represent a space where the public,private and non-profit sectors can collaborate to transform slums into more livable neighborhoods.Affordable housing can provide residents with a con
332、tinued sense of home and place,employment opportunities,strong social networks,and improve access to public and low-carbon transport options.Building sustainable citiesWhile severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic,the construction sector is rebounding and investment in energy efficiency rose to an unp
333、recedented$184 billion in 2020.207 From constructing new zero-carbon homes and offices to retrofitting the existing stock of inefficient aging buildings,there are vast challenges and opportunities which the private sector is tackling at scale.Creating more sustainable buildings as the default will be critical as cities continue to grow.Providing mobility choices for allThe private sector provides