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1、 Chairman Heizo Takenaka Professor, Toyo University Professor Emeritus, Keio University Chairman, Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation 委員長竹中 平蔵 東洋大学 教授 慶應義塾大学 名誉教授 森記念財団都市戦略研究所 所長 Hiroo Ichikawa Professor Emeritus, Meiji University Executive Director, The Mori Memorial Founda
2、tion 市川 宏雄 明治大学 名誉教授 森記念財団 理事 Principal Advisor Sir Peter Hall (1932-2014) Professor, University College London 最高顧問 卿 (1932-2014) 教授 Allen J. Scott Distinguished Research Professor, University of California, Los Angeles J 大学 校 特別研究教授 Andrs Rodrguez-Pose Professor, London School of Economics 教授 Heng
3、 Chye Kiang Lum Chang Chair Professor, National University of Singapore 王才強 国立大学 教授 Principal : Hiroo Ichikawa Member : Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation 主査 : 市川 宏雄 : 株式会社三菱総合研究所 一般財団法人森記念財団 都市戦略研究所 Saskia Sassen Robert S. Lynd Professor
4、, Columbia University 大学 教授 Peter Nijkamp Research Coordinator, Jheronimus Academy of Data Science Professor, University of Iasi 研究 大学 教授 研究 大学 教授 Richard Bender Professor and Dean Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley 大学 校 名誉教授学部長 Michael Batty CBE Professor, University College London 教授 Wha
5、t is the GPCI? 世界都市総合力 Executive Committee実行委員会 Peer Reviewers Working Committee作業委員会 What is the GPCI? 。GPCI、 世界主要都市 総合力 経済、 研究 開発、 文化 交流、 居住、 環境、 交通 6分野複眼的評価、 順位付 。 2008年毎年発表本、 都市研究関世界的権威故 卿最高顧問招、 分野 国際的第一人者構成実 行委員会監修下、 作業委員会具体的分 析行。作成過程 結果妥当性、第三者評価員 評価検証受。 GPCI、 都市取巻状況変化対応 、 指標収集方法継続的改良 努、GPCI-20
6、18、働方多様 化、 地球環境問題 意識高関連指標新追加。 本年結果加、 過去11年間蓄 積、 今後多人都市政策 企業戦略立案役立期待。 results, two third-party peer reviewers validate the contents and provide suggestions for improvement. The GPCIs indicators and data collection methods are routinely reviewed and improved in order to reflect the changing circumstan
7、ces surrounding global cities. In GPCI-2018, indicators were added that cover changes in new working styles, the rise of startups, and global environmental issues. It is hoped that in addition to this years results, the past 11 years of data will also continue to be of use to various individuals for
8、 planning urban policy and corporate strategy. 世 界都市総合力 (Global Power City Index, GPCI) 、 国際 的都市間競争、 人企業惹 “磁力”、 都市有総合的力 生出考基作成 G iven the global competition between cities, the Global Power City Index (GPCI) evaluates and ranks the major cities of the world according to their “magnetism,” or their c
9、omprehensive power to attract people, capital, and enterprises from around the world. It does so through measuring 6 functions Economy, Research and Development, Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment, and Accessibilityproviding a multidimensional ranking. Originally formulated with input fro
10、m the late Sir Peter Hall, an authority in the urban research field, and published every year since 2008, this ranking is created through the direction of the Executive Committee, comprised of various experts in different fields, while the Working Committee oversees concrete data analysis. In order
11、to ensure the impartiality of the ranking process and 1 Methodology 作成方法 Market Size 市場規模 Market Attractiveness 市場魅力 Economic Vitality 経済集積 Human Capital 人的集積 Business Environment 環境 GDP 1人GDP GDP成長率 経済自由度 証券取引所株式時価総額 世界500企業 従業者数 人材多 賃金水準高 優秀人材確保容易性 充実度 法人税率低 政治経済商機 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 No
12、minal GDP GDP per Capita GDP Growth Rate Economic Freedom Market Capitalization of Stock Exchanges Worlds Top 500 Companies Total Employment Employees in Business Support Services Wage Level Availability of Skilled Human Resources Variety of Workplace Options Corporate Tax Rate Political, Economic a
13、nd Business Risk 経済 Economy Ease of Doing Business 容易性 Trendsetting Potential 交流文化発信力 Cultural Resources 文化資源 Facilities for Visitors 集客施設 Attractiveness to Visitors 受入環境 International Interaction 外国人受入実績 国際件数 世界的文化件数 輸出額 創作環境 世界遺産近接性 歴史伝統接触機会 劇場数 美術館博物館数 数 客室数 総数 買物魅力 食事魅力 外国人居住者数 外国人訪問者数 留学生数 Numb
14、er of International Conferences Number of World-Class Cultural Events Cultural Content Export Value Environment of Creative Activities Proximity to World Heritage Sites Cultural Interaction Opportunities Number of Theaters and Concert Halls Number of Museums Number of Stadiums Number of Luxury Hotel
15、 Guest Rooms Number of Hotels Attractiveness of Shopping Options Attractiveness of Dining Options Number of Foreign Residents Number of Foreign Visitors Number of International Students 文化交流 Cultural Interaction 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Academic Resources 研究集積 Research Backgro
16、und 研究環境 Innovation 研究開発 R Paris is rated the best in Number of Museums; and Singapore gains the highest score for Number of International Conferences. Cities in Asia and the Middle-East boast a high number of facilities supporting visitors, evident from the indicators Number of Luxury Hotel Guest R
17、ooms and Number of Hotels in which 8 of the top 10 cities are located in these regions. The figure below shows that Tokyo and Paris have many hotels but are lacking in Number of Luxury Hotel Guest Rooms when compared to London and New York. Contrarily, Singapore, Dubai and Shanghai are rich in facil
18、ities that cater to higher-income visitors. 文 化交流分野上位総合 上位都市数多入、 特5構成同。、 各都市強異。文化 交流分野16指標、13指標5入 圧倒的強誇、世界的文 化件数 歴史伝統接触機会 指標評価特高。 創作環境 劇場 数 、 東京 買物魅力 食事魅 力 、 美術館博物館数 、 国際件数 全都市中 評価得。 都市中東都市観光客受入 施設数多、 客室数 総数 108都市地域都市占 。 下図、 東京数多、 比較 客室数不足。一 方、 、 、 上海富裕層宿 泊先供給十分 見取。 600 800 1,000 hotels 軒rooms 室 0 2
19、00 400 15,000 20,000 25,000 0 5,000 10,000 London New York Tokyo Paris Singapore Amsterdam Shanghai Beijing Kuala Lumpur Jakarta Seoul Berlin Hong Kong Sydney Bangkok Dubai Number of Hotels and Number of Luxury Hotel Guest Rooms 総数 客室数 Left : Number of Hotels / 左軸 : 総数 Right : Number of Luxury Hotel
20、 Guest Rooms / 右軸 : 客室数 14 T he GPCIs most livable cities continue to be represented primarily by those found in Europe, which consistently score high for Employee Life Satisfaction, Social Freedom and Equality, and Number of Medical Doctors. Meanwhile, two Canadian cities rank in the top 10 for GPC
21、I-2018, as Toronto moves up to #3, and Vancouver rises to #7 due to improve- ments in Total Working Hours, Employee Life Satisfaction, and Price Level. Tokyo (#9) is the only city from Asia within the top 10, thanks to improvements in a few indicators, such as Total Working Hours where it rose from
22、#34 to #22. Housing Rent and Price Level are two key weaknesses for many cities ranked high in the comprehensive ranking. For example, the top 5 cities London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Singapore all rank at #30 or lower for both indicators. Amid global competition to attract business and talent,
23、ensuring that potential residents have access to a sufficient Wage Level and can afford adequate housing is an important factor for cities to consider. Several cities do provide a more balanced ratio between Housing Rent and Wage Level Shanghai, Seoul, Tokyo, for example. Cities facing an affordabil
24、ity challenge include Singapore and Hong Kong, which hold some of the highest housing rents among GPCI cities, while also offering comparatively lower wages. 居 住分野上位例年通、 従業員生 活満足度 社会自由度 平等 、医 師数 高評価得都市大半 占。他 総労働時間短 従業員生活満 足度 、 物価水準低 評価上、 3位、7位順位上10入。 東京 (9位) 総労働時間短 34 位22位大幅改善見、 都市 唯一居住分野10位以内入。 住宅賃
25、料水準低 物価水準低 総合上位都市弱指標 、 例、 、 東京、 、 5都市指標 30位以下。、 人材 巡世界的都市間競争、居住者 支出 賃金水準高 享 受重要。上海、 、東京都市賃金水準住宅賃 料水準程度確保 言、 香港GPCI対象都市 中最高住宅賃料水準賃 金水準比較的低、 住宅 課題言。 Housing Rent and Wage Level 住宅賃料水準賃金水準 Livability 居住 Function-Specific: Livability Berlin Amsterdam Toronto Barcelona Madrid Frankfurt Vancouver Vienna T
26、okyo Stockholm London Paris Zurich Copenhagen Sydney Fukuoka Osaka Kuala Lumpur Milan Geneva Brussels Singapore Dubai Buenos Aires Seoul Bangkok Hong Kong New York Los Angeles Shanghai Moscow San Francisco Sao Paulo Beijing Istanbul Boston Mexico City Taipei Jakarta Cairo Mumbai Chicago Washington,
27、DC Johannesburg 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44201.4 44 259.0 43 264.9 40 266.7 41 279.9 39 283.1 30 288.6 42 291.1 35 292.4 33 293.1 37 294.2 32 295.9 29 299.5 25 302.2 24 302.9 38 304.9 23 306.4 34 306.5 36
28、311.2 27 312.9 22 315.3 26 316.7 31 320.2 28 322.7 20 328.5 21 333.9 12 336.0 18 341.0 19 342.1 13 344.0 16 349.6 10 350.9 15 351.3 7 352.8 17 357.0 3 358.5 14 363.6 4 365.7 9 366.1 5 368.0 8 368.9 6 369.2 11 369.2 2 384.5 1 Numbers in are ranks from the GPCI-2017 内数値GPCI-2017 180 160 140 120 100 80
29、 60 40 20 0 Wage Level 賃金水準 ShanghaiShanghai BeijingBeijing SeoulSeoul BerlinBerlin SydneySydney ParisParis DubaiDubai Washington, DCWashington, DC New YorkNew York Hong KongHong Kong SingaporeSingapore 05001,5001,0002,0003,0002,5003,5004,5004,000 LondonLondon AmsterdamAmsterdam TokyoTokyo San Franc
30、iscoSan Francisco BostonBoston Housing Rent 住宅賃料水準 NY=100 USD / month 米 / 月 15 Environment 環境 Function-Specific: Environment Stockholm Zurich Copenhagen Sydney San Francisco Vienna Geneva Vancouver Berlin Washington, DC Frankfurt Amsterdam Singapore Taipei Madrid Toronto Boston Chicago London Brusse
31、ls Paris Los Angeles Sao Paulo Fukuoka New York Barcelona Seoul Milan Tokyo Buenos Aires Johannesburg Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Mexico City Osaka Bangkok Jakarta Dubai Moscow Istanbul Mumbai Cairo Shanghai Beijing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
32、 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4458.4 43 65.0 41 77.9 42 96.3 37 96.9 40 107.3 44 117.9 39 123.5 38 125.6 32 128.6 31 138.3 36 141.6 25 145.4 18 148.5 35 149.8 34 152.0 12 162.6 20 163.9 27 164.8 23 167.4 30 168.0 21 168.1 14 168.4 22 169.6 28 175.6 24 176.3 7 177.3 33 177.7 29 178.6 26 182.3 19 182
33、.5 15 184.2 3 185.1 13 191.9 1 193.1 16 195.0 11 196.1 10 198.6 4 205.5 6 213.6 17 216.7 9 223.5 8 236.9 2 242.5 5 Numbers in are ranks from the GPCI-2017 内数値GPCI-2017 E uropean cities with traditionally strong results in Water Quality, Green Coverage and air quality indicators such as CO2 Emissions
34、, perform well in this function with Stockholm, Zurich, and Copenhagen reaching the top 3, and Vienna, Geneva, and Berlin featuring in the top 10. These cities also score much higher in Renewable Energy Rate when compared to major North American and Asian cities. However, North American cities do ma
35、ke gains due to their Commitment to Climate Action, with the American cities San Francisco (#5) and Washington, DC (#10) entering the top 10 for the first time. As climate change is of growing importance for the global agenda, the future conditions and targets that global cities are striving to meet
36、 are also important components when measuring their environmental performance. Commitment to Climate Action evaluates a citys policy toward tackling climate change through municipal action and international cooperation. Overall, European and North American cities are more engaged in interna- tional
37、climate change commitments at the sub-national level, while cities from Asia show less participation. This is evident when looking at the GPCI overall top 5, where London (#11), New York (#14), and Paris (#4) show positive results in this indicator, but Tokyo (#28) and Singapore (#30) suffer. 環 境分野
38、水質良好性 都心部 緑被状況 、 CO2排出量少 大気質関指標強 都市例年評価高、 今年 、 3、 、 、 10 。、 都市 再生 可能比率 北米都市 都市高評価得。一方、 北米 都市 環境取組 高評価理由 DC 10入。 世界的気候変動意識高、 都市掲施策目標重要性 年増。 環境取組 、環 境対都市独自国際的取組 参加評価、 都市北米 都市都市環境意識高一方、 都市低。総合 5都市見、 (11位) 、 (14位) 、 (4位) 指標 高評価得一方、 東京 (28位) (30位) 評価低、 傾向顕著 。 30 40 50 0 10 20 80 90 100 60 70 1. Stockholm
39、 1. San Francisco 11. London 14. New York 28. Tokyo 30. Singapore 3. Zurich 4. Paris 4. Copenhagen 6. Sydney 6. Chicago 6. Washington, DC score Commitment to Climate Action 環境取組 16 Accessibility 交通 Function-Specific: Accessibility Paris London New York Shanghai Tokyo Amsterdam Frankfurt Hong Kong Si
40、ngapore Seoul Chicago Dubai Istanbul Moscow Barcelona Madrid Kuala Lumpur Osaka Milan Brussels Beijing Copenhagen Taipei Washington, DC Vienna Toronto Stockholm Boston Berlin Los Angeles Zurich Sydney Bangkok Fukuoka San Francisco Vancouver Geneva Buenos Aires Sao Paulo Mexico City Johannesburg Cair
41、o Jakarta Mumbai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4471.8 42 94.6 40 102.8 39 106.9 44 107.7 35 109.9 43 113.8 36 115.9 41 123.5 38 134.7 33 136.3 37 138.0 20 138.4 32 139.5 34 146.7 22 149.1 29 152.1 25 153.8 31 1
42、57.9 24 159.4 27 159.7 21 162.5 19 162.9 23 163.3 15 163.6 18 165.1 26 166.7 28 169.3 30 173.0 17 177.3 16 183.5 12 185.1 11 189.0 13 192.0 14 207.4 10 208.4 9 213.2 5 219.3 8 227.5 7 228.4 6 229.2 3 229.4 4 251.8 2 254.1 1 Numbers in are ranks from the GPCI-2017 内数値GPCI-2017 P aris and London lead
43、in Accessibility due to their well-developed international connectivity, with high scores for Cities with Direct International Flights, and Number of Air Passengers. Tokyo also receives a large number of air passengers, though it shows a slight weakness in the number of Cities with Direct Internatio
44、nal Flights. Similar to Paris and London, Amsterdam and Frankfurt are well-connected to international cities through direct flights, but also provide short Travel Time to International Airports as well. Major Asian port cities and commercial hubs Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Seoul all return
45、top 10 results in International Freight Flows. Regarding mobility within a city, Traffic Congestion can heavily influence travel time and punctuality. European cities such as Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Madrid finish strongly in the top 5, while aside from Osaka, Tokyo, and Fukuoka, most Asian cities
46、 return lower scores. London, which is #1 in the com- prehensive ranking, is still ranked #32 in Traffic Congestion, despite strong scores for Public Transportation Coverage and Punctuality, showing there is room for improvement. 交 通 分野、 国 際線直行便就航都市数 国内国際 線旅客数 国際良評価 1位、2位座維持。東京 旅客数多、 国際線直行便就航都市数 課題。
47、同様、 直行便就航都市 恵、 加 国際空港 時間短 評価高、 優国際 強。、 主要湾 岸都市商業上海、 香港、 、 国際貨物流通規模 10。 渋滞少 、都市内移動所要 時間正確性大左右要素。 、 都市指標5入 、 都市大阪、 東京、 福岡 評価低。総合 、公共交通充実正確 評価高 渋滞少 32位大課題 。 35030025020015010050 2. Paris 19. New York 24. Beijing 26. Tokyo 27. Shanghai 1. London 4. Istanbul 3. Frankfurt 5. Dubai 6. Amsterdam 10. Hong Ko
48、ng 14. Singapore 12. Seoul 320 255 240 230 226 224 146 143 139 122 107 102 98 0 cities 都市 Cities with Direct International Flights 国際線直行便就航都市数 17 観光客 Visitor 生活者 Resident Artist 経営者 Manager 研究者 Researcher Accumulation of Businesses Business Potential Ease of Doing Business Business Environment Human
49、 Resources Business Support Industries Livability for Employees External Risks 企業商取引集積 成長性 容易性 環境 人材豊富 産業集積 従業員生活環境 外的 Cultural Stimulation Accumulation of Artists Art Markets Studio Spaces Living Convenience 文化的刺激 集積 存在 環境 住 Cultural Attractiveness Public Safety Tourist Attractions Luxury Hotels Dining Shopping Mobility 文化的魅力 安全 観光地文化 食事選択肢 買物選択肢 移動利便性 P