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1、1 中国制冷剂替代技术开发与展望中国制冷剂替代技术开发与展望 Development and Prospects of Alternative Refrigerants in China 1 中国制冷空调工业协会中国制冷空调工业协会 China Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association(CRAA)张朝晖张朝晖Zhang Zhaohui August 8,2023 2 主要内容主要内容Contents 3 未来替代技术发展展望未来替代技术发展展望Prospect of alternative technologies 1 节能
2、环保是行业发展主流方向节能环保是行业发展主流方向Energy saving and environmental protection is the mainstream development direction of the industry 2 中国绿色高效替代技术开发与推广中国绿色高效替代技术开发与推广Development and promotion of green and efficient alternative technologies in China 3 随着随着蒙特利尔议定书蒙特利尔议定书履约进程的发展,绝大部分的消耗臭氧层物质(履约进程的发展,绝大部分的消耗臭氧层物质(
3、ODS)已被淘汰(按已被淘汰(按ODP计),气候变暖正成为全球当前面临的首要环境问题。计),气候变暖正成为全球当前面临的首要环境问题。With the implementation of the Montreal Protocol,most of the ozone-depleting substances(ODS)have been phased out(in terms of ODP),and climate warming is becoming the primary environmental problem currently facing the world.2015年年12月,
4、在法国巴黎举行的第月,在法国巴黎举行的第21届联合国气候变化大会上通过了届联合国气候变化大会上通过了巴黎协巴黎协定定,对,对2020年后全球应对气候变化的行动作出了统一安排。年后全球应对气候变化的行动作出了统一安排。In December 2015,the Paris Agreement was adopted at the 21st United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Paris,France.It marks a unified arrangement for the global response to climate cha
5、nge after 2020.2016年年10月,在卢旺达首都基加利举行的月,在卢旺达首都基加利举行的蒙特利尔议定书蒙特利尔议定书第第28次缔约方大次缔约方大会上达成了关于会上达成了关于HFCs逐步削减的逐步削减的基加利修正案基加利修正案,这是关于温室气体减排,这是关于温室气体减排的又一里程碑式进展。的又一里程碑式进展。In October 2016,at the 28th meeting of the Montreal Protocol held in Kigali,the capital of Rwanda,the Kigali Amendment to phase down HFCs w
6、as reached.This is another milestone achieved in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.3 1 节能环保是行业发展主流方向节能环保是行业发展主流方向 Energy saving and environmental protection is the mainstream development direction of the industry 4 当前全球范围内的制冷剂消费量折合当前全球范围内的制冷剂消费量折合CO2当量超过当量超过10亿吨,接近全球温亿吨,接近全球温室气体排放总量的室气体排放总量的
7、2%。如果高。如果高GWP制冷剂的消费不加以控制,制冷剂制冷剂的消费不加以控制,制冷剂消费带来的温室气体排放占全球温室气体总排放量的比重还将快速增消费带来的温室气体排放占全球温室气体总排放量的比重还将快速增加。加。Currently the global refrigerant consumption is equivalent to more than 1 billion tons of CO2 equivalent,which accounts for around 2%of the total greenhouse gas emissions.If the consumption of
8、high-GWP refrigerants is not controlled,the proportion of refrigerant consumption to total greenhouse gas emissions will increase rapidly.制冷空调行业在全球的低碳环保事业中肩负着重要的责任和义务。制冷空调行业在全球的低碳环保事业中肩负着重要的责任和义务。The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry shoulders important responsibilities and obligations in
9、the global environmental protection and low-carbon development.4 5 中国政府坚定推进绿色低碳发展战略中国政府坚定推进绿色低碳发展战略 The Chinese government firmly promotes the green and low-carbon development strategy 2015年,习近平主席在巴黎气候大会开幕式上表示,中国年,习近平主席在巴黎气候大会开幕式上表示,中国将在将在2030年左右二氧化碳排放达到峰值,并争取尽早实现。年左右二氧化碳排放达到峰值,并争取尽早实现。2020年年9月习近平主席
10、在七十五届联合国大会上进一步提月习近平主席在七十五届联合国大会上进一步提出中国要努力争取出中国要努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。年前实现碳中和。In 2015,President Xi Jinping said at the opening ceremony of the at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Paris,that China will reach a peak in carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and strive to achieve it as soon a
11、s possible.In September 2020,President Xi further proposed at the 75th United Nations General Assembly that China will strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.2016年,中国政府批准加入年,中国政府批准加入巴黎协定巴黎协定。In 2016,China joined the Paris Agreement.2021年,中国政府批准加入年,中国政府批准加入基加利修正案基加利修正案。In 2021,China joined the K
12、igali Amendment.6 制冷空调设备是当今中国经济生活中的能源消耗大户,据测算目前中国在用的各制冷空调设备是当今中国经济生活中的能源消耗大户,据测算目前中国在用的各类制冷空调设备年耗电量约占全社会发电总量的类制冷空调设备年耗电量约占全社会发电总量的20%以上,每年由制冷空调设备以上,每年由制冷空调设备的消耗电力带来的的消耗电力带来的CO2排放当量折合约超过排放当量折合约超过9亿吨。亿吨。R&AC equipment is a major energy consumer.It is estimated that the annual power consumption of vari
13、ous types of R&AC equipment currently in use in China accounts for more than 20%of the total power generation of the whole society.The CO2 emission is equivalent to more than 900 million tons.中国也是当今全球最大的制冷剂消费国,各类制冷剂的年消费总量超过中国也是当今全球最大的制冷剂消费国,各类制冷剂的年消费总量超过35万吨,万吨,约占全球消费量的约占全球消费量的50%,折合,折合CO2当量超过当量超过5亿
14、吨。亿吨。China is also the worlds largest consumer of refrigerants,with an annual consumption of more than 350,000 tons,accounting for about 50%of global consumption,equivalent to more than 500 million tons of CO2 emission.巴黎协定巴黎协定和和基加利修正案基加利修正案的达成,不仅确立了全球性的减排目标,也为的达成,不仅确立了全球性的减排目标,也为制冷空调行业未来的低碳发展指引了方向,
15、行业减排工作面临着新的挑战,任重制冷空调行业未来的低碳发展指引了方向,行业减排工作面临着新的挑战,任重道远。道远。The conclusion of the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Amendment not only established the global emission reduction target,but also pointed out the direction for the future low-carbon development of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industr
16、y.The industrys emission reduction work is facing new challenges and has a long way to go.6 7 2 中国绿色高效替代技术开发与推广中国绿色高效替代技术开发与推广 Development and promotion of green and efficient alternative technologies in China 2007年年9月月蒙特利尔议定书蒙特利尔议定书第第19次缔约方大会上,国际社会达成了次缔约方大会上,国际社会达成了关于加速淘汰关于加速淘汰HCFCs的议案。的议案。At the 1
17、9th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in September 2007,the international community reached a motion on accelerating the phase-out of HCFCs.中国是全球最大的制冷空调产品生产国和消费市场。为了履约目标的达中国是全球最大的制冷空调产品生产国和消费市场。为了履约目标的达成,中国制冷空调行业全面启动了成,中国制冷空调行业全面启动了HCFCs淘汰转换行动并取得优异成绩。淘汰转换行动并取得优异成绩。China is the world
18、s largest producer and consumption market for R&AC products.In order to fulfilling the agreement,Chinas R&AC industry fully launched the phase-out and conversion of HCFCs,and achieved excellent results.8 中国制冷空调行业在实施中国制冷空调行业在实施HCFCs的淘汰转换过程中,从对环境负责任的角度的淘汰转换过程中,从对环境负责任的角度出发,一直坚持优先选择臭氧气候更加友好的替代技术路线,在保障达
19、成出发,一直坚持优先选择臭氧气候更加友好的替代技术路线,在保障达成HCFCs淘汰任务目标的同时,赢取更大的温室气体减排协同效应。淘汰任务目标的同时,赢取更大的温室气体减排协同效应。In the process of implementing the phase-out and conversion of HCFCs,Chinas R&AC industry,from the perspective of being responsible for the environment,gives priority to the alternative technology route that is
20、 more friendly Ozone2Climate,so as to achieve the phase-out goal of HCFCs and win greater synergistic effect of greenhouse gas emission reduction.目前行业内通过有计划的实施制冷剂绿色替代转换,目前行业内通过有计划的实施制冷剂绿色替代转换,NH3、CO2、R32、HCs、HFOs等低碳替代技术和产品的市场推广取得巨大成功,这些工作有等低碳替代技术和产品的市场推广取得巨大成功,这些工作有效推动了行业的绿色可持续发展。效推动了行业的绿色可持续发展。At p
21、resent,through the planned implementation of green refrigerant replacement and conversion,the market promotion of NH3,CO2,R32,HCs,HFOs and other low-carbon alternative technologies and products have achieved great success,which effectively promote the green and sustainable development of the industr
22、y.优先采用臭氧气候友好的替代技术优先采用臭氧气候友好的替代技术 Priority is given to friendly Ozone2Climate alternative technologies 9 ICR HPMP主要替代技术路线选择方案主要替代技术路线选择方案 Alternative technologies 单元式空调机单元式空调机 Unitary air conditioner 小型冷水小型冷水(热泵热泵)机组机组 Small water chilling(heat pump)packages 热泵热水机热泵热水机 Heat pump water heater 冷冻冷藏设备和压
23、缩冷凝机组冷冻冷藏设备和压缩冷凝机组 Refrigeration equipment and compression condensing unit 大中型冷水大中型冷水(热泵热泵)机组机组 Large and medium-sized chilling water(heat pump)packages 9 R32 HFOs(R513A,R1233zd(E))CO2 NH3,CO2,HCs,CO2/NH3,CO2/R134a,产品类别产品类别Category 低低GWP制冷剂制冷剂 Low GWP Refrigerants 10 新一代臭氧气候更加友好的替代品,或多或少存在着各种不同的不足新一
24、代臭氧气候更加友好的替代品,或多或少存在着各种不同的不足和缺陷,需要通过更多的技术创新与投入对之实行全面有效的“缺陷和缺陷,需要通过更多的技术创新与投入对之实行全面有效的“缺陷管理”,以保障替代品实现安全可靠的市场推广应用。管理”,以保障替代品实现安全可靠的市场推广应用。The new generation of friendly Ozone2Climate alternatives has certain defects,which requires more technological innovation and investment,and has to be treated with
25、 effective and comprehensive defect management to achieve safe and reliable promotion and application.实施“缺陷管理”实施“缺陷管理”就是通过技术手段对替代制冷剂存在的不同“缺陷”就是通过技术手段对替代制冷剂存在的不同“缺陷”加以纠正或“抑制”处理,这也是推进新一代替代品市场推广应用的加以纠正或“抑制”处理,这也是推进新一代替代品市场推广应用的合理途径和有效解决方法。合理途径和有效解决方法。The implementation of defect management is to correc
26、t or suppress the different defects of alternative refrigerants through technical means.It is a reasonable way and an effective solution to market promotion and application of the new generation of substitutes.10 11 中小型空调领域中可能的替代制冷剂中小型空调领域中可能的替代制冷剂 Alternatives for small and medium air conditioners:
27、R410A:GWP值高,按照值高,按照基加利修正案基加利修正案规定将会面临逐步削减直至完全淘汰规定将会面临逐步削减直至完全淘汰 Due to high GWP,it will face phase down until it is completely phased out according to the Kigali Amendment.HCs:天然工质,天然工质,GWP很低很低 Natural working medium with low GWP 易燃易爆(易燃易爆(A3),安全风险高,法规标准对充注量有严格限制,仅可用于充),安全风险高,法规标准对充注量有严格限制,仅可用于充注量较低
28、的小型家用领域注量较低的小型家用领域Inflammable and explosive(A3),high safety risk,subject to strict regulations on the charging amount,only used for small sized household equipment with low charging amount 11 2.1 中小型空调领域替代技术开发与推广中小型空调领域替代技术开发与推广 Development and promotion of alternative technology for small and mediu
29、m air conditioners 12 HFOs:不饱和烯烃,不饱和烯烃,GWP较低较低Unsaturated olefins with lower GWP 部分具有弱可燃性(部分具有弱可燃性(A2L)Some are weakly flammable(A2L)单位容积制冷量小,导致产品制造成本大幅度显著提高单位容积制冷量小,导致产品制造成本大幅度显著提高 The cooling capacity per unit volume is small,resulting in a substantial increase in product costs 专利保护,价格昂贵,导致产品交付成本大
30、幅上升,市场接受度低专利保护,价格昂贵,导致产品交付成本大幅上升,市场接受度低Strict patent protection,resulting in high cost and price,and low market acceptance 12 13 R32:单一组分制冷剂,价格便宜,也易于回收、再生和再利用单一组分制冷剂,价格便宜,也易于回收、再生和再利用 Single-component refrigerants that are inexpensive and easy to recover,regenerate and reuse 无毒性,与制冷空调设备常规使用的各种材料均相容无
31、毒性,与制冷空调设备常规使用的各种材料均相容 Non-toxic,compatible with various materials routinely used in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.GWP较低(较低(675),具有弱可燃性),具有弱可燃性(A2L)Low GWP(675),weak flammability(A2L)单位容积制冷量大,相同产品制冷剂充注量仅单位容积制冷量大,相同产品制冷剂充注量仅为为R22的的60%左右左右 The cooling capacity per unit volume is large,a
32、nd the charging amount of refrigerant of the same product is only about 60%of that of R22 系统能效高,制造成本低,寿命期气候性能(系统能效高,制造成本低,寿命期气候性能(LCCP)优异)优异 High system energy efficiency,low manufacturing cost and excellent Life Cycle Climate Performance(LCCP)13 综合对比分析,综合对比分析,R32是中小型空调领域相对最优的替代选择方案是中小型空调领域相对最优的替代选择
33、方案According to comprehensive comparative analysis,R32 is the relatively optimal alternative in the field of small and medium-sized air conditioners 14 R32替代技术的瓶颈问题和解决措施替代技术的瓶颈问题和解决措施Bottlenecks and solutions of R32 alternative technology 性能提升性能提升Performance improvement 降低压缩机排气温度降低压缩机排气温度 Reduce comp
34、ressor discharge temperature 减少制冷剂充注量减少制冷剂充注量 Reduce refrigerant charge 高稳定性的润滑油高稳定性的润滑油 Use high stability lubricating oil 弱可燃性(弱可燃性(A2L)“缺陷”抑制)“缺陷”抑制 Low flammability(A2L)defect suppression 风险评估风险评估 Risk assessment 泄漏检测泄漏检测 Leak detection 安全法规、标准制修订和完善安全法规、标准制修订和完善 Safety regulations,standard revi
35、sion and improvement 14 中间压力补气中间压力补气Intermediate pressure air supplement 中间压力喷液中间压力喷液Intermediate pressure spray 吸气干度控制吸气干度控制Dryness Control 小管径强化换热小管径强化换热Small diameter for enhanced heat transfer 防高温碳化、提高相容性防高温碳化、提高相容性Anti-high temperature carbonization,compatibility improvement 有限合理的防爆和安全措施有限合理的防爆
36、和安全措施Limited and reasonable explosion protection and safety measures 15 R32制冷剂的市场推广制冷剂的市场推广Marketing of R32 Refrigerant R32在中国家用空调市场中的占有率已达在中国家用空调市场中的占有率已达80%以上,并大批量出口包括以上,并大批量出口包括西方发达国家在内的国际市西方发达国家在内的国际市场;场;The share of R32 in Chinas household air conditioner market has reached more than 80%,and it
37、 is exported to the international market in large quantities R32大量应用于小型多联机出口市大量应用于小型多联机出口市场;场;R32 is widely used in the exported small-sized multi-split air-conditioning units 中国单元式空调机市场中中国单元式空调机市场中R32占比超过占比超过1/3;R32 accounts for more than one third of Chinas unitary air conditioner market 中国小型冷水机组市
38、场中中国小型冷水机组市场中R32的应用推广在稳步推的应用推广在稳步推进;进;The application and promotion of R32 in Chinas small chiller market is advancing in an orderly manner R32环保制冷剂的推广应用不仅保障了行业环保制冷剂的推广应用不仅保障了行业HCFCs淘汰任务目标的如期淘汰任务目标的如期达成,同时也因其出色的节能和成本经济性优势,赢得了更大的寿命期达成,同时也因其出色的节能和成本经济性优势,赢得了更大的寿命期协同减排效协同减排效益。益。The marketing and applic
39、ation of the environmentally friendly R32 refrigerant not only ensures the achievement of the industrys HCFCs phase-out task as scheduled,but also wins greater emission reduction benefits thanks to its excellent energy-saving and low-cost advantages.16 16 2.2 冷冻冷藏领域替代技术开发与推广冷冻冷藏领域替代技术开发与推广 Developme
40、nt and promotion of alternative technologies for freezer and refrigeration NH3:天然工质,天然工质,GWP低;有毒性,弱可燃(低;有毒性,弱可燃(B2L)Natural working medium,low GWP;toxic,weakly flammable(B2L)制冷性能优异,经济性好制冷性能优异,经济性好 Excellent refrigeration performance and more economical 传统上,在大中型冷库和速冻设备中常常采用传统上,在大中型冷库和速冻设备中常常采用NH3作为制冷
41、剂,作为制冷剂,使用场合需执行严使用场合需执行严格的管理规定,并有专人值守运行格的管理规定,并有专人值守运行 Traditionally,NH3 is often used as the refrigerant in large and medium-sized cold store and quick-freezing equipment,and strict management regulations must be implemented during use,with special personnel on duty to operate 国家标准国家标准GB 182182018危
42、险化学品重大危险源辨识中明确规定氨的临界危险化学品重大危险源辨识中明确规定氨的临界充注充注量为量为10吨,系统氨充注量超过吨,系统氨充注量超过10吨即被列入“重大危险源”管控范畴吨即被列入“重大危险源”管控范畴 The national standard GB 18218-2018 Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals clearly stipulates that the critical amount of ammonia is 10 tons,and ammonia charged in the
43、system of more than 10 tons will be included in the control category of major hazard sources.严格执行相关管理法规和标准能够保证严格执行相关管理法规和标准能够保证NH3制冷剂的安全使用,调查结果表明以往制冷剂的安全使用,调查结果表明以往的一些的一些NH3系统发生的安全事故多系人为因素和管理措施不到位所致系统发生的安全事故多系人为因素和管理措施不到位所致 Strict implementation of relevant management regulations and standards can e
44、nsure the safe use of NH3 refrigerants.The survey results show that previous serious safety accidents related to NH3 systems are mostly caused by human factors and inadequate management.17 CO2:GWP=1,环境性能优秀环境性能优秀 GWP=1,excellent environmental performance 安全分类安全分类A1 Safety classification A1 单位单位容积制冷量大
45、容积制冷量大,压缩机、管路尺寸、换热器及相关部件,压缩机、管路尺寸、换热器及相关部件尺寸尺寸大幅降低,制冷剂大幅降低,制冷剂充注量小充注量小 The cooling capacity per unit volume is large,the size of the compressor,pipeline,heat exchanger and related parts is greatly reduced,and the charging amount of the refrigerant is small 低温制冷性能优异,复叠亚临界循环效率高低温制冷性能优异,复叠亚临界循环效率高Excel
46、lent refrigeration performance in low temperature,high cycle efficiency in cascade subcritical status 冷冻冷藏设备中可能的替代制冷剂还包括有冷冻冷藏设备中可能的替代制冷剂还包括有HCs、HFOs以及以及R404A、R507A等等高高GWP的的HFCs。Possible alternative refrigerants in refrigeration equipment include HCs,HFOs,and HFCs with high GWP such as R404A and R507
47、A.17 18 NH3/CO2复叠复叠/载冷载冷技术在冷冻冷藏领域具有天然的技术在冷冻冷藏领域具有天然的优优势势 NH3/CO2 cascade/secondary refrigerant technology has natural advantages in the field of refrigeration NH3和和CO2属天然工质,属天然工质,GWP低低 NH3 and CO2 are natural working mediums with low GWP NH3/CO2复叠复叠系统能效高,节能效果显著系统能效高,节能效果显著 The NH3/CO2 Cascade system
48、 has high energy efficiency and the energy saving effect is remarkable 相对于全相对于全NH3系统,系统,NH3/CO2复叠式复叠式/载冷式系统载冷式系统具有更高能效,同时系统具有更高能效,同时系统中中NH3充注量可以减少充注量可以减少80%甚至甚至90%以上以上;NH3仅存在于机房中,不进入冷库的仅存在于机房中,不进入冷库的操作间和存储间,排除了操作间和存储间,排除了NH3的泄漏给操作人员带来的的泄漏给操作人员带来的潜在潜在风险和污染食品的风险和污染食品的可能性,大大提升了系统的安全性可能性,大大提升了系统的安全性 Com
49、pared with the full NH3 system,the NH3/CO2 Cascade/secondary refrigerant system has higher energy efficiency,and the NH3 charging amount in the system can be reduced by 80%,or even more than 90%.At the same time,NH3 only exists in the machine room,and NH3 does not enter the operation room and refrig
50、eratory room,which eliminates the risk of NH3 leakage to the operator and the possibility of food contamination,greatly improving the safety of the system.18 19 NH3/CO2复叠技术的瓶颈问题和解决措施复叠技术的瓶颈问题和解决措施 Bottlenecks and Solutions of NH3/CO2 Cascade Technology CO2螺杆压缩机泄漏损失大螺杆压缩机泄漏损失大 Large leakage loss of C
51、O2 screw compressor CO2宽温域节流损失大宽温域节流损失大 Large throttling loss in wide temperature range of CO2 复叠系统级间合理匹配复叠系统级间合理匹配 Reasonable match between stages of the cascade system 停机期间停机期间CO2高压安全高压安全 Risk of high CO2 pressure during shutdown 19 专用专用CO2压缩机开发优化压缩机开发优化 Development and optimization of dedicated C
52、O2 compressors 专用节流装置开发专用节流装置开发 Development of special throttling device 停机维持系统停机维持系统shutdown and maintenance system 优化系统配置优化系统配置System optimization 20 NH3/CO2替代技术市场推广取得成功替代技术市场推广取得成功 Marketing success of the NH3/CO2 alternative technologies 在行业计划下,共有在行业计划下,共有14条条R22冷冻冷藏设备生产线的改造选择采用了冷冻冷藏设备生产线的改造选择采用
53、了NH3/CO2复叠复叠/载冷作为替代技术,载冷作为替代技术,NH3/CO2 复叠复叠/载冷技术具有出色的节能潜力,获得了市场和载冷技术具有出色的节能潜力,获得了市场和用户的认可和接受。用户的认可和接受。Under the industry plan,a total of 14 R22 refrigeration equipment production lines utilized NH3/CO2 cascade/secondary refrigerant technology as an alternative.NH3/CO2 cascade/cooling technology has
54、excellent energy-saving potential and has won users recognition.NH3/CO2复叠复叠/载冷技术已成为当前中国冷冻冷藏领域的主流技术,获得了广泛的市载冷技术已成为当前中国冷冻冷藏领域的主流技术,获得了广泛的市场化应用,在大中型冷冻冷藏装备领域的市场占有率达场化应用,在大中型冷冻冷藏装备领域的市场占有率达80%以上。以上。NH3/CO2 cascade and cooling technology has become the mainstream technology in the field of freezing and re
55、frigeration in China,and has been widely used in the market.The market share in the field of large and medium-sized refrigeration equipment has reached more than 80%.冰轮环境技术股份有限公司承担的“冷冻冷藏用冰轮环境技术股份有限公司承担的“冷冻冷藏用NH3/CO2复叠制冷系统替代复叠制冷系统替代R22示示范项目”荣获纪念范项目”荣获纪念蒙特利尔议定书蒙特利尔议定书缔结缔结30周年“保护臭氧层示范项目奖”。周年“保护臭氧层示范项目奖
56、”。The NH3/CO2 Cascade Refrigeration System R22 Substitute Demonstration Project undertaken by Moon Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.won the Ozone Layer Protection Demonstration Project Award for the 30th anniversary of the Montreal Protocol.21 在北京冬奥会建设周期,在北京冬奥会建设周期,CRAA首次提出并向冬奥会建设单位推荐首次提出并向冬奥会建设单位推荐CO
57、2制冰技术,并推动在国家滑冰馆等冬奥会场馆建设中成功实现了制冰技术,并推动在国家滑冰馆等冬奥会场馆建设中成功实现了CO2制制冰技术方案的落地实施,为绿色奥运建设作出有益贡献。冰技术方案的落地实施,为绿色奥运建设作出有益贡献。During the construction of the Beijing Winter Olympics,CRAA first proposed the CO2 ice-making technology to the Winter Olympics construction team,and successfully promoted the implementati
58、on of the CO2 technology solution in the construction of the National Skating Stadium and other Winter Olympic venues,contributing to the making of a green Olympics.21 22 热泵热水机可能的替代制冷剂热泵热水机可能的替代制冷剂 Possible alternative refrigerant for heat pump water heater CO2:GWP=1,环境性能优秀环境性能优秀 Excellent performan
59、ce for environmental benefits 安全分类安全分类 A1 Safety classification A1 单位单位容积制冷量大容积制冷量大 The cooling capacity per unit volume is large 制热性能好,出水温度可以达制热性能好,出水温度可以达90C以上,以上,低环境温度适应性强低环境温度适应性强Good heating performance,and the outlet water temperature can reach over 90C,with strong adaptability to low ambient
60、temperature 跨临界循环节流损失大,跨临界循环节流损失大,工作压力高,制造难度大工作压力高,制造难度大Large throttling loss in transcritical cycle,high working pressure and strict manufacturing requirements 在热泵热水机中可能的替代制冷剂还包括在热泵热水机中可能的替代制冷剂还包括HFOs、HCs以及以及R410A、R134a、R417A等高等高GWP值的值的HFCs。Possible alternative refrigerants in heat pump water heate
61、rs include HFOs,HCs,and HFCs with high GWP values such as R410A,R134a,and R417A.22 2.3 热泵热水机替代技术开发与推广热泵热水机替代技术开发与推广Development and promotion of alternative technology for heat pump water heaters 23 CO2的瓶颈问题和解决措施的瓶颈问题和解决措施CO2 Bottlenecks and Solutions 跨临界运行时系统压力超过跨临界运行时系统压力超过10MPa,是,是R134a工作压力的工作压力的6
62、8倍倍The system pressure exceeds 10MPa during transcritical operation,which is 68 times of the working pressure of R134 提升提升密封密封性性Improve airtightness 改进改进制造制造工艺工艺Improve manufacturing process 跨临界循环存在节流损失大跨临界循环存在节流损失大There is a large throttling loss in the transcritical cycle 采用膨胀机或喷射器等回收节流损失能量采用膨胀机或喷
63、射器等回收节流损失能量Use expander or injector to recover throttling lost energy 冷热综合利用冷热综合利用Comprehensive utilization of cold and heat 系统优化与智能控制系统优化与智能控制System optimization and intelligent control 在行业计划的全力推动下,绿色天然制冷剂在行业计划的全力推动下,绿色天然制冷剂CO2热泵热水机开始取得了商业化的推热泵热水机开始取得了商业化的推广应用,市场占比开始稳步提升。广应用,市场占比开始稳步提升。Fully driven
64、 by the industry plan,CO2 heat pump water heaters have begun to achieve market-oriented commercial applications,and their market share has begun to increase steadily.23 24 2.4 螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组替代技术开发与推广螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组替代技术开发与推广Development and promotion of alternative technology for screw chiller(heat pump)unit
65、s 螺杆式冷水螺杆式冷水(热泵热泵)机组可能的替代制冷剂包括机组可能的替代制冷剂包括R134a及及HFOs。R134a的的GWP值高值高,按照按照基加利修正案基加利修正案规定将会面临逐渐削规定将会面临逐渐削减直至完全淘汰减直至完全淘汰。Possible Alternative Refrigerants for Screw Chiller(Heat Pump)Units include R134a and HFOs.Due to high GWP,R134a will face phase down until it is phased out according to the Kigali A
66、mendment.采用单工质采用单工质HFO跟部分跟部分HFCs混合混合,解决单工质解决单工质HFO的弱可燃性和的弱可燃性和和容积制冷和容积制冷量量低的低的突出“缺陷”突出“缺陷”,同时有效降低产品制造成本,同时有效降低产品制造成本,这是螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组中可能的替代方向之一。这是螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组中可能的替代方向之一。Using HFO of single working medium mixed with some HFCs can solve the defects of weak flammability and low volume refrigerant,and reduc
67、e costs,serving as a possible alternative in screw chiller(heat pump)units.24 25 R513A R513A组分组分R134a/R1234yf(44:56),GWP=631,安全分类安全分类A1 Component R134a/R1234yf(44:56),GWP=631,safety classification A1 热物性:热物性:R513A物性与物性与R134a接近,接近,R513A分子量稍大于分子量稍大于R134a Thermal properties:the physical properties of R
68、513A are close to those of R134a,and the molecular weight of R513A is slightly larger than that of R134a 材料兼容:与材料兼容:与R134a机组所采用的材料具有较好的相容性机组所采用的材料具有较好的相容性 Material Compatibility:good compatibility with the materials used in R134a units 润滑油润滑油:可以采用与可以采用与R134a相同的相同的POE润滑油润滑油 Lubricating oil:the same P
69、OE lubricating oil as used in R134a 25 26 考虑到目前国内对考虑到目前国内对R513A的了解和研发工作较少,为推进螺杆机组的了解和研发工作较少,为推进螺杆机组中的替代进展,中的替代进展,CRAA组织制冷生产企业、螺杆压缩机和机组生产组织制冷生产企业、螺杆压缩机和机组生产企业、高校等企业、高校等10余家单位共同开展余家单位共同开展R513A制冷剂在螺杆式冷水(热制冷剂在螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组中的适用性研究。泵)机组中的适用性研究。Considering that there is lack of understanding and R&D work on
70、R513A in China at present,CRAA organized more than 10 refrigeration manufacturers,screw compressor and unit manufacturers,and universities to carry out the research of the application of R513A refrigerant in screw chilled water(heat pump)units,in order to promote the development of alternatives in s
71、crew units.26 27 根据理论循环分析和机组实际测试研究结果,根据理论循环分析和机组实际测试研究结果,R513A机组与机组与R134a机组在机组在产品性能方面基本相当,压缩机需要做少量的改进调整。产品性能方面基本相当,压缩机需要做少量的改进调整。According to the theoretical cycle analysis and unit test results,the performance of R513A unit and R134a unit is basically the same,and the compressor needs to be slightl
72、y adjusted.研究结果表明研究结果表明R513A在螺杆机组中替代在螺杆机组中替代R22是合理的技术选择方向之一。是合理的技术选择方向之一。The research shows that the replacement of R22 by R513A in the screw unit is one of the reasonable technical solution.27 28 在行业计划下,已有三条在行业计划下,已有三条R22螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组生产线选择采用螺杆式冷水(热泵)机组生产线选择采用R513A作为替代技术进行转换改造,目前生产线改造工作已完成,下一作为替代技术进行转
73、换改造,目前生产线改造工作已完成,下一步将与制冷剂供应企业等单位开展合作,加大市场推广力度,推动步将与制冷剂供应企业等单位开展合作,加大市场推广力度,推动R513A的市场应用。的市场应用。28 According to the industry plan,a total of three R22 screw chiller(heat pump)unit production lines used R513A as an alternative technology.The production line has been transformed,and the next step is to
74、cooperate with refrigerant manufacturers to promote the marketing and application of R513A.29 在行业计划引导和推动下,中国制冷空调行业实现了绿色替代技术的在行业计划引导和推动下,中国制冷空调行业实现了绿色替代技术的大面积推广应用,不仅为行业和国家层面的大面积推广应用,不仅为行业和国家层面的HCFCs淘汰任务目标的淘汰任务目标的顺利达成提供了坚实的保障,也取得了巨大的温室气体减排协同效益。顺利达成提供了坚实的保障,也取得了巨大的温室气体减排协同效益。据初步测算,启动据初步测算,启动HCFCs加速淘汰行动
75、以来,每年通过行业计划的加速淘汰行动以来,每年通过行业计划的实施可取得直接减少温室气体排放超过实施可取得直接减少温室气体排放超过3600万万CO2当量吨,考虑到协当量吨,考虑到协同减排效应,所获得的综合环境效益更是远超预期。同减排效应,所获得的综合环境效益更是远超预期。Driven by HPMP,Chinas refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has achieved the large-scale promotion and application of green alternative technologies.The achiev
76、ement has provided a solid foundation for the smooth realization of the HCFCs phase-out target at the industry and national level,but also yielded huge synergistic benefits in greenhouse gas emission reduction.According to preliminary calculations,since the accelerated phase-out of HCFCs was launche
77、d,the implementation of the industry plan can directly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by more than 36 million CO2 equivalent tons of environmental benefits.Taking into account the synergistic emission reduction effect,the comprehensive environmental benefits obtained far exceed expectations
78、.中国的绿色替代技术推广取得显著成效中国的绿色替代技术推广取得显著成效Chinas promotion of environmentally friendly alternative technologies has achieved remarkable results 30 30 3 未来替代技术发展展望未来替代技术发展展望 Prospect of alternative technologies 碳达峰、碳中和与碳达峰、碳中和与基加利修正案基加利修正案的达成为行业未来发展指明了出路和方向,的达成为行业未来发展指明了出路和方向,推动制冷空调行业向着绿色低碳的发展方向不断迈进。推动制冷空调行
79、业向着绿色低碳的发展方向不断迈进。The goal of carbon peaking,carbon neutrality and the achievement of the Kigali Amendment points out the way and direction for the future development of the industry,and promotes green and sustainable development of the R&AC industry.从全球范围内的技术发展趋势来看,目前还无法找到符合零从全球范围内的技术发展趋势来看,目前还无法找到符
80、合零ODP、低、低GWP、高效、安全的完全理想的替代制冷剂,未来的趋势是在各个不同的产品领域采高效、安全的完全理想的替代制冷剂,未来的趋势是在各个不同的产品领域采用不同的替代品。用不同的替代品。Based on the technological development trends around the world,it is yet impossible to find a completely ideal alternative refrigerant that meets the standard of zero ODP,low GWP,high efficiency,and safe
81、ty.The future trend is to use different substitutes in different product fields.NH3/CO2技术、低技术、低GWP的的HFOs及其混合物、及其混合物、R32、HCs等替代制冷剂在应用等替代制冷剂在应用过程中的能效提升、“缺陷”管理和减量充注技术等,都是未来为技术研发的过程中的能效提升、“缺陷”管理和减量充注技术等,都是未来为技术研发的重点方向。重点方向。NH3/CO2 technology,low-GWP HFOs and their mixtures,R32,HCs and other alternative
82、refrigerants in the application of energy efficiency improvement,defect management and the technology of reducing charging amount,etc.,will be the hotspot of research and development.31 未来长期性替代技术的开发将重点关注低未来长期性替代技术的开发将重点关注低GWP、高能效、低成本等因、高能效、低成本等因素,从制冷剂的整个寿命期气候性能素,从制冷剂的整个寿命期气候性能(LCCP)最优的角度出发选择对全最优的角度出
83、发选择对全球气候变化影响更低的替代物,以实现环境效益的最大化。球气候变化影响更低的替代物,以实现环境效益的最大化。The selection and development of long term alternative technologies in the future will focus on low GWP,high energy efficiency and low cost.From the perspective of refrigerant life-cycle climate performance(LCCP),alternatives that have lower i
84、mpact on global climate change will be selected for environmental protection.制冷剂替代是一个全球一盘棋的大课题,不同国家和地区各自为战将制冷剂替代是一个全球一盘棋的大课题,不同国家和地区各自为战将浪费更多的资源,是不可取的。全球同行和国际社会应携起手来,加浪费更多的资源,是不可取的。全球同行和国际社会应携起手来,加强交流和合作,尽力寻找环境效益优的替代技术路线和解决方案,为强交流和合作,尽力寻找环境效益优的替代技术路线和解决方案,为实现实现ODS完全淘汰和减缓全球变暖做出更多的努力和贡献!完全淘汰和减缓全球变暖做出更
85、多的努力和贡献!Refrigerant replacement is a major topic for the global community,and the best solution is not for different countries and regions to fight independently,which will waste more resources.The international community should join hands to strengthen exchanges and cooperation,explore alternative technologies and solutions with environmental benefits,in order to achieve the complete phase-out ODS and slow down global warming.31 32 32 Thank you!