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1、J u l y 2 0 2 3J u l y 2 0 2 3U.S.Public Electric Vehicle(EV)Charging Infrastructure DeploymentIndustry Investment Briefing Key TakeawaysAn extensive survey found a dramatic expansion and acceleration of investments in public electric vehicle(EV)charger deployments across the U.S.Since 2021,based on
2、 a conservative estimate considering only the most concrete announcements,more than$21.5 billion in investments have been announced,which will result in the deployment of over 800,000 new charger ports by 2030.Announcements made since the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act will implement 4.5 tim
3、es the number of current public chargers,underscoring the impact of recent federal policy in spurring expansion.Based on concrete announcements,existing and already announced public EV charger deployments will provide at least 70%of the public chargers needed in the U.S.by 2030 under EPAs current pr
4、oposed light-duty(LD)vehicle rule.For direct current fast chargers(DCFCs),existing and announced chargers account for more than 100%of the needed DCFC chargers past 2032.When 25%of soft announcements and 50%of unawarded grants are also included,these investments would result in the deployment of mor
5、e than 100%of the required public chargers in 2030.Key Takeaways(cont.)Market forces together with incentives from recent federal policy have attracted a wide array of players to invest in public charger deployments.The analysis identified investments by 18 charge network providers,10 retailers,7 ve
6、hicle manufacturers,6 toll road operators,along with public utilities,truck and service station operators,and fleet owners EV owners across the U.S.will have increased access to public charging.The NEVI program along with 3 additional federal programs,and 21 nationwide announcements by companies wil
7、l result in nationwide expansion of the existing charging network and deployment of new infrastructure in all states,including in rural communities 58,000 Stations Physical Location where charging occurs 155,700 Ports Providing electricity to vehicles Level 1:2,9002%Level 2:121,50078%DCFC:31,300 20%
8、U.S.Public and Private EV Charging Infrastructure Existing Public Charging Infrastructure June 2023June 2023Source:U.S.Department of Energy,Alternative Fuel Database,June 19,2023Charging infrastructure is available today,but much more will be needed by 2030Future U.S.Public Charging Infrastructure N
9、eeds00.511.522.5320282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Millions)Work L2Public L2Level 2 ChargersDCFC ChargersEPA projects that approximately 1,075,000 new Level 2 chargers and 135,000 new DCFC chargers will be needed by 2030 to accommodate increasing numbers of EVson the road with its proposed emission sta
10、ndardsSource:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Year 2027 and LaterLight-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis,April 2023,Figure 5-20025030020282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Thousands)DC 50DC-150DC-250DC-350Announced
11、 EV Charger DeploymentWSP estimated the number of public chargers that will be added to the current network by 2030 based on extensive desktop research identifying 86 public announcements and commitments to invest in new public chargers that have already been by the following types of organizations:
12、U.S.DOT National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure(NEVI)Program 1 1State Governments 2929Charge Network Providers 1818Retailers 10Vehicle Manufacturers 7Toll Road Operators 6 6Utilities 4 4Truck Stop Developer/Operators 4 4Service Station Operators 2 2Fleet Owners 2 2Walmart and General Motors have an
13、nounced they will install publicly available DCFC chargers at all of their retail locations in the U.S.90%of Americans live within 10 miles of a Walmart or GM dealership.Announced Public EVSE Deployment as of June 2023 806,300 new charging ports 552,900 Level 2 ports (68.6%)(68.6%)253,400 DCFC ports
14、(31.4%)31.4%)Over$21.5 billion in investmentBased on specific,concrete projects already announced,our conservative estimate is that there will be at least a 4.5-time increase in Level 2 ports and an 8-time increase in DCFC ports by 2030Charger TypePortsInvestment($billions)Level 2552,900$2.1DCFC171,
15、200$6.7DCFC 15016,500*$8.4Supercharger 2504,800$1.7Supercharger 35060,900$2.1*Includes a conservative estimate of 6,000 NEVI Ports 75,000-mile network/50-mile intervals=1,500 stations with 4 ports/station=6,000 portsExisting and Announced Public Charger Deployment Existing Public Ports152,700 Announ
16、ced Public Ports806,300Total Ports Total Ports 959,000959,00000.511.522.5320282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Millions)Work L2Public L2DC 50DC-150DC-250EPA Forecasted Public Charging Needs1,363,300Existing and already announced public EV charger deployments as of June 2023 will provide at least 70%of the
17、 public chargers needed in the U.S.by 2030,even though announcements do not seem to capture most workplace charging DC-350Existing and Announced DCFC Charger DeploymentEPA Forecasted Public Charging NeedsExisting and already announced DCFC charger deployments as of June 2023 will provide over 170%of
18、 the DCFC ports needed in the U.S.by 2030 and 116%of the ports needed by 2032.It will also deliver 93%of the DCFC charging capacity needed by 2030 and 59%of the DCFC charging capacity needed by 2032DCFC Chargers166,020025030020282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Thousands)DC 50DC-150DC-250DC-350
19、244,600Number of PortsCharging Capacity(Gigawatts)Existing DCFC Ports31,3003.1Announced DCFD Ports253,40035.3TOTALS284,70038.4Existing and Announced Workplace and Public Level 2 Charger Deployment Existing Level 2 Ports121,500 Announced Level 2 Ports552,900Total Level 2 PortsTotal Level 2 Ports674,4
20、00674,400EPA Forecasted Public Charging NeedsExisting and already announced public Level 2 EV charger deployments as of June 2023 will provide 56%of the workplace and public DCFC chargers needed in the U.S.by 2030.However,the analysis does not fully capture workplace charger deployments because empl
21、oyers do not normally make this information available to the public.Level 2 Chargers00.511.522.5320282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Millions)Work L2Public L21,197,100Additional AnnouncementsWSPs estimate of new charging ports is conservative and is based on public announcements with enough specific deta
22、il to estimate the number and type of ports that will be installed and total estimated investment.In addition,it does not capture all workplace charging,it does not account for the fact that announcements will continue to occur,and it does not include the following less specific information:2,750,00
23、0 additional ports announced by 21 firmsCompanies including Cumberland Farms,Enel X Way,Francis Energy,Kohls Kroger,Prologis,Siemens,Companies including Cumberland Farms,Enel X Way,Francis Energy,Kohls Kroger,Prologis,Siemens,Shell,Subway,Target and Wawa have announced major EV charger deployments,b
24、ut these softer Shell,Subway,Target and Wawa have announced major EV charger deployments,but these softer announcements have not provided enough detail to determine their type,location,the precise numberannouncements have not provided enough detail to determine their type,location,the precise number
25、of ports,or the level of investment of ports,or the level of investment$4.9 billion in EVSE grants announced but not yet awardedThe federal government and 10 states have announced grants that will fund The federal government and 10 states have announced grants that will fund approximately 100,000 po
26、rts,some of which may already be included in approximately 100,000 ports,some of which may already be included in WSPs deployment forecastsWSPs deployment forecastsPossible Public Charger Deployment Existing Public Ports152,700 Announced Public Ports806,300 Other Possible Ports(discounted)687,500 Aw
27、arded Grant Ports(discounted)50,000Total Possible PortsTotal Possible Ports1,696,50000.511.522.5320282029203020312032EVSE Ports(Millions)Work L2Public L2DC 50DC-150DC-250EPA Forecasted Public Charging Needs1,363,300Assuming 25%of these softer announcements and 50%of announced grant ports are built i
28、n addition to concrete announcements,possible deployments as of June 2023 will provide at least 124%of the public chargers needed in the U.S.by 2030 2,832,300DC-350Charger Announcement TimingThe pace of chargerannouncements increased markedly following the Passage of the InflationReduction Act00040,
29、00040,10040,30067,500276,200377,200552,900502002006,2007,20027,40031,000202,300231,800253,4000100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2202120222023InflationReduction ActAug 19,2022Bipartisan Infrastructure LawNov 6,2021Level 2Number of Chargers AnnouncedDCFCGeographic Expansion
30、Is Nationwide The NEVI Formula Program will install DCFC chargers at 50-mile intervals across a national network of 75,000 miles of highway The NEVI Discretionary Grant Program will incentivize charger deployment in rural and low-and moderate-income neighborhoods The review also identified 21 nation
31、wide announcements by companies including General Motors,Ford,Tesla,Rivian,Mercedes Benz,Walmart,Walgreens,Hertz,Ikea,Whole Foods,Macys,Blink,EVgo,and Electrify America The analysis also identified 63 additional confirmed investments in 24 statesGeographic Distribution of Announced Charger Deploymen
32、ts and GrantsIn addition to NEVI,3 additional nationwide federal grant programs,and 21 additional private sector nationwide deploymentsMethodologyThe research team conducted desktop research to identify current announcement of charger deployments.The team identified three Whitehouse Briefing Room FA
33、CT SHEETS on electric vehicles(EV)and related infrastructure released on February 15,April 17,and June 27 2023.We investigated each of the public EV charging infrastructure announcements contained in the FACT SHEETs and created an Excel spreadsheet to track their attributes including:We augmented th
34、is information by conducting additional searches on EV charger announcements made by all 50 states,electric vehicle supply equipment(EVSE)manufacturers,charging network providers,vehicle manufacturers,retailers,fleet owners,major employers,toll road and travel plaza operators,service station operato
35、rs,and electric utilities.The research team incorporated all information obtained in the Excel spreadsheet.Charger TypeCharging StationsPortsCharging Rate(kW)CostDate of AnnouncementProject CompletionData Sources(URLs)MethodologyThese searches revealed a total of 86 announcements with enough detaile
36、d information for the research team to identify or estimate the number and type of chargers to be deployed and the implementation cost.For certain projects,the information that was available was incomplete.When this was the case,the research team used the following attributes derived from The analys
37、is utilized the projections of future charger needs prepared by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)for its Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis(DRIA)for the proposed Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles,together with the research
38、 teams experience to calculate the cost,number of chargers,or charging rates.The following costs and charging rates were used:In instances where the number of DCFC charging stations was available,but the number of ports was not specified it was assumed that one to four ports would be provided per ch
39、arging location.Charger TypePowerAverage CostWork Level 28 kW$5,900Public Level 28 kW$5,900DCFC60 kW$112,000NEVI/DCFC-150150 kW$242,000Super Charger-250250 kW$306,000Super Charger-350350 kW$370,000MethodologyIn several cases,charger announcements simply discuss the deployment of DCFC chargers,but do
40、 not specify their charging rate.To keep the analysis conservative,the research team assumed that they would be 60 kW chargers.In other cases,chargers with other charging rates were referred to,175 kW for example.When this occurred,the research team tabulated these chargers with those in the next lo
41、west charging rate category,in this case 150 kW.The research team employed two methodologies to calculate the number of chargers that will be provided by the NEVI formula program.The first assumed that charging stations would be located at 50-mile intervals along a 75-000mile highway network.This wo
42、uld provide 1,500 charging stations with a minimum of four ports each,creating 6,000 ports.The second methodology was based on cost and assumed that a four-port charging station,the NEVI standard,would cost$1.6 million.Dividing the total amount of NEVI funding$5.0 billion in federal funding and a re
43、quired$1.25 billion in local matching funds by the per-station cost would provide 3,900 four-port stations,or a total of 15,600 ports.The research team used the lower 6,000 port figure to keep the analysis conservative.MethodologyThe analysis identified concrete announcements to deploy the following
44、 EVSE infrastructure by 2030:Of these figures,the following percentages were calculated using the factors provide above:Charger TypeStationsPortsInvestment($millions)Level 215,963552,9492,101DCFC15,089171,1786,713DCFC-1503,30016,4548,357Super Charger-250694,8341,663Super Charger-35073760,9002,064Tot
45、als35,131806,31521,538Charger TypeStationsPortsInvestment($millions)Level 21%30%60%DCFC0%10%53%DCFC-15010%36%11%Super Charger-25013%7%76%Super Charger-3500%2%76%Totals35,131806,31521,538MethodologyIn addition to these specific charger announcements,the research revealed 20 other announcements that p
46、rovided less information such that it was not possible for the research team to determine the full complement of information:charger type,stations,ports and investment.The research team compiled information on these soft announcements separately.They include announcements identifying the deployment
47、or intent to sell 2.1 million level 2 chargers,610,000 DCFC chargers,and over 50,000 charger whose type could not be identified.Investment information was only available for six of the 20 other announcements,which together represent an investment of over$13 billion.To include these announcements in
48、the main analysis,the conservative assumption that 25 percent of these projects would be built by 2030,resulting in nearly 690,000 additional ports.The research also identified 24 national and state specific grant programs providing funding for the provision of charging infrastructure.These programs
49、 including the NEVI Discretionary Grant Program have been announced,but not yet awarded.For instance,grant applications for the first cycle of the$2.5 billion NEVI Discretionary Grant Program were due to USDOT on May 30,2023 and are still being reviewed at the time of this writing.The research ident
50、ified a total of nearly$4.9 billion in pending EVSE grants that are estimated to fund approximately 100,000 charging ports.Recognizing that some of these ports may duplicate other charger announcements already captured in the analysis,the research team assumed conservatively that half of these charg
51、ers,or 50,000 additional ports would be installed by 2030.MethodologyThe analysis utilized the projections of future charger needs provided in the EPA DRIA for the proposed Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles.The analysis also utiliz
52、ed a June 2023 search of the U.S.Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center EVSE database to identify current charger deployments in the U.S.The analysis then quantified the number of current and announced chargers and compared this figure to the estimated charger needs identified in the DRIA for the years 2030 and 2032.This comparison is made for the concrete charger deployment announcements,as well as the concrete announcements together with 25%of the less specific charger announcements and 50%of the announced but not yet awarded grants.