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1、-1-1-Solar Lights the Planet The China?olar+Reimagin?Report -The 2030 Campaign:One kW Per Capita Solar Installations Wu Changhua,World Green Design Organization and Senior Fellow of IPE He Jijiang,The Institute of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University Ma Jun,The Institute of Public and Environmenta
2、l Affairs(IPE)Chen Jing,The Institute of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University Shen Sunan,Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)Guo Hongyan,The Institute of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University JIn Zhe,The Institute of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University COP28,Dubai,UAE December 20
3、23 Preface China has fully embraced quality and sustainable development as the core national strategy and the way forward in the coming decades.Clean,green,and lower carbon are some of the most representative features of the current stage of transition.One thing deserving more clarity and attention
4、of?one.?the IEA net-zero scenario when the momentum remains for the coming years.And the endeavor led,and the journey travelled by the Tsinghua University team and its partners have become a living case that embodies the desired acceleration and scaling transition to sustainability.-2-As broadly kno
5、wn,?courtyards to install solar?capacity today.Such moves help accelerate to reach 1kW per capita solar installations,a target advocated by the project team,while moving the country towards 1,400 GW solar installations by 2030 when China is expected to have peaked its emissions.The Tsinghua Universi
6、ty team and its partners put forward the China Campaign of 1kW per capita solar installations by 2030 with a clear intention-that is to turn it into a key vehicle to drive the roadmap in rural China towards net-zero villages built upon three pillars?electrification,green power,and zero carbon emissi
7、ons.It has also created the synergy and co-benefits to advance transition of rural heat and energy supply,transportation fuel,and modernization of agriculture that features lower carbon emissions and nature positive.Their proposal of zero-?+highly efficient electricity for heat?pioneers the innovati
8、ve model design of free upfront payment by farmers.As the case has already been made,it charters a new pathway for decarbonization and green transition for both Northern China and along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Such just transition in rural China becomes feasible and valid.Heat pumps represen
9、t high-efficiency heat supply.Compared with heat from burning coal,it proves more affordable,convenient,clean,safe,and manageable.The team is now campaigning?+Heat Pump?project,advocating a large-scale carbon-free heat supply project that will cover 100,000 rural households in Northern China.I am de
10、lighted to have witnessed their progresses in many counties.And I strongly recommend this project to all,including other nations and regions beyond China.Just imagine this?starting from 100,000 household to reach one million households,10 million households,and even 100 million househo?of a solar en
11、ergy revolution on this planet.I hereby make my strongest call for all nations to join?accelerated transition by 2030.Du Xiangwan Academician and Former Vice President,Chinese Academy of Engineering Member,China National Climate Change Expert Committee -3-The Project of Solar Lights the Planet:The C
12、hina Campaign In 2016,the Research Center of Energy Transition and Social Development of the Institute of?1kW per capita solar installations by 2035?.Its design was to break the deadlocks and advance breakthroughs in rural clean energy transition in China.The learning has offered invaluable on-the-g
13、round insights and experiences in many parts of the country through an integrated and innovative design of partnership,finance and business model,and governance mechanisms in the context of both?-economic development agenda and UN SDGs.A key output from the Pilot scheme is some feasible and viable m
14、odels to scale solar installations at much more rapid pace,especially at village,township,and county levels.The success can be delivered and duplicated to scale as having been tested,studied,and researched,not only technologically and technically,but also economically,financially,and socially.As the
15、 case made,solar installations of 1kW would require about 5 square meters of space(land,water or rooftop)and an upfront investment of around USD 400 to install.When completed,it will generate about 800 to 2,000 kWh of electricity a year,depending on location and solar resource availability.And it wi
16、ll avoid carbon emissions of about 456 kg?1,140 kg(with an average co-efficient of 570 g/kWh in China).These learnings and findings provide important references for the next stage of the effort and turning into a China Campaign of 1kW per capita solar installations by 2030.And they also provide some
17、 of the most important quantitative benchmarks and qualitative analysis for us to calculate and measure impacts and successes.The new phase of the project brings on board more lead partners.The China Campaign is now progressed on f?1.The Solar Map:to visualize global actions and movement of solar en
18、ergy revolution.Led by the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)and on its current environmental Big Data platform,we launched a data-and evidence-driven planetary solar energy installation?through which data of progresses is tracked and cases showcased at global,national,regional,and l
19、ocal levels?to become inspired,and to join the league and accelerate solar energy transition.2.?-based acceleration and scaling transition to sustainability through ground-level projects all over the country.While embedding layers of -4-?Sciences and its Energy Transition Center,we carry out case st
20、udies that firstly,tell the stories of how solar power helps deliver SDG targets and promote rural development;and then,navigate and communicate the complexity,help understand the successes and challenges,identify barriers to remove to accelerate scaled installations,and very importantly share the l
21、earnings of models and mechanisms to support accelerated scaling both in China and globally.And in the process,we advocate,identify,and promote the Top Runners to inspire the participation from all walks of life.3.The Accountability Assurance:to enhance traceability and transparency.We pay particula
22、r attention to ESG and sustainability reporting and disclosure at company-level,but also throughout supply chains.Led by IPE and World Green Design Organization,we are deploying a framework of reporting and disclosure and an initiative to advance sustainable supply chain,aiming to ensure that sustai
23、nability be put at heart in reshaping global industrial value chain and transformation be in alignment with the desired global clean revolution and nature positive solutions;and one particular focus is role of Chinese industrial leaders in this revolution.4.The Collaborative Partnerships:to join for
24、ces and more resources cross all sectors and all around the world to advance the global campaign and break the?fossil fuels.And we promote innovation of financial and investment models with accountability and aspire to mobilize sustainable financial flow to support the accelerated scaling of the sol
25、ar revolution.And here at COP28,we,together with all our partners,now and future,call for collective global action for such a committed and shared goal.?energy and?firm belief,as the cases made in our project and this report,?both its exponential deployment and its clean energy manufacturing industr
26、ial value chain can make its significant contribution to accelerate global clean energy transition.He Jijiang Ma Jun Wu Changhua Tsinghua University Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs World Green Design Organization -5-Reframe the Narrative:Through the Lens of Planetary Boundaries The COP
27、28 is overshadowed by continued collective failure of humanity to avoid a disastrous and devastating future when exceeding 1.5?of global warming.We know better than ever that our remai?for long.At current pace,it will run out in six to seven years.The first UN Global Stocktaking Report confirms,unfo
28、rtunately,that even if all the NDCs are implemented,the world will remain on the trajectory of 3?warming.With a total annual emission of 50 billion tons today,we are 20 billion tons/year emissions off the mark.But the problem goes much more complicated than simply carbon emissions.While there is no
29、atmospheric space left to safely add more GHGs,the most recent Planetary Boundary health check shows that the world cannot lose more intact nature or wild species,and the oceans are at or beyond biological carrying capacity.Nature absorbs roughly half of human-produced atmospheric carbon emissions,s
30、uch as oceans?absorbing 90%of heat and 25%of all carbon emissions,forests storing 15.6 billion tons of CO2 a year,soils containing 2,500 billion tons of carbon,and fungi capturing and storing over a third of global carbon emissions every year.Our crisis lies in the fact that humanity is hitting the
31、planetary ceiling and faces the risk of destabilizing the entire planet that undermines the livability for all humans on Earth.What further exacerbates the crisis is that six of the nine biophysical systems and processes that regulate the state of the planet have transgressed their boundary level ar
32、e outside of the safe operating space for humanity,according to Johan Rockstrom,a most-cited Earth System scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.And of the 16 large climate tipping points systems on Earth,four are likely to cross their tipping points at 1.5C of global warming
33、,which could trigger feedback that would accelerate warming even further and push planet Earth further away from the stable state that our civilization and our modern world rely on.The 2030 UN Agenda for sustainable development,adopted by all nations in 2015,draws a shared blueprint for peace and pr
34、osperity for people and the planet,now and into the future.And yet,the 2023 update delivers an even graver warning.The UN secretary-general warns us that?the?-6-670 million people are living in extreme poverty worldwide,putting the world on track to cut poverty by just 30%between 2015 and 2030.-An e
35、stimated 9.2%of the world population faced chronic hunger in 2022,up by 122 million from 2019.-In 2022,2,2 billion people still lacked safely managed drinking water,including 703 million without a basic water service.-Around 660 million people will still be without electricity in 2030 if current tre
36、nds continue.-Increasing reliance on natural resources has set the Earth on an unsustainable course,causing the triple crises of climate change,biodiversity loss and pollution.Scientifically,we now understand more of the bio-geo-chemical and physical strengths and weaknesses of how the land,atmosphe
37、re,oceans,and all life interact.Pragmatically,we have more clarity of the synergy and nexus of our food,water,energy,and health systems.Action-wise,we have a good handle on the pace and scale required to confront the urgency.Governments world-wide have committed to cutting emissions globally by near
38、ly half by 2030 and reach net-zero for the entire world economy by 2050;for nature,loss of species must be halted and the world back on a nature+trajectory by 2030;and,by 2030,we need to deliver most if not all SDGs.With the gaps to bridge clearly defined and articulated,the world is no longer in th
39、e realm of incremental and linear change.As Dr.Rockstrom often says,we need to bend the curves towards positive change and bring exponential change across sectors and geographies.It means that we have only two guiding principles to follow in the coming decades?acceleration and scaling transition to
40、sustainability.And our only chance of a safe climate landing is a unified approach where we simultaneously return to the safe space for all Planetary Boundaries,in particular the biosphere boundaries of biodiversity,land,and water.Redesign Transformative Change:China Climate Rethink Abandoning the r
41、oad of incremental and linear change is a daunting but courageous task.Such a pivot could incur tremendous social and economic costs that must be borne by the whole society.It requires a fundamental shift where innovations,new technologies,industrial value chains,new business models,structural chang
42、es in how cities and villages,mobility and buildings,energy,and food,as well as societies overall are designed,managed,and operated,are integrated,and aligned with principles of sustainability,circularity,equity,and resilience.And innovations,-7-solutions and investments must be embedded with regula
43、tions,policies,and pricing incentives to make sustainable choices feasible,accessible,easy to adopt and benefit all.In the backdrop of an incredibly challenging world plagued by distrust,geopolitical turbulence,shaky economics,and massive challenges just to uphold transparency,truth and democratic p
44、rinciples,China has embraced exponential transformation as its national strategic focus.And this attracts global attention and collaboration.China remains?and carbon emitter.With about one sixth of global population,its emissions account for one-third of the global total today.Though having already
45、made its commitments to the Paris Agreement to peak its emissions before 2030,the puzzle remains to be solved in terms of when and at what level its peak emissions will stand.On the other,the country has been making the largest stride ever in human history to accelerate its clean energy transition b
46、y not only leading but also supporting global deployment of clean energy solutions,such as solar and wind energy,as well as battery technology and EVs.Its rapid deployment of clean energy generation in 2023 has reached the scale projected in 1.5C scenarios.Maintaining annual additions of clean elect
47、ricity production capacity at the 2023 level or increasing them further will enable China to peak and decline its CO2 emissions in the coming years,according to the forecast of the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air and the Hensrich Boll Foundation.While facing new challenges?Firstly,China
48、has?2030-?core thread to pull an economy-wide systemic change,cross-region,cross-sector,and cross-value chain.As reflected in the?-year Plan(2021-2025)and its implementation midway review,China is overachieving in such objectives and targets in clean energy deployment,while facing hurdles in the pac
49、e of phasing down coal use.Secondly,China is uniquely positioned to lead the transformation of supply chains.It leads the?Energy Technology Perspectives 2023,China currently dominates the manufacturing and trade of?instrumental in bringing down costs worldwide for key technologies,with multiple bene
50、fits for clean energy transition.And when decarbonization is embedded at the core of the investment strategy,it becomes one of the biggest-ever opportunities of transformation.-8-Material production and technology manufacturing typically account for over 90%of the emissions.But China recycles more t
51、han 95%of nickel and lithium already.Some largest players on the market in clean energy technology OEM market have started to taken steps to invest in new technologies and value chain development to remove hurdles and pioneer both technological solutions and business models to close the loop,create
52、value through circularity,and enhance traceability-based accountability.Thirdly,acceleration of global alignment of standards has been adopted as a key strategy to enhance clean and green transition.China,in October 2022,set goals to build a standards system?to build a modernized,high-quality,and gl
53、obally leading economy by 2035.Its interim target is that,by 2025,China will align 85%of its domestic standards with global ones,on all fronts.And this provides a vehicle to bridge the differences of markets and facilitate trade flow and collaboration to accelerate scaling of sustainable solutions,p
54、roducts,and investments.And last but not the least,strengthening transparency and accountability has become a powerful instrument to drive transition.The progresses can be witnessed in the decade-long tracking of corporate climate information transparency from China?that decline of pollution and emi
55、ssion?And a strong case has been made that greening supply chain can create co-benefit for transition and emissions reduction.As part of efforts to shift towards net-zero and nature positive economy,Chinese regulators are mulling mandatory ESG disclosure for domestic public firms.Led by the Ministry
56、 of Environment?push to standardize and mandate ESG reporting for companies as it works to reach climate emissions and other environmental and nature conservation targets Reinvent the Foundation for Acceleration:Enabling Clean Energy Transition Three years ago,when Chinese policy makers set the 14th
57、 Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)targets for renewable energy development,there emerged the economy of scale in both domestic and international markets of renewable energy,and the dramatic cost reduction was achieved by the Chinese manufacturers,enabling an on-grid parity with the traditional fossil fuel p
58、ower in China and elsewhere.-9-While the?expectation back then was to add another 100 GW of solar capacity in 2023,the first 10 months has witnessed a total of 142.5 GW installed,bringing it to nearly 540 GW of cumulative installed PV capacity by the end of the October.From per capita perspective,it
59、 is about 0.4 kW.Putting such dramatic increase against the existing committed 1,200 GW of solar and wind energy installations by 2030,the picture becomes clear that 1)China is sure to overachieve its set targets by at least five years ahead of the timeline,and if momentum stays,its emissions peakin
60、g shall be around the corner and then quickly start to decline;and 2)acceleration and scaling solar energy deployment is the most cost-effective option,and the success of accelerated transition to sustainability demands global industrial value chain partnership and collaboration in a spirit of unity
61、,solidarity and universality.There are a few planned actions in the?Development,released by the State Council on May 30th,2022,that have laid down solid foundation in China to enable the acceleration:-Promote the development of distributed wind and rooftop solar PV in rural areas to form new energy
62、cooperatives as new rural energy development entities,in a similar manner as rural agricultural cooperatives,making rural areas not only as source of food supply but also source of clean energy supply.-Promote the application of solar PV and wind technologies in industrial estates and industrial par
63、ks in the form of green energy microgrids and promote solar PV and solar heating in all buildings,including achieving 50%PV coverage in all new public buildings by 2025.-Launch green electricity trading pilots;improve green electricity certificates and promote trading of such certificates with effec
64、tive connection to the carbon emissions trading scheme;and encourage consumers to purchase manufactured products powered by green electricity.-Upgrade power distribution system capability to absorb distributed power source by turning it smarter and more interactive,and experiment with renewable-base
65、d DC power distribution system.-?-?-Strengthen the support of green bonds and green credits for renewable project development,under the condition that risks are manageable,and under the same risk management conditions;and allow banks to provide loans to renewable project development against their un
66、paid over-due subsidies from the government.-10-Today,China is among a small number of nations where rising power demand has been met largely by renewable energy.The IEA states that average annual solar generation growth of 25%in the period 2022-2030 is needed for the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scen
67、ario within reach.As?exponential solar energy growth is well aligned with this scenario.Reimagine Value Creation:Unleashing the Power of?On June 1st,2022?-?-year plan for Renewable Energy Development,not conventionally by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)and its National Energy Ad
68、ministration(NEA),but jointly by 9 ministries and agencies.The purpose is simple-to sync up actions and resources and propel the new phase of scaling renewable energy?Illustrative Targets for Renewable Energy Development,2021-2025 Two sets of targets merit particular attention:-Renewables are set to
69、 take more than 50%share in both incremental energy demand and incremental electricity demand during 2021-2025;and,-Renewables power absorption quota was introduced,for the first time,during an official?-11-within its jurisdiction.Such a top-down command-and-control tool is expected to push local au
70、thorities to absorb more renewables in their power consumption portfolio.Now,China drives a full-flung promotion of distributed solar PV installations.-Promote PV installations at industrial parks,economic zones,and public buildings.-Urban rooftop solar program:increase PV coverage of existing roofs
71、,with at least 50%of new roofs in industrial zones and public buildings mandated to be equipped with solar PVs by 2025.-Rural PV program:build 1,000 solar PV villages by 2025.-?farms,railways,highways,EV charging stations,highway service stations,5G base stations and data centres.-Develop new patter
72、ns of renewable energy utilization with new business models,supported by new professional services.But,to achieve the desired pace and scale still requires overcoming many hurdles and putting in place the policies to incentivize investment in systemic transition.The China Campaign pays particular at
73、tention to a few on-the-ground hurdles to break?1)the constraints of land and space;2)how to turn solar energy into a leapfrogging opportunity and a key lever that addresses social,economic,and environmental challenges in an integrated manner,particularly to deliver the SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda;an
74、d 3)new governance model in rural China,particularly around how to ensure local communities harvest their due benefits in the transition.More policy-enabled opportunities have emerged from?-S.23:Develop rural infrastructure in key regions,promote rural solar energy,biomass,and other clean energy dep
75、loyment.-S.16:Sustain to advance the integrated development of agricultural,industrial,and tertiary industries.And another is the NDRC?Implementation Plan of Promoting High-Quality New Energy Development in the New Era,which puts emphasis on integrating new energy development with rural revitalizati
76、on,nurturing rural energy cooperatives as new market entities,encouraging rural collectives to use collectively-managed land reserves,as well as roof-tops,as collaterals for new -12-energy projects,and encouraging financial institutions and companies to provide innovative products and services for f
77、armers/households and collectives to invest in new clean energy projects.Reset the Ambition:1kW Per Capita Solar Installations by 2030 The recent US-China joint statement from the APEC Summit calls for doubling energy efficiency and tripling renewable energy by 2030.Such a call,a progressive step fo
78、rward,seems well-echoed and embraced by global business community and many other stakeholders.We cheer up for such consensus and progress of unified actions,and yet,we believe the level of ambition could be higher.Not only are we making the case in China that the higher ambition is feasible,but also
79、,when designed and implemented with synergy and co-benefits of other SDGs,the case becomes stronger that accelerated transition to sustainability is on its way.Today,solar PV is becoming the lowest-cost option for new electricity generation in most of the world.The global total solar installations s
80、tand at just above one TW,but growth climbs quickly.When averaged by the 8 billion citizens on this planet,that stands at about 0.125 kW per capita.The China Campaign of 1kW per capita solar installations by 2030,under the national flagship plan to scale deployment of solar energy,provides the evide
81、nce and proof that,by 2030,achieving a global per capita 1 kW solar installations,possible and feasible,generates other SDGs co-benefits.As UN 2019 SDG Report stated:The Future Is Now,the most efficient?or sometimes the only?way to make progress on a given SDG target is to take advantage of positive
82、 synergies with other targets while resolving or ameliorating the negative trade-offs with yet others.For China,to achieve 1kW per capita solar installations means that the total installed capacity shall reach 1,400 GW by 2030.?systemic transformation,synergistic SDG co-benefits and nature positive
83、trajectory.We are now?China Campaign.-13-Renavigate the Solar+Transition:The Cases Made The China Campaign has explored and developed a socio-economic impact model that fits the purpose of SDGs.It contains four key interconnected modules that drive system changes at scale in China,which forms the co
84、re pillars of case studies of the Campaign,besides data and evidence presentation,as illustrated below:The first is?1k?intervention point to enable transformation of rural development.It emphasizes the opportunities in urban and rural interaction and coordination,decarbonization-driven growth,?water
85、 and green mountains are mountains of gold?The Campaign makes an endeavor to align actions with this goal,such as retrofitting a house with clean heating,building charging infrastructure for electric mobility,strengthening a village energy service station,upgrading a village youngster development ce
86、nter to protecting an acre of arable?and operation purpose,including village tourism,village restaurants using electric stoves,agricultural electrification,agricultural processing electrification,while attracting industrial investment to village that helps expand use of green electricity.Since the c
87、ost of solar power generation during the daytime is much lower than the grid electricity price,the increased green power use locally means villages and farmers benefit more from solar power generation.The second is?Blended Finance and Shared?.Three investment models have been applied and tested for
88、their feasibility,including:1)Rooftop leasing to a company?In this case,farmers bear no investment risk while capturing such benefits as a)leasing fees or free electricity;Blended finance and shared benefitsSolar CollectivesSolar+Internet+-14-b)building performance and functions are elevated;c)impro
89、ving household living quality with household appliances free-of-charge;2)Farmer household direct investment;and 3)Farmer household getting a loan to self-build-this could also be organized by establishing the Rural Energy Collectives when farmers can become shareholders either using their rooftops a
90、s?repair and maintaining services,and selling green electricity.The third is?.The Campaign organizes the endeavor clustered around the existing rural collectives as the venue and agency to advance the projects to ensure that each member of the collectives embracing the project concept and actively p
91、artake the project.The collectives raise money to invest in solar projects and are awarded with long-term benefits correspondingly.For those villages that use large amount of electricity and have strong grid connection and absorption capacity,the collectives take charge to get all rooftops ready?non
92、-arable land,for building more solar energy projects,and thus are awarded with better investment returns.And the fourth is the?green electricity trading.Enabled by continued?more effectively and efficiently.The model integrates distributed solar power generation,electric mobility system,demand-respo
93、nse and flexible systems,and clean heating system into the trading platform to deliver impact of scale.In the last two years,the Tsinghua University research center team has been leading the navigation and field study of rural energy transition around the country.All the field trips add up to:-June-
94、September 2022:field investigations of a total of 19 projects in 30 counties and cities in Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Gansu,Xinjiang,and Qinghai-December-February 2023:field investigations of 15 projects in Jiangsu,Guangdong,and Hebei-May-June 2023:field investigations of 20 village projects alo
95、ng the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal by cycling-September-November 2023:piloting projects of Solar+Heat Pump in the Dongmen Village,Shandan County of Zhangye City,Gansu Province.-15-In the meantime,the team has been collecting cases from 18 net-zero-carbon villages in field study.The team and its exp
96、ert partners conducted some further review and assessment of those cases.In the end,10 are selected,as covered in this first-ever Report to share with global community of our learnings and more importantly calling for more global partners to join forces for acceleration and scaling the clean energy
97、transition.Case Location Key Features#1:a zero-carbon village Menghe Village?Pingxiang Town of Tongwei County,Gansu Province Village-scale distributed solar energy project#2:clean energy revolution Lankao County,Henan Province Solar+wind+waste-to-energy+straw/bio power generation#3:zero-carbon trans
98、ition Haining City,Zhejiang Province A top runner exceeding 1kW per capita target;village-scale solar+agriculture$4:an integrated smart energy system Meixi Town,Anji County of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Solar+fishery,energy storage and car charging#5:solar+pastoral Gaole Gacha Village,Chuanjing Sumu
99、,Inner Mongolia Innovative investment model of cooperative+herders+enterprise#6:clean heating Nanchang Village,Quwo County,Linfen City,Shaanxi Province Coal to electrification for heating$7:the PEDF system Zhuangshang Village,Ruicheng,Shanxi Province An integrated clean energy systemic change#8:sola
100、r project county-wide Qunwei Village,Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province A top runner exceeding the taret;County-scale clean energy transition#9:solar project county-level?Zhejiang Province A top runner exceeding the target;county-scale solar energy revolution#10:a zero-carbon village Dongm
101、en Village,Shandan County,Gansu Province Rural energy revolution plan -16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-Redraw the Transition Landscape:The Solar Map Good quality of data,openness of data,and easily accessible and understandable data are some of the defining contributions to enable clean energy tran
102、sition.When designed and executed well,they can:-Help decision-makers make informed confident decisions and deliver efficient and productive outcomes.-Inspire actions and higher ambitions.-Create opportunity of cooperation.-Help assure accountability and credibility.-Build and strengthen trust and r
103、espect.And they help form solid foundation to broaden collaboration and partnership and converge the resources and talents required to act together for the shared goals and objectives.The Blue Map of China is a flagship digital product of IPE,a leading non-for-profit organization in China dedicated
104、to deploying digital tools and instruments to raise public awareness,inspire public participation,and drive corporate actions for transition that is green,clean,smart,just,and sustainable,with accountability and transparency.The expertise and experiences born from the Blue Map development and operat
105、ion provides the digital foundation for this Campaign.Led by IPE,the Solar Map is designated as the flagship?(https:/ select Climate/Energy button to visit the Solar Map project).While the digital Solar Map continues to be developed with more functions,including interactive ones,built into the platf
106、orm,our goals and objectives are four-folded:-Make the progresses visible and accountability transparent.-Support peer learning and joint actions.-Inspire innovation and leadership.-And co-create market opportunity.-27-28-The Solar Map Sitemap:An important fit-for-purpose design of the Solar Map is
107、to identify and present good practices of?-?of data:1.?name and installed capacity of a total of more than 59,000 such projects,centralized and distributed.Sources:Global Energy Monitor,China State Grid,and other relevant sources.-29-2.Cases:The Solar Map pays particular attention to cases to tell a
108、 data-and evidence-based real-?studies done by the team,but also gathered from other sources,including government documents,media coverage,and partners.-30-31-32-3.Top Runners of Cities and Counties that have achieved the target of 1kW per capita solar installations.Sources:from government documents
109、 and media coverage.In the meantime,the Solar Map records global/Chinese solar installations progress,including?generation.Sources from Ember Global Electricity Review,the World Bank,China State Statistical Bureau,China National Energy Administration,and others.Quarterly cumulative PV grid-connected
110、 capacity in China -33-Cumulative PV installations(global/China)Annual PV generation(global/China)-34-Installed PV per capita(global/China)PV generation per capita(global/China)The data and evidence presented by the Solar Map tell a story of some exciting but also challenging trends of global solar
111、energy revolution:-35-?off much earlier than the rest of the world,their per capita solar installations and power?lready exceeded the 1kW line and it becomes the first country on this Planet to achieve the?solar installation and per capita keep a rapid growth moment,which also demonstrates?solar res
112、ources,they lag other regions and their clean energy demand is tremendous.-In China,besides solar power generation,the revolution has generated great co-benefits and positive synergy among economy,ecology,and society at large,thus contributing to the country to deliver its SDGs.For instance,large sc
113、ale deployment of solar energy system has been witnessed in deserts,barren land,alkaline-ridden land,abandoned mines,and mudflats.Those centralized solar power stations generate green electricity while providing land remediation and ecosystems recovery opportunity and benefits.?convincing case that
114、rapid scaling of solar installations can bring multiple benefits to local economy,local communities,and local livelihoods,when solar project is designed,built,and operated together with food and agriculture,fishery and husbandry,as well as forestry,land,and other nature positive solutions.Distribute
115、d solar projects,on the other land,deployed in remote,poverty-ridden regions,now enjoy not only green power but better infrastructure,livelihoods and services like schools and clinics,powered by solar energy?offer invaluable cases for other developing countries.-With increasing data and cases includ
116、ed in the Solar Map,the Big Data platform is expected to create more insightful trends and practices to help accelerate the clean revolution.The Solar Map team continues to build the digital system and plans to enhance two more functions?perspective,as part of our bigger agenda to drive transformati
117、on of supply chains;and 2)knowledge database to showcase more insights on related laws,regulations and technical standards.We call for global partners to join the Solar Map and our Global Campaign.Please feel free to drop us your message to get connected and explore how to work together.Redefine A S
118、hared Better Future:The Pathway Forward -36-Worldwide,the rapid growth of solar and wind generation so far shows that an accelerated clean?.Today,carbon-free electricity has never been more plentiful.Wind and solar power has taken off over the past two decades,faster than experts?-and gas-burning ge
119、neration.Financing wind and solar projects remain a challenge for developing countries.According to expert from IEA,when you look at lifecycle costs,renewables are by far more cost-competitive than any fossil-fueled generation,but the upfront cost is a barrier.When we call for collective global move
120、ment of a solar clean energy revolution,China is gearing its effort forward and making steadfast stride towards achieving 2kW per capita solar installations by 2030.An academic research model forecasts that,for China to achieve carbon neutrality,its per capita solar installations shall get to a leve
121、l of 7kW per person,when the average per capita electricity consumption will reach 15,000 kWh annually,50-60%of which from solar energy.And it will need 100,000 square kilometers of land to install the PVs,equivalent to the size of the Zhejiang Province.As demonstrated by the China Campaign,?how to
122、remove those hurdles on the way forward.Its unified objective to make rural regions a clean energy producer in addition to their current role as a food supplier is backing up a clean,green,and smart revolution.Such a revolution helps to overcome the barriers to the clean energy investment and access
123、ibility and creates socio-economic value-?recovering,renewing,and regenerating ecological health and values.Today,a third of Chinese population still reside in rural areas.Over the last few decades,its?a of providing universal access to electricity.China was the only large developing country that ha
124、d achieved this UN MDGs by 2015.The current 14th Five-Year Plan on Modern Energy System in implementation,for the first time,has one entire chapter dedicated to rural energy,which has repositioned rural areas as sources of clean energy of a modern energy system that rides the wave to synchronize the
125、 dramatic cost reduction of renewables and immensity of rural areas.At this moment,four vast and massive programs are undertaken across China,representing such a visionary shift:-Comprehensive use of biomass resources?Different technologies are being deployed to turn over one billion tons of crop st
126、raws and 3.8 billion tons of animal wastes into solid granules,biogas,bioethanol,or electricity.-37-Solar PV?An NEA-?-?deployment supported by government authorities.County participation must comply with the rooftop covered by solar PVs-1)at least 50%of their office buildings;2)40%of schools and hos
127、pitals;3)30%of commercial and industrial buildings;and 4)20%of residentials buildings.By September 2021(the first year of the 14th FYP),there were 675 out of the total of 2,860 counties in the country that had decided to join the program.-Integrated heating solutions?Winter heating solutions for rur
128、al residential buildings remain in flux,but energy saving,and clean energy options are broadly tried out,including building insulation,solar water heaters,passive solar houses,heat pumps and electric energy storage facilities.-Integrated electricity solutions?Zero carbon microgrids are piloted in ru
129、ral communities to provide daily electricity needs,plus heat-pump for heating,and electrified mobility with e-scouters or EVs,as well as digital technologies to optimize the system operation.?merely providing clean cooking fuels and improving access to electricity to being part of a much larger ambi
130、tion to uplift quality of life in villages,create new revenue opportunities,curb local pollution,recover and regenerate natural values,and make rural areas more livable and enjoyable than bigger cities.At the?China and bring on board more partners and champions?green,nature positive,and smart revolu
131、tion with solar energy.The further developed Solar Map is expected to become a key platform and vehicle to connect us all from around the world for collective actions and closer partnerships.In China,we have launched our call for actions,and governments,businesses,NGOs,academics,and individual citiz
132、ens are becoming part of the accelerated clean and nature positive revolution.While our overarching goal is to achieve 1kW per capita solar installation,the Campaign is converging all stakeholders,expertise,and resources on this pathway forward for a better and shared future.Everyone could help turn
133、 the 1kW target into a reality by helping build it,invest in it,display it,donate for it,and advocate it.We are advancing our Campaign by calling for:-A group of top-runner counties,towns,and villages to take the lead and get there by 2025.-A group of top-runner towns and villages to lead to achieve
134、 10kW per household by 2030.-38-Top-runner companies and financial institutions to lead both investment and innovation in financing and business model to contribute to sustainability.-Individual citizens to participate in the Campaign.This is an inspiring,delightful,and fulfilling journey.Collective
135、ly and collaboratively,we can redefine a pathway forward.The core mission now is acceleration and scaling transition to sustainability for all lives on this Planet.-39-References:1.?Xavier Chen,Wu Changhua,Zhai Yongping,Institute of Energy of Beijing University and Beijing Energy Club,2023 2.What th
136、e Latest Health Check Tells Us About the State of Our Planet,Time,Johan Rockstrom,University of Potsdam,and Institute for Climate Impact Research,2023 3.Advancing Sustainable Industrial Value Chain,World Economic Forum Briefing Paper(not public yet),Wu Changhua and Ma Jun,Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs,2023 4.I Contact us:He Jijiang, Ma Jun, Wu Changhua,wu_