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1、Ericsson White PaperGFTL-23:000243 UenMarch 20236G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 20306G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030ContentFebruary 20232ContentIntroduction 3The envisioned way of life in 2030 and beyond 4The 6G use cases and their spectrum implications 6The
2、 importance of the 7-15 GHz centimetric range 12The complementary role of the sub-THz range(92-300 GHz)for niche scenarios 15The pathway to 6G spectrum 18Conclusion 20Glossary 22References 23Further reading 24Authors 256G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030IntroductionFebruary 20233
3、Introduction5G is still in its early phase and is ramping up even faster than previous generations of cellular communication.While there are multiple waves of deployments and upgrades yet to happen in many parts of the world,the ICT industry,academia,and standardization bodies have already begun to
4、discuss and invest in new technologies to power the next generation of limitless wireless possibilities beyond 5G and 5G-Advanced toward 6G.Ericsson believes that future networks will be a fundamental component to virtualize all parts of life,society,and industries,fulfilling the communication needs
5、 of humans as well as intelligent machines.To realize the future network vision enabled by 6G and to deliver its full potential,there is a need to secure timely spectrum availability.This white paper focuses on the role of spectrum to unleash the full potential of 6G,the importance of existing spect
6、rum as well as additional spectrum and the need to consider proper authorization regimes.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The envisioned way of life in 2030 and beyondFebruary 20234The envisioned way of life in 2030 and beyondBy 2030,5G will have already been shaping both indus
7、try and society for 10 years.New applications and services will have appeared,and lessons will have been learned from 5G deployment.5G is a revolutionary technology,which enables machines to communicate with each other and with people,and a continued revolution with 6G is expected,bringing the digit
8、al and physical worlds together.Ericsson has started the journey toward understanding what life will look like in 2030 and beyond and how the network will be able to deliver this,exploring the technology components that will make it possible.It is expected that by 2030,the first 6G networks will be
9、deployed and some of the envisioned use cases will become a reality.More complex use-cases will follow as 6G evolves.As mentioned in the white paper 6G Connecting a cyber-physical world 1,the society of 2030 is expected to have transformed around increasingly advanced technologies,where networks act
10、 as the communication and information backbone,allowing communication to take place anywhere and at any time.Future 6G networks will open new technological possibilities for immersive,ubiquitous,and sensory digital experiences.6G applications when deployed on a massive scale,will transform the way p
11、eople live.The Internet of Senses has the potential to greatly reduce 6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The envisioned way of life in 2030 and beyondFebruary 20235the need to travel for work,leisure,education,or healthcare,and therefore contribute significantly to reducing green
12、house gas emissions delivering a massive societal impact.Digital sensory experiences can also reduce carbon footprint by dematerializing products and enhancing services so that less energy and fewer resources are consumed.Also,advanced XR and holographic communication will enable a new paradigm shif
13、t in the field of healthcare,education,industries,entertainment,and so on.E-health for all is one of the 6G targets,aiming at providing cost-effective video/XR doctor consultations remotely to everyone,including in remote rural areas.Enabling immersive and inclusive hybrid learning for everyone,from
14、 anywhere is another use case with a huge societal impact.Figure 1 below provides an overview of use case categories Ericsson envisions with 6G technology:Figure 1:6G use case categoriesIn the Internet of senses,visual,audio,haptic and other technologies allow human beings to have digital sensory ex
15、periences similar to the ones experienced in the physical world.By 2030,mobile networks will support new types of intelligent entities,like AI-powered intelligent machines talking to each other.Collaborative robots or cobots is a key use case.The Internet of sensesDigitalized and programmable physic
16、al worldConnected intelligent machinesConnected sustainable worldIn the future,all physical things and places in the real world-buildings,roads,factories,farm fields,pets,etc.-will be doubled in the digital world by software and powered by AI.Digital twin is an important use case.Its of utmost impor
17、tance to minimize ICT sectors environmental footprint at the same time as the positive effects delivered by current and future mobile networks are maximised.6G use case categoriesHuman and society needsThe journey toward 6G is not straightforward and will be shaped through years of continuous learni
18、ng from the evolution of 5G,and the exploration of groundbreaking new technologies for visionary use cases.To meet these future challenges,6G needs to continue to push beyond the technical limits of 5G,moving toward immersive communication,and the omnipresent Internet of Things(IoT).In addition,enti
19、rely new capability dimensions should be explored integrating compute services and offering functionality beyond communication such as spatial and timing data.The technological path to 6G is shown in Figure 2.URLLCmMTCeMBBURLLC+mMTC+eMBB+Compute-AIservicesImmersivecommunicationGlobalbroadbandOmnipre
20、sentIoTSpatio-temporalservicesCriticalservices5G5G Advanced6GFigure 2:Growing from 5G to 6G6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum implicationsFebruary 20236The 6G use cases and their spectrum implications6G will serve a wide range of use cases.Clea
21、rly,mobile broadband will continue to be an important use case.The November 2022 issue of the Ericsson Mobility Report 2 indicated that mobile network data traffic doubled in the preceding two years.Traffic is expected to grow exponentially for many years to come,and cost-efficient support of this t
22、raffic increase is therefore of uttermost importance for 6G networks,translating into the need for additional spectrum even without considering the new use cases.When it comes to new use cases such as holographic communication,even seemingly modest requirements will significantly drive the need for
23、additional spectrum.Most applications will require both outdoor and indoor mobility and while Wi-Fi and other indoor solutions are expected to play an important role in partially offloading indoor traffic,mobile networks remain key to enabling wide-area mobility and to ensuring low delays even outsi
24、de of confined environments.What value would,for instance,the large-scale metaverse and holographic use cases add if only enabled at home?Thus,spectrum suitable for wide-area coverage must be made available.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum im
25、plicationsFebruary 20237To assess the amount of spectrum needed for holographic communication one must take the high data rates required into account.The data rate requirements are driven by the need to encode a multitude of high-resolution images of the objects captured from different angles with l
26、ow delays to facilitate a realistic and smooth viewing experience and to reduce motion sickness.The requirement of low delay restricts the possibilities for video coding,thereby posing further demands on the data rates necessary.A common estimate is that for a single user uplink and downlink,data ra
27、tes of 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s,respectively,need to be supported for high-resolution holographic communication 3.Not only is holographic communication demanding from a data rate perspective,but it is also more challenging from a capacity perspective.In a wide-area urban environment with 0.004 user/m
28、,this would translate into 1.6 Mbit/s/m in the downlink assuming that 60 percent of the traffic is offloaded to Wi-Fi.In a relatively dense three-sector network with inter-site distances of 200 m,this translates into 55 Gbit/s/site.Assuming a downlink spectral efficiency of 7.8 bit/s/Hz in each sect
29、or(noting that even though IMT-2030/6G is in general expected to have higher spectral efficiency compared to that of IMT-2020/5G,the latency requirements of holographic communication is a limiting factor),this translates into approximately 2.4 GHz of spectrum suitable for wide-area coverage.Over tim
30、e,the photo-realistic holographic communication will be complemented with multisensory extensions such as touch,taste,and smell to increase the level of immersion beyond audio-visual and realize the internet-of-senses vision.This will further drive the amount of data to handle.Clearly,the numbers de
31、pend on the assumptions made,but the fact that future holographic communication and the internet of senses will require significant amounts of spectrum suitable for wide-area coverage still holds.The massive digital twin is yet another driver for wide-area spectrum.Several digital twin applications
32、such as smart cities will require wide-area spectrum offering good capacity.For instance,building a high-precision 4D digital map of a city requires collecting data and information on the citys buildings,vehicles,roads,traffic situations,water management,sanitation,garbage collection,and electricity
33、 services,just to name a few examples.Figure 3:Evolving modes of communication 2022 to 2030 and beyond2D video communication3D augmented commnunicationSensory communicationTodays audio-visual digital communication is only a start and will in the future evolve to include additional sensory experience
34、sOur digital experiences are getting more immersive,starting with XR and evolving toward Holographic communication in 2030Multisensory extensions will over time increase the level of immersion beyond audio-visual,to other senses such as touch,taste and smell2022203020306G spectrum-enabling the futur
35、e mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum implicationsFebruary 20238Although the data rate from each sensor in many cases is modest,the sheer number of sensors results in challenges in terms of aggregated data rates.For example,assuming 15 kbit/s from each sensor and 10 sensors/m,
36、150 kbit/s/m will be required.Access to a digital twin is not only expected in very dense urban deployments,but also in less dense suburban areas where a lower spectral efficiency is expected.Noting the UL-heavy traffic connected to this use case,with an inter-site distance of 500 m and an uplink sp
37、ectral efficiency of 11 bit/s/Hz(approximately twice that of 5G),around 300 MHz of wide-area spectrum is required for communication purposes.Also,in this case,the exact numbers depend on the assumptions madefor example,no video or other high-data-rate sensors were assumed abovebut it is clear that a
38、 fair amount of wide-area spectrum is required.Figure 4:Massive digital twin,smart city example A digital copy of the real worldRadio-based sensing,that is,radar-like operations,can also provide input to the digital twin in addition to the sensors discussed above.For example,a base station located i
39、n a street intersection can be used to estimate the position or speed of vehicles to assist traffic safety applications.If 0.5 m range resolution is needed,at least 300 MHz of bandwidth is necessary.The spectrum needs for massive digital twin and radio-based sensing are in addition to what is motiva
40、ted by holographic communication as they are uncoordinated use cases by different users.This leads to in total about 3 GHz of wide-area spectrum.In addition to the use cases requiring wide-area coverage,there are also some use cases for which local area coverage is sufficient.Examples could be profe
41、ssional high-resolution holographic communication in factories and hospitals,wireless connectivity of compute units in data centers,or indoor mobile broadband.The data rates required vary depending on the use case but could easily be about 100 Gbit/s,indicating a spectrum need in the order of 1015 G
42、Hz in such a local scenario,complementing the wide-area spectrum.Finally,it is important to note that the set of use cases discussed in this section is not exhaustive and represents new use cases on top of the continued growth of existing services such as traditional mobile broadband,fixed wireless
43、access,and augmented reality(AR)/virtual reality(VR).6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum implicationsFebruary 20239The indisputable need for additional spectrum5G technology has gained a lot of interest from local regulators in recent years,and
44、efforts have been made by these agencies to allocate spectrum in low-band,mid-band,and high-band ranges.The extent of 5G deployments differs across the world,partly due to the different paces of spectrum allocations.It is expected that by 2030,enough spectrum in all these ranges would have been rele
45、ased to unlock the full potential of 5G and its evolution(5G-Advanced).Low-band spectrum or spectrum in the sub-1 GHz range,and in particular,spectrum in the 600 MHz and 700 MHz range provide the basic coverage layer for mobile networks.This is the only range that can reach remote and deep rural are
46、as,helping to bridge the digital divide and bring equal opportunities to all parts of society.Digitalization of rural areas by smart agriculture to achieve net zero emission targets also requires sub-1GHz spectrum.Additionally,connectivity everywhere while on the move(for example,rural roads)can onl
47、y be achieved with enough spectrum in this range.Sub-1 GHz is not only critical for rural areas but also for deep indoor coverage in dense areas(for example,in basements).Due to the large propagation characteristics of this range,nationwide mobile licenses represent the most suitable authorization r
48、egime.Propagation characteristics in the high-bands or mmWave range,for example,26/28 GHz or 40 GHz,on the other hand,enable high capacity in localized dense environments as well as very low latency and high reliability required for enterprises.Allocations in this range vary from nationwide to local
49、-area connectivity(with areas of different sizes)across the world.It may be noted that while deployments do not strictly require nationwide licensing,such authorization regimes indeed bring benefits,for example,in terms of investment and flexibility to deploy as necessary within a country.Mid-band s
50、pectrum is in between these ranges,providing a balance between capacity and coverage and consequently,is essential for cost-effective wide-area networks.It includes the already available 3.3-4.2 GHz and 4.4-5 GHz,and in the future will include the 6.425-7.125 GHz bands.In fact,this range has become
51、the most allocated globally for 5G,which can be evidenced by the number of devices supporting it.Enough spectrum in this range is essential to enable the continued data growth for mobile broadband and the introduction of XR across city areas,both indoors and outdoors,including mobility in the 5G era
52、.Today,due to device capability,AR/VR is confined to localized areas,but it is expected that with technological advancements in AR/VR devices,wide-area usage will be at peoples fingertips starting in 2025.This range is also key to addressing the capacity needs in major roads as well as to bringing f
53、ixed connectivity to small towns and villages not reachable by fiber,improving inclusion across society.Authorization regimes in this range must allow wide-area deployments(for example,by nationwide licensing).Additionally,this spectrum can also help address enterprise needs,for example,through mobi
54、le network operators(MNOs).Networks deployed by 2030 are expected to benefit from a more spectrally efficient technology and thus gradually migrate to 6G as per market needs.This is a common exercise today and it is expected that this will continue to happen.As a second step,communications service p
55、roviders can combine densification with acquiring additional spectrum to expand their deployments to include both macro and small cells,as required in a case-by-case scenario.The availability of the right amount of spectrum in the different ranges at the right time is key for a nation to succeed in
56、connectivity,and thus national regulators play an essential role.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum implicationsFebruary 202310Even if the spectrum available by 2030 in low,mid and high bands would be used by 5G and 6G as per market needs,given
57、 that spectrum regulations are technology neutral,this will not be enough to enable both the enhancements of 5G(5G-Advanced)as well as the 6G vision.Figure 5 illustrates the spectrum timeline from today to 2030.As calculated above,just a set of 6G use cases would require around 3 GHz of wide-area sp
58、ectrum.This is far from the amount of wide-area spectrum that will be made available by 2030 even in the optimal scenario.The amount and exact spectrum available in each nation,that allows for the best balance between coverage and capacity(that is,most cost-efficient wide-area deployments),differs l
59、argely across the world,but even when considering that all potentially available spectrum in the mid-band range to MNOs/CSPs would be used entirely to deliver these 6G use cases,spectrum shortfall is found.Figure 6 shows the spectrum needs calculated previously,the spectrum available today in the mi
60、d-band range,and the potentially maximum available spectrum in this range by 2030 for a number of countries.Assuming a simplistic calculation,in which all this spectrum would be used to address these 6G use cases,a shortfall will occur in all markets.Availability of mid-band spectrum today varies be
61、tween 700 MHz1 GHz and the potentially maximum available spectrum by 2030 in this range fluctuates between 800 MHz1.5 GHz across the markets included in the figure.This translates into a shortfall of 1.52.2 GHz of spectrum for the considered 6G use cases under the most optimistic assumptions in term
62、s of spectrum availability by 2030.Figure 5:Spectrum availability from 2022 to 2030Low(e.g.600 MHz,700 MHz)Low(e.g.600 MHz)Mid(e.g.6 GHz)Mid(e.g.3.5 GHz,4.4-4.9 GHz)Legacy 2G/3G/4G spectrumLegacy 2G/3G/4G/5G spectrumHigh(e.g.40 GHz)High(e.g.26 GHz,28 GHz)Spectrum in 2022Spectrum in 2025-20305G5G-Adv
63、ancedAmount of existing or confirmed mid-band MNO spectrum(UL+DL)Maximum potentially available mid-band spectrum(below 7.125 GHz)by 20300500 MHz1 GHz1.5 GHz2 GHz2.5 GHzBrazilChinaFranceJapanSaudiUAEUKUS3 GHzWide-area spectrum needs for the studied 6G use casesFigure 6:Wide area spectrum needs for st
64、udied 6G use cases compared with available and maximum potentially available mid-band spectrum by 2030 6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The 6G use cases and their spectrum implicationsFebruary 202311These numbers will have to be studied further in the future to add further prec
65、ision,noting that less optimistic assumptions on the available wide-area spectrum by 2030 could result in a higher shortfall than indicated here.In order to achieve coverage,as wide as possible,spectrum must be considered in the closest proximity to mid-bands,the 715 GHz centimetric range,noting tha
66、t there are also propagation differences within this range and again,the closer to the mid-band range(below 7 GHz),the larger the reuse of the existing grid and thus reduction of the number of new sites,costs,and power consumption.Whereas spectrum above 15 GHz,that is,15-24 GHz,if made available can
67、not replace the crucial spectrum below 15 GHz,it may complement the capacity needs for 6G in particular geographical areas(for example,where user density is high).For certain use cases,which require extreme data rates,the spectrum needs go beyond 10 GHz,as explained above.However,these are more loca
68、lized use cases for which a higher frequency range offering larger amounts of available spectrum can be considered(that is,sub-THz range)to maximize efficient use of spectrum.Figure 7:Possible new 6G spectrum rangesSpectrum range for future radio access1 GHzThe essential Centimetric rangeThe complem
69、entary Sub-THz range3 GHz10 GHz30 GHz100 GHz300 GHzCurrent 5G spectrum rangePossible new 6G spectrum rangeFigure 8:Bandwidth and coverage characteristics for the different spectrum rangesBandwidthSub-TerahertzMillimeterwaveCoverageCentimeterMidband Lowband Figure 8 draws a summary of the characteris
70、tics of a 6G multi-layer network,including existing and future spectrum(from the low band to the sub-THz range).6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The importance of the 7-15 GHz centimetric rangeFebruary 202312The importance of the 7-15 GHz centimetric rangeAs previously mentione
71、d,the additional spectrum from within the 715 GHz range is necessary to realize the capacity-demanding use cases in future 6G networks and is key to enabling mobility for many of these use cases.In fact,mobility and coverage restrictions would deprive such use cases of their full potential and value
72、 to society.From a coverage point of view,the lower the frequency bands are,the wider the area that can be covered.This naturally rules out high frequency bands and points toward the nearest range to mid-bands,namely the centimetric range where the envisioned futuristic life can be made mobile.Figur
73、e 9 below depicts the main driving use cases 4 for additional spectrum in the centimetric 715 GHz range.Figure 9:Main driving 6G use cases in the 7-15 GHz centimetric range Traditional Mobile BroadbandServing more people and increasingly data-hungry mobile applications(Mobile network data traffic do
74、ubledin the last 2 years 2).Internet of sensesInteracting with our senses of sight,sound,taste,smell and touch across the internet may further drivenetwork traffic.Massive digital twinSmart cities and high precision positioning such as interactive 4D maps of whole cities that are precise in position
75、 and time are yet another driving force.Adv-XR and Holographic communicationsXR and its evolution to support Holographic communications is expected to be the next paradigm shift after the smartphone,thus a main driver.Main drivers of spectrumneeds in 7-15 GHz6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile li
76、fe beyond 2030The importance of the 7-15 GHz centimetric rangeFebruary 202313Potential frequency bands in the 7-15 GHz rangeEricsson has carried out an analysis of the current usage and future trends in the different bands and evaluated the characteristics of the different frequency ranges to better
77、 understand their respective capabilities and limitations.Primary allocations to the mobile and fixed services in the 7-15 GHz range exist today in the International Telecommunication Union Radio Regulations(ITU-RR)together with primary allocations to other services,hence the existing use of this sa
78、me spectrum by other services requires careful consideration.Hence,studying coexistence with these co-primary incumbent services will be an important task in the coming years.Figure 10 provides some initial conclusions regarding the bands that have sharing potential with incumbents.The figure also d
79、epicts existing information on already ongoing national considerations in the US 5,6,7.While not all these bands may become globally harmonized,harmonization of spectrum bands and technical conditions remains at the core of a healthy product ecosystem,which would benefit both business and society.Fi
80、gure 10:Bands from within the 7-15 GHz with potential for further studiesUnder consideration inthe US,Nato bandBands with potiential for studies-Incumbent services to be consideredNot in focus7.125 GHz8.5 GHz10GHz10.5GHz10.7GHz11.7GHz12.2GHz12.75GHz13.25GHz14GHz14.5GHz15.35GHz12.2-12.7 GHzNPRM by th
81、e FCCNOI by the FCCWRC-23 AI1.2What could be noted at this stage is that some services are less challenging than others in terms of coexistence with 6G mobile networks.For instance,coexistence with the uplink of the satellite service(that is,where the satellite receiver up in the sky would need to b
82、e protected from 6G interference)could potentially be achieved by controlling the energy sent by 6G in the direction of the sky.Another example is coexistence with the fixed service,where solutions such as geographical coordination could be applied.Spectrum sharing and coexistence capabilities are b
83、ecoming more important than ever due to the difficulty of finding a clean spectrum and the determined goal of efficiently using scarce spectrum resources.Ericsson recognizes the challenge and is committed to exploring this area.Ericsson is developing a RAN system testbed for the centimetric range 7-
84、15 GHz.The testbed contains radio and baseband prototypes for both RAN infrastructure and user equipment and will be used for outdoor trials in small test networks.The focus is on wideband and multiband features to accommodate different spectrum opportunities.Figure 11:Base station radio prototype f
85、or Ericssons testbed in the 7-15 GHz range6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The importance of the 7-15 GHz centimetric rangeFebruary 202314Finally,it must also be emphasized that authorization regimes in the centimetric range should enable mobility for different use cases to bes
86、t benefit citizens.It is expected that the use cases in this range will mainly require capacity in busy areas(that is,across cities).Mobile service providers would require wide-area licenses to best plan their network investments.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The complementa
87、ry role of the sub-THz range(92-300 GHz)for niche scenariosFebruary 202315The complementary role of the sub-THz range(92-300 GHz)for niche scenariosThe extremely high frequency range of 92-300 GHz has the potential to provide wide blocks of lightly used,or even unused spectrum,which contributes to i
88、ts unique yet challenging nature.The sub-THz range can uniquely offer the Terabits per second(Tbps)speeds and extremely low latencies that will be key enablers for niche 6G use cases.However,this benefit comes with limitations in terms of coverage and mobility.Such extreme performance will be requir
89、ed in certain areas and scenarios,for example,direct device-to-device communications or extreme gaming.The characteristics of this range make it complementary and,thus it cannot substitute the need for lower frequencies(for example,centimetric waves)to enable the coverage and mobility that will be t
90、he prime requirements for most 6G use cases.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The complementary role of the sub-THz range(92-300 GHz)for niche scenariosFebruary 202316Potential frequency bands in the sub-THz rangePhysics and technological development are two main elements to con
91、sider when exploring this frequency range.The former favors the lowest possible frequencies and their advantageous propagation characteristics compared to the higher frequencies of this range and precludes frequencies associated with atmospheric attenuation peaks.It is crucial to consider the attenu
92、ation factor in a frequency range where the size of the wavelengths is close to that of typical raindrops.The technological development and component maturity factors also indicate yet another advantage of the lower edge of the sub-THz range.The use of the sub-THz frequency range relies on the devel
93、opment of components and an equipment ecosystem.This will need time to reach maturity,starting from the lowest sub-THz frequencies and slowly moving upwards in frequency.Combining the above facts,the emergence of two bands,the W and D bands,can be seen.Figure 12 provides a simplified view of the ITU
94、-RR frequency allocations for the W and D bands,respectively.These bands are of interest for both 6G access and Xhaul(for example,Fronthaul,backhaul)networks.Hence,a solution that accommodates the needs of both services and ensures an equally powerful Xhaul development to support future access netwo
95、rks and their extreme requirements should be considered.In fact,the W band could offer the extreme bandwidth(that is,about 15 GHz in total)for 6G access,while the D band with its 30 GHz of bandwidth would be needed for Xhaul evolution.It is to be noted though that the usage of the D band does not ne
96、cessarily need to be limited to Xhaul.Pending on coexistence with 6G access,this band would offer additional capacity and possibilities for many 6G sub-THz use cases and applications.Ericsson is developing a testbed RAN system in the sub-THz frequency range,using the band 92100 GHz,providing a peak
97、throughput higher than 100 Gbps.Through tight integration of radio components and very high antenna gains employing beam forming on both the network and device side,the system will be able to provide mobility in a limited coverage area.Looking at the sub-THz range,it is expected that a combination o
98、f licensed(including W and D bands)and unlicensed bands will satisfy the various 6G use cases,depending on requirements and types of deployment.As for previous mobile generations,6G use cases Figure 12:Simplified view of ITU-RR frequency allocations for the W and D bandsBands for Mobile/FixedOther s
99、ervicesProhibited emissions92GHz95GHz94GHz105GHz109.5GHz114.25GHz116GHz119.98GHz94.1 GHz100GHz102GHz111.8GHz2 GHz5.9 GHz7.5 GHz2.45 GHz151.5GHz148.5GHz141GHz122.25GHz123GHz130GHz134GHz136GHz164GHz167GHz174.8GHz0.75 GHz4 GHz7.5 GHz12.5 GHz7.8 GHz6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030
100、The complementary role of the sub-THz range(92-300 GHz)for niche scenariosFebruary 202317requiring QoS or reliability will require a licensing regime that ensures predictability,both in terms of spectrum availability and interference,which in turn enables investments.It is to be noted that the type
101、of licenses that would be required in the case of such high frequency bands will most likely be for confined areas.On the other hand,other use cases that can be delivered on a best effort basis(i.e.,without guarantees),can work under an unlicensed regime,which also opens the doors for experimental r
102、esearch.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The pathway to 6G spectrumFebruary 202318The pathway to 6G spectrumAs for previous generations,both technology and policy need to be in place for the success of 6G.Standardization work for 6G is already underway both in 3GPP and ITU-R.IT
103、U-R is currently working on the trends for the technology development of the International Mobile Telecommunications(IMT)and the ITU Vision for IMT-2030/6G.The ITU IMT-2030 standardization is expected to be finalized by 2030 while 3GPP will be finalized a bit earlier;Ericsson expects that the first
104、implementable 3GPP 6G specification will be available in 2028,thus spectrum needs to be available accordingly.The process for providing sufficient 6G spectrum requires contributions from and cooperation between several stakeholders,including vendors of mobile equipment,MNOs,spectrum regulators,repre
105、sentatives of other services(incumbents),and research organizations.Vendors and research organizations together develop the technology for the new generation of mobile networks.Vendors and CSPs/MNOs provide input on expected spectrum needs and associated timing as well as spectrums characteristics f
106、or deployment,and subsequently,all involved stakeholders collaborate on assessing these needs and on the required regulatory changes.Spectrum regulators need to take into account these needs and overall societal needs,including other services.Figure 13:Ericssons view on ITU-R and 3GPP timelines simp
107、lified view202420252026202720282029203020232022202120202031Member input on requirements Outside and inside of ITU Evaluation Consensus building Outcome&Decision“IMT-2030”specifications Rel-22(RAN)Rel-18(RAN)Rel-19(RAN)Rel-20(RAN)Rel-21(RAN)Rel-23(RAN)6G requirements (SA1+RAN)6G study items (RAN and
108、Core)6G work items(RAN and Core)6G evolution(RAN and Core)Vision of systems beyond IMT-2020 Technical performance requirements Evaluation criteria&method Submission templates Outside of ITU Technology Proposals for“IMT-2030”Future Technology trends202220242023202520262027202820292030Workshop”Concept
109、”based on initial specifications Complete specifications for IMT-2030 First implementable specifications WRC-23WRC-27Rel-17(RAN)2021202020316G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030The pathway to 6G spectrumFebruary 202319Access to spectrum can be achieved in different ways,such as thr
110、ough the ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences(WRC),regional decisions,or decisions on a per country basis.Whichever method is pursued,harmonization of the selected frequency bands and technical conditions on ideally a global or at least regional basis is key to unlocking economies of scale and p
111、roviding numerous benefits to consumers and enterprises across many markets.This blueprint has been demonstrated by the success of previous generations of mobile networks.The ITU process involves decisions taken at WRCs that take place roughly every four years.Whereas a global,regional,or country al
112、location of a frequency band to the mobile service together with an IMT identification does not imply a requirement for the implementation of IMT in any country,it is nevertheless an important opportunity for harmonization of IMT frequency bands that provides a critical message to the ICT industry t
113、o deliver equipment(The intention of an identification of a frequency band for IMT is to provide equipment manufacturers with guidance on which spectrum may be made available for IMT services.Such identification is not binding for any country or region and does not preclude the use of the frequency
114、band for other services).This harmonization opportunity deserves particular attention.Whereas modern equipment does support larger bandwidths,allowing for adaptability to national or regional circumstances,it is still critical to have a large degree of harmonization.For instance,the 3 GHz frequency
115、range(within 3.3-4.2 GHz)is used for 5G on a global basis with some variations between different countries,but with the different frequency bands used in close proximity to each other providing substantial design advantages for equipment vendors.This frequency range has been harmonized through a mix
116、ture of WRC and regional decisions.Furthermore,the ITUs work provides a well-defined process for studying and deciding on the technical conditions for a set of frequency bands to be applicable for a large part of the world,through so-called sharing studies,for the avoidance of harmful interference b
117、etween different services,which otherwise would have to be handled on a regional basis.Additionally,some of the services to be protected require a global approach for protection,for example,satellite services.The ITU process as described above starts with a decision at a WRC to define an agenda item
118、,which is followed by ITU studies and a decision being made at the following conference.For the 6G spectrum to be delivered in time through an IMT identification for certain frequency bands,such an agenda item would need to be defined at WRC-23 with a decision made at WRC-27.Subsequent to this proce
119、ss,frequency arrangements are decided regionally or by country,followed by licensing.Noting that this part of the process also requires some years of work,the ITUs work needs to be finalized with some margin before 2030,in time for the initial 6G deployments.As an alternative to the ITU process,deci
120、sions to make spectrum available for 6G could be taken by regions or countries.One example of this is the regional process within subregions in Region 1,notably in the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations group(CEPT)and the Arab Spectrum Management Group(ASMG),that le
121、d to the harmonization of 3.43.8 GHz for 5G.Whereas 3.43.6 GHz had been identified for IMT in Region 1 at WRC-15,3.63.8 GHz had neither primary mobile allocation nor IMT identification.Europe and ASMG nevertheless reached an agreement to use the entire 3.43.8 GHz for 5G,which provided harmonization
122、for a large part of the region(ITU Region 1),and notably with considerable overlap for the 5G spectrum in other parts of the world.Whereas there are some examples of successful regional or country initiatives,this also requires additional efforts to secure cross-regional/country harmonization.Thus,t
123、he ITU WRCs remain the preferred alternative for large-scale harmonization.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030ConclusionFebruary 202320ConclusionThe next generation of mobile wireless communication,6G,is already intensely discussed within the ICT industry and in academia.Countrie
124、s and regions have initiated large research projects,and plans are being made for the standardization of this next generation.A critical component for the success of 6G is the availability of sufficient spectrum in a timely manner.Spectrum targeting 6G use cases must be made available at the same pa
125、ce as technology evolves to meet capacity demands and other communication requirements.Noting the timing of activities mentioned above with the first commercial deployments in 2030 and the time-consuming process for licensing spectrum,activities toward ensuring spectrum availability for 6G need to b
126、e initiated as soon as possible.In this whitepaper,several capacity-requiring 6G use cases have been explored and the need for additional spectrum both for wide-area use cases as well as more localized ones have been estimated.The wide area ones require about 3 GHz of wide-area spectrum and reflect
127、the need for outdoor and indoor mobility.Examples of such use cases are holographic communication,the internet of senses,massive digital twins,and the exponential increase in mobile broadband communication.The characteristics of such use cases imply that the existing mid-band spectrum will be insuff
128、icient to meet capacity needs and that the mmWave spectrum will be unable to provide the coverage needed.The conclusion is that larger bandwidths than mid-band will be required,but in proximity to the mid-band spectrum to provide similar propagation characteristics.The 7 15 GHz centimetric range is
129、thus recommended and studied in some detail in this white paper with the aim of providing 1.5-2.2 GHz of additional spectrum,noting that characteristics within this range differ and the closer to mid-bands the larger the re-use of existing network grids.In particular,Ericssons initial analysis concl
130、udes that the bands 7.125-8.5 GHz,10.7-13.25 GHz,and 14-15.35 GHz are ranges with the potential to be studied further,pending further input from regulators.Wide-area licensing is recommended within these ranges.The localized set of use cases reflects user needs for extreme data rates in niche scenar
131、ios.Examples are remote surgery and professional high-resolution holographic communication,for which beyond 10 GHz of needed spectrum has been calculated.For these specific use cases that may have extremely high bitrate requirements,spectrum in the sub-THz frequency range may be suitable.Coverage is
132、 limited,but extremely high bitrates can be provided,indeed Terabits per second;the W band is recommended for such use.Additionally,the envisioned band for the evolution of Xhaul,that is,the D band,is an opportunity to explore in terms of sharing.Nevertheless,it is important to indicate that a 6G sp
133、ectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030ConclusionFebruary 202321licensing regime is recommended in these bands with consideration of the area to cover.Spectrum authorization in other bands within the sub-THz range is expected to be partly licensed and partly license exempted,depending on
134、requirements and types of deployment.QoS or reliability demands(that is,availability,interference free operations)point to a licensing regime to ensure predictability.In summary,whereas it will be possible to deploy 6G in the existing spectrum and additional 5G/5G-Advanced spectrum available by 2030
135、(under technology neutral spectrum regulations),there is also a critical need to provide additional spectrum in the 7-15 GHz centimetric range,and ideally as close as possible to the mid-band range.In addition,the complementary sub-THz range should be considered where substantially larger spectrum c
136、hunks could be made available,but with restricted coverage.It is recommended that the work for obtaining spectrum within the centimetric frequency range is carried out within ITU-R,aiming for an IMT identification from the World Radiocommunication Conference of 2027,to provide the advantages of spec
137、trum harmonization.Such an agenda item may also incorporate the sub-THz spectrum,though not at the expense of the centimetric range.The effort required for the 6G spectrum must be shared by different stakeholders,including regulators,service providers,and vendors.2023 is an important year to define
138、an agenda item for WRC-27(via WRC-23),including frequency ranges to be studied,and to make further progress on understanding the use cases and their spectrum requirements.The period in between the WRCs would then provide time for investigations to ensure compatibility with incumbents,again involving
139、 various stakeholders.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030GlossaryFebruary 202322GlossaryAR Augmented realityASMG Arab Spectrum Management GroupCSPs Communication services providersCEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications AdministrationsFWA Fixed wireless accessIC
140、T Information and communication technologyIMT International Mobile TelecommunicationsITU International Telecommunication UnionIoT Internet of ThingsMNOs Mobile network operatorsQoS Quality of ServiceRAN Radio access networkVR Virtual realityWRC World Radiocommunication ConferenceXR Extended reality6
141、G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030ReferencesFebruary 202323References1.6G Connecting a cyber-physical world-Ericsson2.Ericsson Mobility Report November 20223.Targets and requirements for 6G initial E2E architecture,Hexa-X project,deliverable D1.34.6G Follow the journey to the nex
142、t generation5.Keynote remarks of FCC Commissioner Brendan Carr-extending Americas 5G leadership 6.Expanding Flexible Use of the 12.212.7 GHz Band,et al.,WT Docket No.20443,Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,36 FCC Rcd 606(2021)(NPRM).7.Expanding Use of the 12.7-13.25 GHz Band for Mobile Broadband or Othe
143、r Expanded Use,GN Docket No.22-352.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030Further readingFebruary 202324Further reading1.Public Policy and Government Affairs2.Sub-terahertz communication in 6G3.6G Connecting a cyber-physical world-Ericsson4.6G Follow the journey to the next generatio
144、n6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030AuthorsFebruary 202325AuthorsEliane Semaan is a member of the team developing and driving Ericssons global spectrum strategy.One of her current focus areas is ensuring spectrum availability for 6G to enable the 6G vision and to realize the envi
145、sioned 6G use cases.Before taking on this role,and after a long journey at Ericsson Research,Eliane held a role within global product compliance and market introduction of Ericssons products,covering several regulatory aspects,including spectrum regulations.Eliane graduated from Kungliga Tekniska Hg
146、skolan(KTH),Sweden,where she received her masters degree in Wireless systems.Prior to that,she studied Electrical engineering at Universit Saint Joseph(Lebanon).Erika Tejedor is Director of Government and Policy Advocacy at Ericsson and focuses on ensuring harmonized future spectrum availability for
147、 mobile globally,with focus on 5G and 6G.During her career,she has focused on spectrum from different perspectives:research,product development,3GPP RAN4 and ETSI standardization as well as spectrum regulation.At the moment,Erika focuses on spectrum policy strategies,ITU-R activities and coordinatio
148、n of spectrum related work across the different regions.Erika graduated from the University of Zaragoza(Spain)and the Linkping University(Sweden)and holds a Master in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Wireless Communications.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030AuthorsFebr
149、uary 202326Rajat Kumar Kochhar is a Communications Director CTO office at Ericsson focusing on standardization,technology thought leadership and industry initiatives.Rajat is a keen evangelist for emerging technologies with a focus on 5G,AI,IoT,CEM&Blockchain.Prior to his present role,Rajat was base
150、d in Sweden as a Senior Specialist for 5G test tools architecture and design.Rajat had also held roles in Ericssons other business units focusing on customer experience and network operations working on AI,automation,and providing consultancy to CSPs.Having worked in telecom for around 18 years,Raja
151、t currently sits on the Industry/Research Advisory Committee for the International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications.He holds a masters degree in Informatics and a bachelors degree in Electronics,both from Delhi University,India.Sverker Magnusson is Head of Spectrum and Technical Regu
152、lation at Ericssons Group Function Technology unit.Previous to this position he worked at Ericsson Research,focusing on spectrum matters and radio resource management.He holds a PhD in Operations Research from Cornell University,New York,and a MSc in Engineering Physics from The Royal Institute of T
153、echnology,Stockholm.6G spectrum-enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030AuthorsFebruary 202327Stefan Parkvall is a Senior Expert at Ericsson Research,working with 5G and future radio access.He is one of the key persons in the development of HSPA,LTE and NR radio access and has been deeply involve
154、d in 3GPP standardization for many years.Dr Parkvall is a fellow of the IEEE and served as an IEEE Distinguished lecturer 2011-2012.He is co-author of the popular books 3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband,HSPA evolution the Fundamentals for Mobile Broadband,4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile
155、Broadband,4G,LTE Advanced Pro and the Road to 5G,and 5G NR The Next Generation Wireless Access.Dr.Parkvall has more than 1000 patents in the area of mobile communication.In 2005,he received the Ericsson Inventor of the Year award,in 2009 the Swedish governments Major Technical Award for contribution
156、s to the success of HSPA,and in 2014 he and Ericsson colleagues were among the finalists for the European Inventor Award for their contributions to LTE.Dr Parkvall holds a Ph.D.in electrical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)in Stockholm,Sweden.Previous positions include assistant professor in communication theory at KTH,and visiting researcher at University of California,San Diego,USA.