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1、About GFIs State of the Industry Report seriesGFIs State of the Industry Report series is our annual alternative protein sectordeep-dive.The series compiles business developments,key technologies,policyupdates,and scientific breakthroughs from around the world that are advancing theentire field.This
2、 years reports include:Cultivated meat and seafoodFermentation:Meat,seafood,eggs,and dairyPlant-based meat,seafood,eggs,and dairyPublic investment in alternative proteins to feed a growing worldThis report covers government support for and regulation of alternative proteins inregions where the Good
3、Food Institute(GFI)has a focus.It is comprehensive throughthe end of 2022,with a distillation of global highlights from the first six months of 2023page 47.For detailed information on government policy and regulatory actions before2022,please see GFIs 2021 State of Global Policy Report.All dollar am
4、ounts in thisreport are U.S.dollars unless indicated otherwise.Stay connectedNewsletters|GFIs suite of expertly curated newsletters puts timely news,insights,andopportunities right in your inbox.Check out gfi.org/newsletters to find the ones most suited toyour interests.Monthly seminar series|Each m
5、onth,we host online seminars with leading experts fromaround the world:The Business of Alt Protein series is geared toward a commercially focusedaudience on topics related to starting and scaling a good food business.The Science of AltProtein series addresses a technical audience and focuses on cutt
6、ing-edge researchdevelopments that enable alternative protein innovation.This State of Global Policy Report,and all of GFIs work,is made possible bygifts and grants from our global family of donors.If you are interested inlearning more about giving to GFI,please visit here or contactphilanthropygfi.
7、org.State of Global Policy Report2Key findingsPublic investmentPublic funding for alternative proteins increased significantly,withgovernments worldwide more than doubling their investments in2022 alone.GFI estimates that governments invested$635million in the alternative protein ecosystem in 2022,i
8、ncludingapproximately$180 million on research and development,$290million on commercialization,and$165 million on initiatives thatmixed elements of both.As a result,all-time public support for thealternative protein ecosystem has likely surpassed$1 billion.Regulatory processThe United States became
9、the second country after Singapore tocomplete a premarket consultation for cultivated meat.FoodStandards Australia New Zealand(FSANZ)became the thirdregulatory body to receive an application for cultivated meat,andIsrael granted regulatory approval for the countrys first precisionfermentation-derive
10、d animal protein.Legislative landscapeCourts have largely rejected,overturned,or temporarilysuspended efforts to constrain alternative protein sales throughlabeling restrictions,though a ban on plant-based cheese inTrkiye remains in effect.Far greater supportneededGovernments increased their financi
11、al,political,and regulatorysupport for alternative proteins in 2022 but have yet to approachthe annual support needed to realize alternative proteins benefitsto the economy,climate,and global food system.Policymakersshould consider increasing funding for research and developmentand product commercia
12、lization,as well as for regulatoryinstruments to ensure the safe,fair,and reliable entry ofalternative proteins to the market.State of Global Policy Report3Table of ContentsKey findings and executive summary.6Emerging leaders.11Alternative protein updates by country.12Americas.12Asia.19Australia.26E
13、urope.29Middle East and Africa.39Global coordination.45A look at 2023.46Conclusion.50Appendix 1:GFIs positions.52Appendix 2:Research funding tables.55State of Global Policy Report4Executive summaryFew could have predicted the events that shaped the global food system in 2022.The year started witha f
14、ragile world economys rocky recovery from the shocks of the Covid-19 pandemic.Geopoliticalturmoil throughout the year caused crop and fertilizer shortages worldwide,increasing global foodprices and casting once-reliable food and feed supplies in doubt.Meanwhile,the spread of Africanswine fever and a
15、vian flu afflicted their respective industries.Prices for a variety of foods soared,prompting worries that food insecurity and even famine would fuel global unrest and instability.Thankfully,most food prices returned to their previous levels by the end of the year.The lesson forgovernments,however,h
16、as not faded:in a world in which distant events are felt at supermarketsfrom Seoul to So Paulo,the reliable domestic production of foodespecially proteinis not simplya matter of good economics but also national security.Animal protein production requires one-thirdof the worlds human-grade staple cro
17、ps but creates a significantly smaller fraction of the humandiet,representing a key area for improving global food security.For these reasons and many others,alternative proteins began to earn unprecedented support fromgovernments around the globe in 2022.More governments actively participated in re
18、searching,scaling up,and domestically producing alternative proteins than ever before.The higher level ofpublic investment also represented a far more diverse array of perspectives,motivations,andstrategies than in previous years.What are alternative proteins?Alternative proteins are proteins produc
19、ed from plants or animal cells,or by way of fermentation.These innovative foods are designed to taste the same as or better than conventional animalproducts while costing the same or less.Compared to conventionally produced animal products,alternative proteins require fewer inputs,such as land,ferti
20、lizer,and water,and generate far fewer negative externalities,such as greenhousegas emissions and air pollution.They also cut food productions contribution to pandemic risk andantimicrobial resistance.Some of these products are available to consumers today,including numerous plant-based andfermentat
21、ion-derived options.Others,such as cultivated meat and seafood,remain primarily indevelopment.State of Global Policy Report5Plant-based meat is produced directly from plants.Instead of relying on an animal to convert plants intomeat,we can make meat more efficiently by skipping theanimal and turning
22、 plant ingredients into meat.Likeanimal-based meat,plant-based meat comprisesprotein,fat,vitamins,minerals,and water.Next-generation plant-based meat looks,cooks,andtastes like conventional meat while containing less fat,more fiber,and no cholesterol.Image courtesy of Beyond MeatCultivated meat is m
23、eat produced directly from animalcells.Cultivating meat uses the basic elements neededto build muscle and fat and enables the samebiological process that happens inside an animal.Atthe cellular level,cultivated meat is identical toconventional meat.Current life cycle analyses showthat compared to co
24、nventional beef,cultivated beef ismore efficient to produce while also avoiding risks ofcontamination and disease.Image courtesy of GOOD MeatFermentation is a powerful,flexible process for usingmicroorganisms to produce alternative proteins.Biomass fermentation uses the high protein content andrapid
25、 growth of microorganisms to make large amountsof protein-rich food efficiently.Precision fermentationuses microorganisms to produce specific proteins,enzymes,flavor molecules,vitamins,pigments,and fats.The microorganisms are programmed to be productionfactories and the final product is extracted in
26、 a pureform.This is how insulin for diabetic patients isproduced,as well as rennet for cheese.Image courtesy of Atlast Food Co.State of Global Policy Report6Governments more than doubled the amount of financialsupport for advancing alternative proteins in 2022.Singapore boosted funding for the Singa
27、pore Food Story R&D Programmes secondphase,which prominently includes“developing future foods,”with an additional SGD 165million($123 million)on top of the SGD 144 million($108 million)dedicated in 2020.Denmark outpaced other nations in plant-based investments with a nearly DKK 675million($99.4 mill
28、ion)investment in a fund to advance the plant-based food industry.The Netherlands set the world record for funding cultivated meat and cellular agriculturecapabilities by committing over 60 million($66.2 million)to“building a full cellularagriculture ecosystem.”That investment will fund cultivated m
29、eat and fermentationresearch,commercialization,education,and workforce transition programs.Israel,an established alternative protein leader,committed over$26 million in 2022 toan array of alternative protein research projects and infrastructure developmentprograms,including an$18 million cultivated
30、meat consortium.Finland,which previously had only invested lightly in alternative proteins,is nearly atthe front of the pack with a 34 million($37.3 million)grant to a startup that producesedible protein from hydrogen.France,which attempted to restrict plant-based meat labeling in 2022,simultaneousl
31、yinvested at least 30 million($33 million)in research on plant-based proteinfunctionality and 10.4 million($11.4 million)towards helping a plant-based meatproducer buy and retrofit a production facility.State of Global Policy Report7Amid the global stresses in2022,some countries soughtto protect the
32、mselves fromvulnerable supply chains byinvesting in cellular agriculturecapabilities and increasingtheir domestic production ofprotein-rich foods.Singapore,already a world leader in cultivated meat researchand development(R&D),recommitted to food security throughcellular agriculture after neighborin
33、g Malaysia banned the exportof live chickens from June to October of 2022 in response toskyrocketing domestic food prices,impacting one-third ofSingapores chicken supply.Other countries leveragedalternative proteins ability tocreate nutritious food usingexcess or undervaluedresources to fit their st
34、rategicadvantages.Omans sovereign wealth fund matched the countrysover-production of dates to their under-production ofhigh-protein foods by investing in a facility that will convertexcess dates to feedstock for a protein-rich biomassfermentation operation.Meanwhile,Australia,Canada,andDenmark inves
35、ted significant sums in plant-based food researchand commercialization programs to create higher-valueindustries that source specific crops from domestic farmers.As governments continued toset or pursue goals forreducing greenhouse gasemissions,some policymakersconsidered alternative proteinsas a to
36、ol to reduce emissionsfrom food systems.More than 100 nations signed on to the Global Methane Pledgeat the United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP26)inNovember 2021,pledging to reduce methane emissions by 30percent by 2030.With 30 percent of current methane emissionscoming from animal agricultu
37、re already,several considered waysto shift meat and dairy production to lower-impact methods.In2022,COP27 featured food production for the first time with twopavilions dedicated to transforming food systems,including onecohosted by GFI.Israels government pavilion highlightedalternative proteins and
38、dubbed the country“the land ofalternative milk,alternative honey,and alternative meat,”whilethe government of Singapore arranged for the first-ever servingof cultivated meat outside its borders at the conference.State of Global Policy Report8The worlds largest economiestook notice of alternativeprot
39、eins in 2022,with theheads of state of both theUnited States and Chinarecognizing alternative proteinsas promising future industriesin their respective nations.In September 2022,U.S.President Joe Biden released anexecutive order to promote the American bioeconomy,anddirected the heads of relevant ag
40、encies to report on how theycan support biotechnology R&D,including a report from the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA)on“cultivating alternative foodsources.”Earlier in the year,President Xi Jinping of Chinastressed the importance of protein diversification in a speech tothe Two Sessions,Chinas m
41、ost important political conference.Altogether,governmentsinvested or committed anestimated$635 million inalternative proteins in 2022,including approximately$180million on R&D,$290 millionon commercialization andinfrastructure,and$165million on initiatives thatcombined elements of both.This figure m
42、ore than doubles the amount of cumulative publicfunding for alternative proteins and likely brought the totalall-time government support to over$1 billion for the first time.This figure represents a low estimate of all-time funding,as itdoes not include research unknown to GFI or from countries that
43、do not report funding totals.Even with all of these commitments,the emerging alternativeprotein ecosystem needs significantly more public investment inboth R&D and support for commercialization to reach its fullpotential in creating jobs,diversifying domestic food supplies,and mitigating the impacts
44、 of climate change.A GlobalInnovation Needs Assessment commissioned by the UK Foreign,Commonwealth and Development Office and the ClimateWorksFoundation found that the alternative protein sector couldsupport 9.8 million jobs and$1.1 trillion in economic value by2050,but only if governments worldwide
45、 commit$4.4 billion toR&D and$5.7 billion to commercialization on an annual basis.These investments will advance the science of alternativeproteins and ensure that the private sector can finance,construct,and operate enough large-scale facilities to meet thegrowing global demand for protein.Governme
46、nts worldwideshould work collaboratively to reach this$10.1 billion per yeargoal,as this field promises to benefit many nations economies ifproperly resourced.11For more information on the$4.4B/$5.7B breakdown,see the conclusion.State of Global Policy Report9Governments also developedregulatory stan
47、dards to ensurethe safety of alternativeproteins and labelingframeworks to ensureor insome cases preventtheir fairrepresentation to consumers.Governments can ensure that alternative proteins are safe forconsumption and marketed to consumers responsibly withoutimposing unnecessary costs on producers
48、or consumers.In a major milestone,the U.S.Food and Drug Administrationcompleted a premarket consultation for UPSIDE Foodscultivated chicken in 2022,clearing the way for its eventual entryinto the massive U.S.marketplace.Singapore,which was longthe only country to have approved the sale of cultivated
49、 meatproducts,approved multiple new products in 2022,includingnew cultivated meat products and fermentation-derivedingredients,such as Solar Foods“protein from thin air.”Attempts to censor labels onalternative protein products,for example by banning the useof meat terms on plant-basedor cultivated m
50、eat,saw anupswing in 2022.Previously,they failed to pass(in Europe and some U.S.states),were overturned(in Switzerland and some U.S.states),or werepreemptively blocked(in Japan).In 2022,France and SouthAfrica instituted and temporarily overturned two additionallabeling restrictions,and Trkiye banned
51、 the sale of plant-basedcheese.Labeling restrictions on alternative meat or dairyproducts are currently in place in India,Canada,the EuropeanUnion,and several U.S.states.Alternative proteins are a crucial global solution that can advance foodsecurity,climate-smart agriculture,and pandemic prevention
52、 whileproviding consumers with the foods they want.Governments increased theirinvestment in alternative proteins in 2022,providing the sector with more ofthe knowledge,commercialization support,and regulatory clarity needed tobuild and scale a global industry on a crisis timeline.This State of Globa
53、l Policy Report showcases the actions governments took to position themselvesas the future economic powerhouses of a potentially trillion-dollar,security-enhancing,sociallybeneficial,and climate-friendly global industry.State of Global Policy Report10Emerging leaders in alternative proteinsPowering
54、plant-based:Denmark incentivized farmers to grow protein-rich crops and announced a record-breaking DKK675 million($99.4 million)investment in a Plant Fund to support the countrys growingplant-based foods sector.The move will help Denmark reach their climate goals.Canada worked toward becoming a pla
55、nt-based powerhouse.With over CAD 171 million($127million)invested through the end of 2022,Protein Industries Canada helped develop value-addedplant-based products for Canadian farmers,while Invest in Canada promoted the sector.Building the future of cultivated:The Netherlands,known for their innova
56、tion in agriculture,invested a record-breaking 60million($66.2 million)in“building a full cellular agriculture system.”The program will fundresearch,workforce training,and commercialization.Singapore made progress toward self-sufficiency in protein production with further investmentsin cultivated me
57、at,as well as granting regulatory approval to more products and forginginternational partnerships to jointly develop new technologies.Providing infrastructure and capital investments:Israel took steps to maintain their burgeoning alternative protein sector with NIS 50 million($14million)for building
58、 fermentation facilities and by launching the largest government-backedcultivated meat consortium to date,involving top food producers and academic labs.Australia not only diversified their protein industry with strategic investments in cellularagriculture projects but also granted AUD 113 million($
59、74.6 million)to build three plant proteinfacilities and develop a regional presence in the industry.Notable newcomers:South Korea stepped up their alternative protein investments,granting$15 million for cultivatedmeat development and an unspecified grant for commercializing plant-based pork belly.Sw
60、edens Environmental Protection Agency invested SEK 150 million($14.5 million)in aplant-based protein processing facility operated by a farmer-owned collective.All eyes on:Chinas President Xi Jinping mentioned protein diversification at the Two Sessions to supportnational food security,and the nation
61、s first-ever five-year plan for the bioeconomy called forexploring alternative proteins as novel foods.The United States Food and Drug Administration completed their first premarket consultation of acultivated meat product,opening the door for sales in 2023.President Joe Biden called on federalagenc
62、ies to produce reports on biotechnology,including“cultivating new food sources.”State of Global Policy Report11Alternative protein updates by countryAmericasBrazilBrazil is a global food giant,especially in animal protein consumption and export.A major meatsupplier,Brazil sources much of their expor
63、t income from the industry,making the country highlysusceptible to global meat demand variation.However,the country also produces manyprotein-rich crops for plant-based meat applications,including multiple indigenous crops currentlybeing investigated by GFI Brazil and researchers through the Biomes
64、Project.Brazilianmultinational JBS,the worlds largest meat company,has invested in cultivated meat capabilitiesand signed on to efforts to reduce deforestation in the country.Public supportBrazils public agricultural research ecosystem is increasingly interested in alternative proteins.Embrapa,a thi
65、nk tank affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture,with 50 research units and a bodyof 2,500 researchers,is currently engaged in six GFI-funded research projects to advance thescience of plant-based and cultivated meat.Brazil committed public funds to alternative protein research for the first time
66、 in 2022,with theFederal Innovation Agency(FINEP)pledging$500,000 in a public notice for research on alternativeproteins to be applied to selected projects.The State Government of Paran,in a heavilyrainforested area in the south of Brazil,allocated$808,000 for the Federal University of Paran,which a
67、lready offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the area of cellular zootechnics,tobuild a specialized laboratory in cultivated meat within the university campus.Regulation and labelingThe Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency(ANVISA),which oversees food regulation and labeling,hasbegun analyzi
68、ng Brazils alternative protein regulatory landscape but has not produced formalsafety regulations.In 2022,the Institute of Food Technology,at the request of GFI Brazil,finalized“regulatorystudies”on plant-based products.These studies will serve as a basis for the Department ofInspection of Products
69、of Vegetable Origin at the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Cattle Raisingto propose regulations in 2023.On labeling,ANVISA published an official letter finding no evidence that plant-based product labelsmislead consumers.Although not a legal instrument,the letter marks the agencys position and
70、 willundoubtedly inform their decisions on the appropriate labeling of alternative proteins.State of Global Policy Report12Finally,Brazil took a unique step toward giving alternative proteins a level playing field in thesupermarket.In late May 2022,the government issued a decree“zeroing”one of the s
71、ales taxes ondomestically produced plant-based milks,equalizing their taxation rates with those for otherdomestic goods like cows milk,chocolate,and coffee.While most governments have sought toreduce the price of alternative proteins by improving their production efficiency through researchand devel
72、opment and scaling up their operations,this action to close the price gap at the point ofsale is a unique but promising step.CanadaCanada cemented their standing as a global leader in public funding for plant-based foods in 2022,focusing on commercialization and market-building in light of the count
73、rys substantial productionof protein-rich crops like yellow peas,chickpeas,and canola.In addition to running glowing Globe&Mail advertisements about plant-based foods economic potential through Invest in Canada,theirforeign direct investment arm,Canada has provided the industry with research,develop
74、ment,andcommercialization funding on a growing scale.“Canada has the potentialand is well on our wayof being a global leader inplant-based ingredients and finished food products.By building on our strengthas an agricultural powerhouse;with more than 28 million hectares of arable landand a leading pr
75、oducer of high-protein crops such as peas and canola,we havethe opportunity to turn this global demand into a long-term,sustainableeconomic driver for Canada.”Bill Greuel,CEO of Protein Industries Canada,in“Why alternative proteins are good for business and theenvironment”by Invest in CanadaPublic s
76、upportProtein Industries Canada(PIC),established in 2018,works to position Canada as a global source ofplant protein production.PIC,one of Canadas five innovation superclusters,co-invests with privateindustry in plant-based protein projects encompassing R&D,infrastructure,and commercialization.Throu
77、gh the end of 2022,they have invested CAD 173 million($127 million)into 55 projectsspanning proof of concept,technology scaling,and commercial development.For example,thesupercluster invested CAD 1.4 million($1 million)to help a British Columbia-based plant-based foodproducer increase the production
78、 capacity of their tofu made from 100-percent Canadian-grownchickpeas,as well as CAD 5.4 million($4 million)to enhance the Canadian plant-based cheesemarket by developing new products and testing grocery store placement strategies.State of Global Policy Report13“In the first tranche of funding from
79、2018 to 2023,Protein Industries Canadaco-invested CAD$173 million$127 million into 55 projects.The initialinvestment leveraged CAD$304 million$223 million in private investment,created 303 IP assets,helped companies leverage a further CAD$234 million$171 million in follow-on investment,and is expect
80、ed to contribute CAD$15billion$11 billion in GDP and create 10,800 direct and indirect jobs by2031meeting or surpassing every target set out by the program.”News releasefrom Protein Industries Canada,February 2023In 2022,Canada expanded their public support for alternative proteins to include cultiv
81、ated meatand precision fermentation for the first time.Ontario Genomics,a government-funded nonprofit,collaborated with German bioengineering company The Cultivated B.to develop a130,000-square-foot bioreactor manufacturing facility.The new facility will provide a domesticsupply of bioreactors,an es
82、sential component of alternative protein manufacturing capacity.As aterm of the collaboration,the company will set aside 20,000 square feet of the facility for anopen-access innovation hub.Ontario Genomics also collaborated with the Canadian FoodInnovation Network in administering AcCELLerate-ON,a C
83、AD 900,000($660,000)competition forcellular agriculture-focused food and beverage projects,in which three of the 2022 winnersfocused on cultivated meat and seafood,and the fourth seeks to achieve pilot-scale precisionfermentation capabilities for heme,an alternative meat ingredient.Regulation and la
84、belingProtein Industries Canada has also worked to promote the development of a domestic plant-basedfood industry by influencing the regulatory field.A 2022 investment of CAD 1.6 million($1.17million)will fund a Regulatory Centre of Excellence to promote evidence-based regulatory policy forplant-bas
85、ed foods.PIC simultaneously announced plans to create a virtual resource to helpplant-based companies navigate Canadas policies and access funding opportunities.Thisassistance is well warranted,given that the Canadian Food Inspection Agencys guidelines requirecertain plant-based meat labels to use t
86、he phrase“simulated”followed by the meat or poultry typeand the phrase“contains no meat”or“contains no poultry”in close proximity to the commonname,using a similar text size or having the same prominence.Canada currently characterizes cultivated meat and seafood as novel foods and requires thesubmis
87、sion of detailed information in an application for premarket approval.The submissionrequires evidence that the food is safe for consumption,including molecular characterization,nutritional composition,toxicology and allergenicity,and types and levels of chemical contaminants.A three-part approval is
88、 required:(i)a letter of no objection for human food use through the novelfood assessment process,(ii)a premarket assessment for new animal feed(due to the possibility ofState of Global Policy Report14supply chain crossover and regardless of whether the product is intended for use as animal feed),an
89、d(iii)an environmental assessment under the New Substances Notification Regulations.Companies may not market their products in Canada until they have all three approvals.Fermentation-derived ingredients that do not have a history of safe use are also regulated as novelfoods in Canada.Some fermentati
90、on-derived products,such as protein extracted from Fusariumvenenatum fungi,do not meet the regulatory definition and are not considered novel.In September 2022,Canadian company Rawesome Raw Vegan won a legal battle against the city ofMontreal after being sued for using the word“cheese”on their plant
91、-based cream cheese labels.The city alleged that the company violated provincial and national regulations,including aregulation that sets forth a definition for cream cheese.The municipal court initially agreed with thecity,but the order was overturned on appeal.The appellate court held that the reg
92、ulatory definitionfor“cream cheese”applies to animal dairy products,but does not restrict labeling of plant-basedproducts like those sold by Rawesome.United StatesIn 2022,the United States became the second nation to complete an evaluation of the safety ofcultivated meat,with the U.S.Food and Drug A
93、dministration(FDA)completing their first premarketconsultation of a cultivated chicken product(but not their last;see“A look at 2023”).The UnitedStates shares jurisdiction between FDA and the USDA over livestock and poultry meat and catfish,which means that those forms of cultivated meat were left w
94、ith more regulatory processes tocomplete,but American consumerswho are among the highest per capita meat purchasers in theworldare much closer to seeing cultivated meat on menus and store shelves.This likelihoodmakes American investment in facility construction and infrastructure support all the mor
95、eimportant as startups prepare to sell in the mass market.The United States boasts the highest market share of the alternative proteins industry,with manymajor international producers based in the country.An impressive slate of both domestic andforeign companies announced expansion plans stateside,f
96、rom Israel-based Believer Meatsopening a cultivation facility in North Carolina to Colorado-based Meati constructing a“MegaRanch”in Denver.Though the United States is currently the preeminent hub of alternative proteininnovation and production,other countries have increased their investments in rese
97、arch anddevelopment and commercialization projects at a far greater rate.As outlined below,President JoeBidens executive order on biotechnology,which highlights“cultivating new foods,”could lead to aturnaround in this trend.Public supportAmerican strengths in agriculture,food processing,and biomedic
98、al technology,together withexceptional research and development capabilities,give the United States a natural advantage tolead in alternative proteins.However,by the end of 2022,the United States federal and stateState of Global Policy Report15governments combined had invested only$35.4 million in a
99、lternative protein R&D andcommercialization.In September 2022,the Biden Administration released the Executive Order on AdvancingBiotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable,Safe,and Secure AmericanBioeconomy,in which the president directed relevant agencies to develop bold goals f
100、or theAmerican biotechnology sector to kick off a whole-of-government approach to advancing thebioeconomy.The executive order explicitly instructed USDA to report on“cultivating alternativefood sources”(for the resulting report,see“A look at 2023”).Later in the year,the U.S.Congressappropriated near
101、ly$6 million for alternative protein research to the USDAs Agricultural ResearchService,representing a$1 million increase over the previous year.The federal government continued to fund research on alternative proteins through the USDAsNational Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA),including multi
102、ple new projects at universitiesnationwide.Cultivated meat research continued at the Tufts University Center for CellularAgriculture,which was funded in 2021 with a$10 million NIFA grant,the largest public fundingpackage for alternative proteins from the U.S.government to date.In 2022,the U.S.govern
103、mentmade a futuristic move by funding alternative protein research in outer space.With a contract fromNASA in partnership with Montana State University,biomass fermentation company Natures Fyndsent a bioreactor to the International Space Station aboard a SpaceX rocket to test the capabilitiesof prod
104、ucing edible protein in zero gravity.While the overall increase in research funding is not ontrack with the much more notable global acceleration in funding,the continued efforts mark ahopeful sign that Congress and the Agricultural Research Service will continue to prioritizealternative proteins.On
105、 the state level,California became the first U.S.state to invest in cultivated meat research,funding$5 million of alternative protein research at three public universities.The University ofCalifornia,Los Angeles lab that received a portion of these funds(which is also a GFI grantee)announced an open
106、-access breakthrough in meat cultivation this year,showcasing the benefits ofpublicly funded research.Californias budget also made over$700 million available for climateaction research,which opens the door to increased funding for these California researchers in 2023and beyond.To continue improving
107、food safety,and food accessibility,and food supplychain resilience,advanced manufacturing processes must fully leverage newtechnologies and accelerate new fields such as cellular agriculture,alternative proteins,and personalized nutrition.National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing,published by the
108、 White House National Scienceand Technology CouncilState of Global Policy Report16As for product commercialization,in October 2022,the National Strategy for AdvancedManufacturing called for more support for alternative proteins,claiming“advanced manufacturingprocesses must fully leverage new technol
109、ogies and accelerate new fields such as cellularagriculture,alternative proteins,and personalized nutrition.”The Utah Governors Office ofEconomic Opportunity provided U.S.precision fermentation company Perfect Day with a tax creditto build a production facility in Salt Lake City,with the mayor citin
110、g the growing life sciencesecosystem as a valuable asset to the city.Perfect Day plans to add 60 permanent jobs at thelocation over the next four years.North Carolina offered tax incentives to Israel-based cultivatedmeat company Believer Meats to build what the company calls“the worlds largest culti
111、vated meatfacility”in Wilson,NC.Indiana offered the same to New York-based Liberation Labs to scale uptheir precision fermentation operations in Richmond,Indiana,announced in early 2023.Regulation and labelingIn November 2022,the United States became the second country in the world to complete aneva
112、luation of the safety of a cultivated meat product,paving the way for cultivated meat to reachAmerican consumers in 2023.FDA completed their first premarket consultation for UPSIDE Foodscultivated chicken,announcing they had“no questions”about the safety of the production processand formulation.UPSI
113、DE is the first company to complete FDAs rigorous consultation process,demonstrating that their product is as safe as conventional chicken.UPSIDEs successful completion of the consultation process paved the way for consumers toaccess cultivated meat in U.S.restaurants and through retail sales.Howeve
114、r,there were additionalregulatory steps before the company could sell their cultivated chicken(See A look at 2023 fornews on UPSIDEs and GOOD Meats successful completion of these steps.)All cultivated meatproducers must register their facilities with FDA,and companies producing cultivated terrestria
115、lmeat or catfish must also obtain a grant of inspection from USDA.USDA inspectors will oversee theprocessing,packaging,and labeling of these products and will verify that cultivated meat productsare safe,wholesome,and unadulterated(free from contamination).FDA will retain jurisdiction overthe proces
116、sing,packaging,and labeling of cultivated seafood.FDA has regulatory authority over fermentation-enabled alternative proteins.In recent years,multiple fermentation companies have obtained“no questions”letters from FDA for theiringredients,meaning FDA does not object to the companies statement that t
117、heir ingredients aregenerally recognized as safe.In April 2022,ENOUGH(formerly 3F BIO Ltd.)received a no questionsletter from FDA regarding their ABUNDA mycoprotein.LabelingNeither FDA nor USDA has rules or guidance for labeling cultivated meat and seafood,but bothagencies have sought public comment
118、 on the subject.In the meantime,USDA committed to reviewand pre-approve labels for cultivated terrestrial meat,poultry,and catfish on a case-by-case basis(see A look at 2023 for information about their first pre-approved cultivated meat labels).FDAState of Global Policy Report17does not pre-approve
119、labels for any foods,but rather exercises their enforcement authority whenregulators become aware of improperly labeled foods.In 2022,FDA transmitted draft guidance on labeling plant-based milk alternatives to the Office ofInformation and Regulatory Affairs(OIRA),a department of the Office of Manage
120、ment and Budgetthat reviews significant regulatory actions.In early 2023,FDA issued said draft guidance onplant-based milk labels.(See“A look at 2023.”)“GFI supports commonsense labels that use terms consumers understand andthemselves use.The governments role is to ensure a level playing field.FDA s
121、houldnot impose de facto labeling requirements on plant-based milks while giving cowsmilk a free pass.”GFI senior regulatory attorney Madeline CohenLabel censorshipSeveral states have passed laws censoring conventional meat and dairy terms on plant-based andcultivated food labels,though many have be
122、en challenged in court or amended to include safeharbor provisions that allow the use of meaty terms along with an appropriate qualifier(e.g.,“meatless”or“plant-based”).In 2022,such bills were introduced in New York,Kansas,Washington,and Wisconsin.Kansas was the only state to pass a bill:theirs requ
123、ires a phrase like“vegan”or“meatless”in close proximity to any meaty terms.GFI and other organizations have pushed back against laws that unconstitutionally censorplant-based and cultivated food labels in the courts,bringing several cases with cocounsel AnimalLegal Defense Fund(ALDF)on behalf of Tof
124、urky.In March 2022,a federal district court grantedTofurkys motion for summary judgment and enjoined the state of Louisiana from enforcing a labelcensorship law,concluding that it“impermissibly restricts commercial speech.”In 2023,anappeals court heard the states appeal of that decision.(See“A look
125、at 2023”below.)In Arkansas,a federal district court judge granted Tofurky a permanent injunction in October 2022,preventingthe state from enforcing their label censorship law against the company on the grounds that itviolates Tofurkys First Amendment right to free speech.The court also held that one
126、 provision ofthe law is unconstitutionally vague on its face and may not be enforced against any company.InMissouri,plaintiffs continue their legal challenge to the nations first label censorship law afterlosing their bid for a preliminary injunction in previous years.State of Global Policy Report18
127、AsiaChinaAs Chinas population grows and its middle class develops,meat consumption is increasingsignificantly,incurring numerous challenges from resource constraints and environmentaldegradation to public health concerns.In response to these challenges,the worlds leading funderof agricultural resear
128、ch has shown a growing interest in alternative proteins,including plant-based,cultivated,and fermentation-derived products.The government has identified alternative proteinsas a strategic industry and has likely committed significant,if largely undisclosed,resources toresearch and development.Chines
129、e companies are also investing in the development of alternativeproteins,with several startups emerging in the space.“Widening Chinas range of protein sources to include those harnessed from plants,microbes,and animal cells allows the nation to further bolster food security andnutritionJust as simil
130、arly ambitious plans paved the way for huge investmentsinto clean energy,electric vehicles,and smartphone technologies,Chinas foodsecurity goals are creating fertile soil for the nations alternative protein sector tothrive.”Grace Liu,Strategic Partnerships Manager at GFI ConsultancyPublic supportDur
131、ing the 2022“Two Sessions,”Chinas most important annual political conference,President XiJinping explicitly called for protein diversification,emphasizing the need to obtain alternativesources of protein from plants and microorganisms.Alternative proteins recur elsewhere in Chinasvarious high-level
132、documents and speeches,mostly in the name of protein diversification andbiotechnology development.These mentions highlight the industrys role in Chinas food securityblueprint guided by the“Greater Food Approach,”an important national policy that emphasizesimproving self-sufficiency,quality,and diver
133、sity of food sources.The 2021 agricultural five-year plan included cultivated meat and other“future foods,”indicatingthat China plans to further develop cell cultivation technology.In May 2022,the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission(NDRC)released the“14th Five-Year Plan”bioeconomydevelopment p
134、lan,Chinas first development plan that advocates for protein diversification.Theplan aims to“develop synthetic biology technology,explore new foods such as synthetic protein,realize iterative upgrading of the food industry,and reduce the pressure on environmentalState of Global Policy Report19resour
135、ces brought about by traditional animal agriculture.”2Under the plan,it is expected thatChina will increase support for and investment in alternative protein research projects and theindustry,as well as accelerate the establishment of a regulatory framework for“future food,”including“new food raw ma
136、terials,additives,and microorganisms”in line with internationalstandards,and build a policy environment conducive to bioeconomy innovations.The funding for alternative protein research and development that China has publicly announcedalso speaks to the countrys interest in the sector.In 2021,Chinas
137、Ministry of Science andTechnology announced funding for a Green Biological Manufacturing R&D program,which includesan alternative protein project funded under a CNY 20 million($2.9 million)program.In Hong Kong,a grant of HKD 2 million($255,000)was offered to a startup that derives a plant-based prot
138、einingredient from microalgae.Regulation and labelingIn April 2022,the China Cellular Agriculture Forum held their first event,inviting experts andcultivated meat producers to discuss a number of issues including the regulation and labeling ofcultivated meat.This forum indicated cell agriculture tec
139、hnologys strong foothold in China and setthe foundation for more dialogues on the countrys regulatory mechanism.In June 2022,the Chinese Academy of Engineering published a book,Research on the DevelopmentStrategy of Biologically-Cultivated Meat,based on the results of a strategic consulting projects
140、tarted in 2020.The book put forward an overall strategy for developing cultivated meat in Chinabased on a review of global progress and trends,juxtaposed with the current situation in China.In October 2022,the China International Food Safety&Quality Conference included an alternativeproteins panel c
141、alled“Alternative Protein:Cellular and Plant-Based Meat,”hosted by the chief scientistand director of the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment(CFSA).At the panel,representatives from CFSA discussed how regulatory agencies can assess the safety and quality of altproteins with represe
142、ntatives from Singapore Food Agency(SFA)and regulators and researchers fromthe United Kingdom.International and Chinese experts exchanged ideas on regulatory coordinationthrough keynote speeches on“New Food Sources and Production Systems”and“Regulatory Issues onAlternative Protein”and agreed on the
143、necessity of a collaborative approach.In December 2022,government officials from CFSA and the U.S.FDA discussed cultivated meatregulation at an online event.In addition to attending global meetings and communications onregulating cultivated meat,the regulatory authority is actively working on determ
144、ining how best toassess the safety of cultivated meat,including by forming a working group of cultivated meatexperts to understand current progress in the industry.2The term“synthetic proteins”includes foods produced from animal cell culture technologies and fermentation.State of Global Policy Repor
145、t20IndiaPublic supportIndias government has supported plant-based and cultivated meat initiatives in policy,research,and commercialization at the national and state levels.Indias Office of the Principal ScientificAdviser has included cultivated meat as one of the areas under their Emerging Technolog
146、iesInitiative,which identifies technologies of importance to India and forms policy initiatives tosupport their development.The Atal Incubation Center,one of several incubation facilitiessupported by the Atal Innovation Mission,provides resources to help cultivated meat startupsresearch,develop,and
147、commercialize their products.In July 2022,Indias Department of Biotechnology and the Biotechnology Industry ResearchAssistance Council conducted a brainstorming session to discuss key research priority areas withinbiotechnology,such as precision fermentation and cell cultivation.The department plans
148、 to providegovernment support for capacity building,infrastructure development,and tech transfers over thenext five years.To support the growing alternative protein sector in India,in August 2022 the Ministry of SkillDevelopment and Entrepreneurship approved the creation of a dedicated job role call
149、ed“Plant-Based Food Technologist.”This is the first of its kind globally and can be found on thegovernments National Qualifications Register.Regulation and labelingIn India,fermentation-derived and cultivated protein products are regulated under the Approval ofNon-Specified Food and Food Ingredients
150、 Regulations.In October 2022,Indias food regulatorybody,the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India(FSSAI)issued an amendment to theApproval of Non-Specified Food Regulations.The amended regulations modified the procedure forgrant of prior approval/premarket approval for novel foods(including n
151、ovel plant-basedingredients)and set timelines for the initial scrutiny by the FSSAI as well as additionalrequirements that include conducting post-market surveillance on relevant safety and efficacyparameters and supporting health benefit claims with evidential data,including results of in-vitroand
152、in-vivo(animal)testing.In 2022,Perfect Day received regulatory approval through this processfor their animal-free milk proteins.Notably,in November 2022,FSSAI proposed new regulations for foods derived from geneticallymodified microorganisms.The proposed regulations address both premarket approval a
153、nd labeling.They include a list of enzymes derived from genetically modified microorganisms already beingused by food producers within the regulatory framework and allow their use as processing aids inlimited quantities as per Good Manufacturing Practices without any separate approval process.State
154、of Global Policy Report21JapanThe Japanese government has said that it aims to shift Japans traditional agriculture industrytoward“smart agriculture,”which includes alternative proteins,by leveraging innovation toincrease food security.Japans aging population,increasing urbanization,and immigration
155、policieshave resulted in labor shortages that have affected the productivity of their agricultural sector,thereby increasing their reliance on food imports.In recent years,meat from land animals hasdisplaced fish as the main protein source in Japanese diets,and demand will likely continue rising.Pro
156、tein innovation could be a key solution to meet protein demand and ensure economiccompetitiveness of the Japanese agricultural industry.Public supportThe Japan Association for Cellular Agriculture(JACA),an official working group on cultivated meat,provides an opportunity for industry,government,and
157、academia to collaborate on guidelines andrecommendations for laws applicable to cultivated meat,egg,and dairy products to contribute totheir commercialization in Japan.JACA also leads the Cellular Agriculture Working Team under apublic-private partnership for food-tech,hosted by the Ministry of Agri
158、culture,Forestry and Fisheries.Japans Ministry of Economy,Trade,and Industry has also funded several cultivated meat researchprojects,though funding amounts are unknown and no new funding was announced in 2022.“Foodtech,including cellular foods,is an important technology from theperspective of reali
159、zing a sustainable food supply.We have to support efforts thatcontribute to solving the worlds food problems.”Fumio Kishida,Prime Minister of Japan,at a meeting of the House of Representatives Budget Committeein February 2023Regulation and labelingJapans regulations allow plant-based companies to us
160、e terms such as meat,milk,and eggs ontheir labels,provided that they use a modifier such as plant-based,dairy-free,or the ingredientname(e.g.,oat milk).In 2022,the Japanese government announced that the Ministry of Health,Labor,and Welfare willassemble a team of subject matter experts to study the f
161、ood safety aspects of cultivated meat tohelp determine the best regulatory path.The Cabinet Offices Food Safety Committeecommissioned Tokyo University of Agriculture to examine risk assessment methodologies forcultivated meat.State of Global Policy Report22JACA submitted an industrial guideline and
162、policy recommendation to relevant ministries andpoliticians in November 2022.The document covers current legal definitions of cultivated foods,food labeling,and food safety.Additionally,it proposes relevant Japanese nomenclature forcultivated food and suggests setting up an intellectual property fra
163、mework for sourcing cells frombranded foods like“Wagyu.”JACA established a legal entity in November 2022 to accelerateactivity toward achieving social consensus on Japans needs in preparation for the emergingcellular agriculture industry.SingaporeOne of the most population-dense countries on the pla
164、net,Singapore currently imports more than90 percent of their food.Policymakers see alternative proteins as a potential solution to meetingthe governments“30 by 30”goal of domestically producing at least 30 percent of the countrysnutritional needs by 2030 and boosting resilience to global food supply
165、 shocks.As a result,Singapore has become a world leader in alternative protein research and infrastructurefunding.Temasek,an investment fund that is wholly owned by the Singapore government,3has beenone of the top investors in alternative protein companies.While the exact amount is unknown,thefunds
166、investments are believed to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars,and the fund is an activebooster of alternative proteins.Though the governments funding totals are also largely undisclosed,Singapore may surpass all other nations in public support for alternative proteins.Singaporesleadership is
167、 cementing their reputation for food safety and their status as a leading innovation hubwhile simultaneously driving economic competitiveness and enhancing food security.Public supportSingapore is a global test-bed for alternative protein R&D,producing scientific solutions that can beexported to the
168、 region and the world.Singapore dedicated SGD 144 million($107 million)to theSingapore Food Story R&D program,which was established in 2019 by the Singapore Food Agency(SFA)and Singapores top science and tech agency,the Agency for Science,Technology,andResearch(A*STAR),which funds R&D for alternativ
169、e proteins.Under their“Future Foods:AlternativeProteins”program and“1st Alternative Protein Seed Challenge,”Singapore has funded dozens ofalternative protein projects.In October 2022,fresh funding of SGD 165 million($123 million)wasallocated to further the second phase,known as SFS 2.0,where key fun
170、ding areas were stated to be“developing future foods with improved nutrition,taste and texture,and establishing fasternon-animal-based analytical methods to support the safety assessment of novel foods.”Additionally,Singapore has forged partnerships with other countries to collaborate on alternative
171、protein R&D,including research partnerships with the governments of New Zealand and Australia,the Netherlands Wageningen University,and the United Kingdoms University of Bath.In 2022,the3Temasek drives many alternative protein research and development projects in Singapore.Because Temasek is a Singa
172、pore-incorporated companyand operates under the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act,Temasek investments are not the same as public investments.While Temasek isneither a statutory board nor a government agency,their close ties to the Singaporean government indicate government support of the alt
173、ernativeprotein industry by proxy.State of Global Policy Report23Singapore Israel Industrial R&D Foundation,a collaboration between the two countriesentrepreneurial development agencies established in 2019,awarded a joint grant to Israel-basedSteakholder Foods and Singapore-based Umami Meats to deve
174、lop 3D-printed cultivated fish(forthe resulting product,see“A look at 2023”).The Singapore government has also been active in building alternative protein infrastructure bypartnering directly with startups to fund the construction of shared laboratory and productionspaces.On the heels of Temaseks 20
175、21 launch of Nurasa(formerly Asia Sustainable FoodPlatform)and co-investment with A*STARs Singapore Institute of Food&Biotechnology Innovationon a SGD 30 million($21 million)Food Tech Innovation Centre,Nurasa entered into a joint venturein 2022 with food distribution giant Archer Daniels Midland to
176、launch food tech company ScaleUpBio.The new company will operate a precision fermentation lab in the Centre and offer end-to-endcontract development and manufacturing organization services in microbial fermentation from labto pilot scale.ScaleUp Bios first lab facility is scheduled to open in mid-20
177、23 with a 100-litercapacity,while a second facility geared toward co-manufacturing services will open in late 2023and have a capacity of 10,000 liters.To keep up with the rapid pace of Singapores investments,in July 2022,GFI APAClaunched a new“one-stop shop”database identifying all relevant funding
178、schemes andprograms offered by the Singapore government.This crucial new resource was developedin collaboration with FoodInnovate a joint initiative launched by Enterprise Singapore,the Agency for Science,Technology,and Research(A*STAR),Economic DevelopmentBoard(EDB),IPI Singapore,JTC Corporation,an
179、d the Singapore Food Agency(SFA).Regulation and labelingSingapore treats cultivated meat as a novel food requiring premarket authorization.In 2020,theSingapore Food Agency(SFA)became the first regulatory body to green-light the sale of acultivated meat product,approving GOOD Meats cultivated chicken
180、 as an ingredient in thecompanys chicken bites.SFA has since approved additional cultivated meat products from GOODMeat,and in early 2023,approved the use of serum-free media in the production of GOOD Meatsexisting products,which will allow the company to further scale up production and reduce costs
181、.SFA approves cultivated meat on a case-by-case basis,based on safety assessments thatcompanies submit that describe potential food safety risks,information on inputs andmanufacturing processes,and risk management procedures.Cultivated meat must comply withcomposition,microbiological,and labeling re
182、quirements under Singapores broader foodregulations and must also include qualifying terms on the label to differentiate it from conventionalmeat.This framework places Singapore at the global forefront of food regulation and can provide ablueprint for other regions to develop cultivated meat regulat
183、ory frameworks.State of Global Policy Report24NOVEL POLICY:In 2021,SFA granted scientific manufacturing firm Esco Aster a licenseto manufacture any cultivated meat products from cells that have gone through theregulators safety assessment review,giving cultivated meat companies the option tocontract
184、 out their manufacturing to a facility that has already received approval fromregulators rather than constructing and applying for approval of their own.Esco Aster isnow constructing another,much larger facility in Singapore.In September 2022,SFA updated their guidance on novel food safety assessmen
185、ts,which outlinesthe information cultivated meat and fermentation companies must submit to the regulator whenseeking product approval.The updated document contains specific guidance for cultivated meat,foods produced by biomass fermentation,and functional ingredients produced through precisionfermen
186、tation.SFA strongly encourages companies interested in selling alternative protein productsin Singapore to contact the agency early in the R&D and commercialization planning process.Companies should be aware that SFAs regulatory approvals take approximately nine to 12 monthsonce all required informa
187、tion is submitted to the agency.“The Singapore Food Agency(SFA)adopts a science-based risk assessment andmanagement approach to food safety consistent with international standards.Foodsafety is SFAs principal consideration and it must also be a principal considerationwhen companies develop food prod
188、ucts.”Tan Lee Kim,CEO,Singapore Food AgencyIn October 2022,Singapore became the first nation to grant approval for microbe-based proteiningredient Solein,created by Finnish startup Solar Foods.SFA will sample and test the food productscontaining Solein when the products are ready to be imported into
189、 Singapore,likely in 2024.South KoreaPublic supportSouth Koreas national business plan in 2021 focused on food security and sustainability,emphasizing reducing reliance on imports and the agricultural sectors greenhouse gas emissions,laying the groundwork for increased public support for alternative
190、 protein research.The countrysState of Global Policy Report25$13.5 million Green Bio Fund,announced later in 2021,mentions plant-based and cultivated meatcompanies as a key program component,but the amount of support is not yet public.In 2022,South Korea selected Intake,a startup specializing in pla
191、nt-based pork belly,fortechnology commercialization support.The two-year project will bring together researchers fromthree South Korean universities in search of more exact plant-based replications of the local staple.South Korea also awarded a$15 million grant to Space F,a cultivated meat startup,i
192、n partnershipwith Seoul National University,CJ Group,Daesang Corporation,and Lotte Corporation as part of theMinistry of Trade,Industry and Energys Alchemist Project for high-level technologies.The grantwill focus on scaling and perfecting the equipment needed for cultivated meat commercialization.T
193、hyssen Biopharmaceuticals,a company making plant-based and cultivated meat using 3Dprinting,also received an unspecified amount of support from the Korea Health IndustryDevelopment Institutes Health Industry Innovation and Startup Center.Regulation and labelingIn late 2022,the Korean Ministry of Foo
194、d and Drug Safety released technical amendments to theirfood standards code for public comment,covering“alternative meat”products.Under the currentregulatory structure,cultivated meat R&D and tasting events are allowed,but commercial productionand sale are not.A forthcoming official definition for c
195、ell culture meat whether it is an“agriculturalproduct”or a“processed food”will determine which ministry will oversee industry policy.AustraliaAustralia leaped ahead in their support for alternative proteins in 2022,putting serious public fundsbehind the production of plant-based,cultivated,and ferme
196、nted protein.Recognizing thatplant-based proteins can boost the countrys strong agricultural sector,Australias federal and stategovernments invested in infrastructure for processing protein-rich crops,noting the benefits to thejob market,farmers,and Australias export economy.Altogether,the country h
197、as provided over AUD183 million($119 million)in research and commercialization support for alternative proteins in2022,a 2,700-percent increase over their prior support.Public supportAustralias Department of Industrys Modern Manufacturing Initiative grants program specificallyidentifies alternative
198、proteins as a manufacturing priority,and in 2022 made an AUD 113 million($74.5 million)grant to a project that will construct three new plant-based protein productionfacilities in collaboration with Australian Plant Proteins,Australian Milling Group,and ThomasInternationalone of the countrys largest
199、 meat companies.The three facilities,all located in theheavily agricultural state of South Australia,are expected to generate up to 8,500 jobs,supply25,000 tons of pulse protein per year,generate up to AUD 5.2 billion($3.5 billion)in GDP over 12years,and help local farmers value-add their crops up t
200、o eight times over.The state government ofState of Global Policy Report26South Australia also contributed AUD 65 million($42.8 million)to the project,bringing the totalgovernment support for this one project to AUD 178 million($117.4 million)more than the grandtotal of most other countries in this r
201、eport.“While traditional animal protein will continue to be a significant source,alternative sources may be needed to keep up with demand.Protein is animportant requirement for a healthy diet,and there is room to create a diverseprotein industry if manufacturers take a unified market approach.As a m
202、ajorproducer and exporter of protein,Australias food industry is well placed to tapinto this opportunity.It can develop novel,differentiated protein products derivedfrom animal,plant,and non-traditional sources.”Australias Department of Industrys Modern Manufacturing InitiativeIn 2021,the Federal Go
203、vernments Advanced Manufacturing Growth Center CommercializationFund awarded AUD 1 million($660,000)to Harvest B,a plant-based meat company,which inDecember 2022 unveiled Australias first plant-based meat ingredients manufacturing facility westof Sydney.Sydney also boasts Australias first cultivated
204、 meat production facility with Vow FoodsFactory 1,which received AUD 25,000($16,500)in support from the state government of NewSouth Wales in 2019 as a start-up grant.The 2022 opening of the factory will allow Vow Food tosupply their cultivated quail product to Singapore,where they have applied for
205、regulatory approval,as well as Australia.“We were originally going to move the company to San Francisco and thenmanufacture in Singapore,but the team in Australia works really fast and efficiently.And Australias becoming a more and more interesting place to scale upapplications.We have really good e
206、xport connections,a good food reputation,strongtalent pool,many of the raw ingredients are here and growing access to renewablepower.With the right political will and the right training systems,Australia couldpotentially be a really powerful base in the long term.”George Peppou of Vow FoodState of G
207、lobal Policy Report27In 2022,The University of Queensland secured AUD 50 million($33 million)in funding to boostfood tech,“potentially creating thousands of new jobs.”The UQ-led Food and Beverage Accelerator(FaBA)will be funded over four years and is supported by many of Australias leading alternati
208、veprotein startups.Precision fermentation startup Change Foods was awarded two grants totalingAUD 4.1 million($2.7 million)from FaBA for a research partnership with Queensland University ofTechnology to develop precision fermentation facilities that use inedible sugarcane fibers asfeedstock for prod
209、ucing dairy proteins.Regulation and labelingAll foods in Australia and New Zealand are covered by the binational Food Standards Code(FSC),which details requirements for food safety,identification,labeling,handling,and treatment.Foodsthat meet all FSC requirements,including a range of plant-based mea
210、ts,do not require premarketapproval.Otherwise,organizations can seek premarket approval via an application to change theFSC to permit new foods or processes.Food Standards Australia New Zealand(FSANZ)providesguidelines on what information needs to be provided for different types of premarket approva
211、l.Australia and New Zealand have affirmed that their bilateral and joint food regulatory system isequipped to deal with new foods produced through cellular agriculture,including cultivated meat,under the existing Novel Foods Standard.To gain premarket approval for a novel food,a companymust apply to
212、 FSANZ.The approval process is expected to take at least 14 months.In early 2023,Vow Food announced that they had applied to FSANZ for approval of the companys cultivated quailand received a“precise”timeline for approval from the regulator.If approved,it would be the firstcultivated meat product ava
213、ilable in Australia and New Zealand.Additionally,Australia and New Zealand regulate genetically modified foods in ways that couldapply to cultivated meat products or fermentation-derived ingredients if they are produced usingcertain technologies.FSANZ and Health Canada,Canadas food regulator,are col
214、laborating ongenetically modified food safety assessments.One agency will take the lead,while the other acts asa peer reviewer,streamlining the process and saving costs for both the applicant and the agencies.These are encouraging signs that regulatory processes can be simplified while maintaining e
215、achregulators independence to provide the final approval.This process culminated in regulatoryapproval for Impossible Foods in 2021,when the agency approved using the GMO-sourced soyleghemoglobin ingredient in their products.Impossible subsequently expanded to Australia andNew Zealand in January 202
216、2.EuropeFood security drew into focus across Europe in 2022,significantly increasing public investments andcommitments to transforming food systems.As the colliding crises of Covid-19,the war in Ukraine,and deadly animal-borne diseases prompted governments to reevaluate vulnerabilities in their supp
217、lychains,some policymakers turned to alternative proteins as a key solution to food security woes anda potential boon to their local economies.Investments spanned the full suite of alternatives andState of Global Policy Report28stages of development,from research on cultivated meat in Spain to comme
218、rcialization support forplant-based protein production in Sweden.Denmark and the Netherlands set the world records forplant-based and cultivated meat investments,respectively,while a broad array of countries investedin the sector,from Switzerland to the United Kingdom to Norway.More governments bega
219、n to deliveron their pledges to prevent climate change and reduce emissions from methane by reevaluating theirdomestic animal agriculture industries and making moves to produce more protein from low-carbonsources through research,commercialization,and education.However,governments in Europe differed
220、 in their treatment of alternative proteins.While Germanycelebrated Oktoberfest with plant-based bratwurst and Weiwurst,Trkiye banned outright theproduction or sale of any plant-based cheeses.Francetraditionally protective of their localfoodsbalanced both cultural and economic concerns,attempting to
221、 ban any meat-liketerminology on plant-based food labels,while at the same time providing funding to scale upplant-based meat production as part of their“First Factories”program for future technologies.InItaly,which is also protective of their local culinary traditions,a worrying increase in hostili
222、tytoward alternative proteins from some voices in the agricultural sector was galvanized by the newgovernment.(See“A look at 2023”for more recent developments,particularly Italys proposed banon cultivated meat.)As citizens and politicians debate how to preserve cultural traditions and afood-secure,c
223、limate-conscious future,GFI continues to advocate for alternative proteins to befreely available in marketplaces across Europe to provide consumers with the food experience theyexpect at a lower social and environmental cost.European UnionIn 2022,the European Union continued to fund alternative prot
224、ein research and commercializationefforts,supporting several major R&D and construction projects in 2022 that will advance thesector and protect the continents domestic supply of food.Much of this funding is aimed at helpingthe EU and Member States reach ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goals,whil
225、e food security isalso becoming a key concern.There continue to be wide differences in support and investmentacross European countries,depending on cultural and economic factors.Public supportRecognizing that taste and price are the main drivers of alternative protein uptake,in June 2021,the EU Hori
226、zon Europe Framework Programme for Research and Innovation announced up to 12million($13.2 million)in dedicated funding to improve the sensory properties and availability ofalternative proteins as part of their larger initiative for a“healthier,greener,and more digitalEurope.”In 2022,that funding co
227、mmitment was expanded to 25 million($27.6 million)forsustainable proteins,primarily cultivated meat,fermentation,and algae,through the 2023/2024Work Package.The first of those two pledges was realized in the 11.9 million($12.4 million)LIKE-A-PRO project,which will develop 16 new alternative protein
228、products from seven local protein sources tofacilitate sustainable and healthy diets by mainstreaming alternative proteins and products.ByState of Global Policy Report29focusing on local plant protein sources,the project will ensure that farmers within the EuropeanUnion can value-add their crops and
229、 that producers of plant-based products will not have to rely onimported crops for their products.Much of the remaining 25 million will go to the 13.1 million($14.3 million)HealthFerm project,which investigates the nutritional benefits of plant-based fermented foods,with Horizon Europeproviding 11.3
230、 million($12.4 million)toward the project and the government of Switzerlandfunding the remaining 1.8 million($2 million).(GFI Europe serves on the HealthFerm advisoryboard.)Further,EIT Food,an independent platform funded by the EU and focused on innovation in the foodsector,has set protein diversifi
231、cation as one of six core focus areas and distributed 1.8 million($2million)to plant-based meat,cultivated meat,and fermentation projects in 2022,as well asco-funding a 400,000($441,000)call for cultivated meat projects with GFI.The European Union has also made funds available for alternative protei
232、n production andcommercialization.In September 2022,Scottish food-tech company ENOUGH celebrated thecompletion of“one of the worlds largest protein facilities”in the Netherlands,which received16.9 million($18.65 million)in EU funding through the Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking.The plant has b
233、egun creating mycoprotein through biomass fermentation using sidestreamproducts from a nearby starch plant operated by Cargill.The European Union also provided“aneight-digit figure”in commercialization funds to Mushlabs,a German company pioneering afermented mycelial mushroom product,through the Eur
234、opean Innovation Councils(EIC)highlycompetitive Accelerator program.The EIC stated,“the jury believes that the European Unionneeds to support companies with unique and strategic technology to produce sustainablealternative protein.”“The jury believes that the European Union needs to support companie
235、s withunique and strategic technology to produce sustainable alternative protein.”European Innovation CouncilRegulatory approvalAlternative proteins requiring premarket approval in the European Union follow specific regulatoryframeworks for novel foods and,in some limited cases,genetically modified
236、foods.In addition,some alternative protein ingredients might require additional regulatory approval as a food additiveor flavoring.The time frame for approval can range from 18 months to about three years,thoughthe clock can be stopped during the process at Member States requests,introducing a degre
237、e ofuncertainty for companies seeking to operate in Europe.State of Global Policy Report30The EU novel foods process includes a risk assessment of the safety and nutritional value of theproduct conducted by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Once EFSA publishes a positivescientific opinion,the
238、 European Commission proposes under what conditions the product isallowed to be on the market.A committee of delegates from all 27 EU Member States makes thefinal decision.Once EU regulators approve a novel food product,it can be sold across all EUcountries plus Iceland,Liechtenstein,Norway,and Swit
239、zerland.Any company wishing to enter theUK market must apply separately to the UK Food Standards Agency.The EU has approved several novel plant-based and fermentation-derived ingredients,but as ofApril 2023,no company has applied to the European Commission for approval of a cultivated meatproduct.Al
240、though the EU did not see any regulatory milestones in the past year,in July 2022,Members of the European Parliament Tilly Metz and Ulrike Mller held a panel discussion oncultivated meat,indicating policymaker interest in the space and the potential for systemic changeto the jurisdictions regulatory
241、 process.LabelingOn labeling,the European Union and Member States have also attempted to censor alternative proteinlabels,trying to build on a 2017 decision that terms such as“milk”or“cream”cannot be used byplant-based dairy producers.In October 2020,the European Parliament voted to reject a proposa
242、l thatwould have prohibited plant-based meat products from using conventional meat terms on their labelsacross all 27 EU countries.Fifty businesses and nonprofits sent an open letter to the members of theEuropean Parliament opposing the proposal,arguing that it contradicted the EUs sustainabilityini
243、tiatives.In May 2021,the European Parliament withdrew a legislative amendment that would haveseverely restricted the use of dairy-related terms such as“buttery”and“creamy”on plant-basedproducts,going beyond the 2017 ruling.No changes to labeling requirements were proposed in 2022.DenmarkDenmark has
244、ambitions to be a leader in plant-based foods,and 2022 marked a continuation oftheir efforts in this space.In late 2021,Denmark announced over 1.25 billion kroner($185 million)over nine years to advance plant-based foods,recognizing that plant-based foods are a“centralelement in the green transition
245、.”This funding was,and remains,the largest known investment inplant-based research and development by any country.This investment was split into three mainprograms:675 million kroner($99.4 million)for The Fund for Plant-based Food Products,which willsupport plant-based foods processing and product d
246、evelopment,seed development,marketingand export promotion,and knowledge dissemination.The money comes directly from anexisting fund that otherwise supports animal production and animal-sourced food products.580 million kroner($85.9 million)for a five-year“eco-scheme”to pay bonuses to Danishfarmers w
247、ho grow plant-based protein crops for human consumption.With 70 percent ofState of Global Policy Report31Denmarks agricultural land currently used for growing animal feed,this will increase thedomestic food supply and reduce input costs for plant-based food manufacturers.260 million kroner($38.5 mil
248、lion)over five years to develop a“green proteins”strategy.Inaddition to plant-based foods,this fund might also support fermentation-derived proteins andcultivated meat,as well as animal feed.In 2022,Denmarks Ministry for Food,Agriculture and Fisheries made good on their promise toinvest DKK 675 mill
249、ion($99.4 million)into their Plant Fund to support creating a market forplant-based foods.In the words of Danish Minister for Food,Agriculture and Fisheries RasmusPrehn,Denmarks ongoing investment in plant-based foods puts the country on track to be“anabsolute world leader”in plant-based foods.“Clim
250、ate bells have been ringing for a long time.We must do something about ourfood production if we are to achieve the goal of the green transition.Therefore,Denmark must lead when it comes to plant-based foods.There is both a market inmass development and a great climate gain to be had if we in Denmark
251、 start toproduce more plant-based foods.Never has so much money been spent onplant-based foods as there will be with the Plant Fund.”Danish Minister for Food,Agriculture and Fisheries Rasmus PrehnFinlandBusiness Finland,a government entity for innovation funding and trade,travel,and investmentpromot
252、ion,began investing in alternative protein sources in late 2020 with 2.1 million($2.3million)for a consortium between industry and academia to develop plant proteins from domesticFinnish crops like fava,rapeseed,and oats.Then,in 2021,Business Finland provided a 4.3 million($4.7 million)grant to Sola
253、r Foods,a Finnish startup making edible protein from a microbe thatneeds only carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and nitrogenin short,airto grow.Business Finlands grantsupporting the startups commercialization and construction of a demonstrator facility was followedby a 10 million($11 million)subordinated loan
254、from The Finnish Climate Fund,more thandoubling Finlands total investment in a domestic,low-carbon food supply.While Finland had already supported alternative protein development before 2022,their precariousgeopolitical position and reliance on animal feed imported from Russia and Ukraine precipitat
255、ed anincrease in funding for alternative ways of making protein.Finnish startup Onego Bio,which spunoff from VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,was awarded a 4.5 million($5 million)grantState of Global Policy Report32from Business Finland for R&D on precision fermented egg white proteins.Busin
256、ess Finland turnedagain to Solar Foods in late 2022 with a 34 million($37.3 million)grant,singlehandedly doublingthe nations investment in alternative proteins.The grant will allow Solar Foods to accelerateprogress on their first production facility,currently under construction in Vantaa and project
257、ed tobegin operations in 2024,and also to plan construction of a second facility.While Solar Foodsflagship product Solein is subject to the EUs novel foods process,the Finnish company announcedin October 2022 that it had received regulatory approval in Singapore.As of the end of 2022,Finlands total
258、investment in developing plant-based and fermenteddomestic sources of protein totals over$60 million,an outsized investment for a small nation.FranceFrances engagement with alternative proteins has been mixed,with 2022 bringing developmentsboth in favor of and against plant-based meat products.Early
259、 in 2022,the French legislaturepassed a decree banning the use of many meat terms on plant-based labels,including“sausage”and“chicken,”even when accompanied by descriptors clarifying the products composition.Fortunately,the countrys highest court temporarily suspended enactment of the ban in July 20
260、22on the grounds that the ban is“unjustified in terms of providing consumer information,”perobserver Proveg International.But while the French government may have their reservations about plant-based food in themarketplace,they recognize new protein sources as a key part of developing a“healthy,sust
261、ainable,and traceable”food system.4ANR,Frances research agency,announced 55 million($60 million)for research on alternative protein production and functionality,comprising 7.8million($8.5 million)across three ongoing plant-based protein projects and two open calls forprojects of 22 million($24 milli
262、on)to address pulse crop production,processing,consumption,and optimization,and 25 million($27.2 million)on protein diversification of food sources,whichincludes new plant foods,microorganisms,and algaes.The French government also recognized plant-based meats potential to stimulate the economyand cr
263、eate jobs with a 7.4 million($8.1 million)grant to French plant-based food manufacturerUmiami.As part of the French governments“Premire Usine”(“First Factory”)program,whichhelps pioneers of new technologies establish viability at a commercial scale,the grant helpedUmiami acquire and retrofit a forme
264、r Unilever production facility near Strasbourg.The project,which the government expects to create 200 jobs,also received 3 million($3.3 million)inincentives from Frances Grand Est region.4Translated from French“saine,durable et traable”:https:/anr.fr/fr/france-2030/france2030/call/developper-les-pro
265、teines-vegetales-et-diversifier-les-sources-de-proteines-volet-2-proteines-de/State of Global Policy Report33GermanyGermany is Europes most populous country and largest market and,despite the prominence ofanimal products in their local cuisine,has experienced a steady rise in flexitarianism over the
266、 pastfew years.German meat consumption declined 16.7 percent from 2007 to 2022,with meatconsumption lower in 2022 than in any year since calculations began in 1989,while sales ofplant-based meat doubled in the past few years alone.At Munichs world-famous Oktoberfest,known for copious meats and beer,
267、attendees could opt for plant-based bratwurst,goulash,andWeiwurst.As the countrys citizenry turns toward alternative proteins to reduce their climateimpact,the government has also taken steps to produce more and better products.Public supportGermanys federal government,which took office at the end o
268、f 2021,committed in their coalitionagreement to support alternative proteins and plant-based options.Although discussions on how toachieve this are ongoing,the government is already funding research projects on alternativeproteins.However,these projects are currently low in volume and lack a coheren
269、t overall strategyfor sector development.In 2022,the German Bundestag commissioned an expert report on the opportunities andchallenges of cultivated meat.The report,handed to parliament in early 2023,emphasizes theneed for public research funding to reap the benefits of cultivated meat.In addition,t
270、he Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding four bioeconomy innovationspaces,including NewFoodSystems,which involves over 50 partner organizations working onprojects related to alternative protein sources,particularly plant-and algae-based approaches.However,it is unknown how much of th
271、e eight-digit sum is going into alternative proteins versusother projects,such as insect-based proteins.The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is also funding the Cellzero Meat research network,whichaims to advance meat cultivation using animal-free and GMO-free growth media.This project wil
272、l befunded with 1.1 million($1.2 million)from 2022 to 2024 and involves partners such as the ResearchInstitute for Farm Animal Biology and the Leibniz Institute for Plasma Research and Technology.The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection launched a funding program forthe indus
273、trial bioeconomy in 2021 which funds projects that are close to the market,particularlyscaling up biobased processes,procedures,and products to industrial scale,and constructing pilotplants.The program has funded alternative proteins projects to the tune of 1.76 million($1.9million),with a particula
274、r focus on scaling biomass and precision fermentation.Since Germany is a federal state,a large part of research and business funding is at the state level.One example of this is the funding of a project on the acceptance and communication of cultivatedmeat at the University of Vechta by the Lower Sa
275、xony Ministry of Science and Culture as part of the“Zukunftsdiskurse”(“Future Discourse”)program,which amounts to around 120,000($131,000).State of Global Policy Report34The NetherlandsThe Netherlands,Europes leading agricultural exporter,has quickly become Europes leadinginvestor in alternative pro
276、teins,especially cellular agriculture,with massive fiscal and ideologicalcommitments to the sector announced in 2022.Though the country had invested in alternativeprotein research as early as 2005,supporting Mark Posts groundbreaking creation of the worldsfirst cultivated hamburger with a$2.3 millio
277、n research grant,their continued attention to the sectorhad been minimal until 2020.In 2022 the country recommitted to developing cellular agriculturewith 60 million($66.2 million)in funding for an initiative,discussed below,combining research,commercialization support,workforce development,and more
278、,instantly making the Netherlandsthe world leader in known commitments to cellular agriculture.In 2020,the Dutch Government published their National Protein Strategy,which concluded that theNetherlands dependence on imported soy to support their expansive animal agriculture sector notonly made the c
279、ountry a driver of climate change and biodiversity loss but also exposed them togeopolitical and economic instability.In light of these risksand the countrys growing demand forplant-based alternative proteinsthe strategy committed to the following goals(among others)forthe subsequent five to ten yea
280、rs:“Selective focus on the cultivation of typical Dutch protein-rich crops,including potatoes,grassand leguminous plants,such as field beans.”“Innovation and development of alternative protein sources for humans and animals,such asmicrobial proteins and cultured meat.”The government acknowledged the
281、 importance of developing“the range of tasty,healthy andsustainable vegetable and innovative protein sources.”To prove that point,the war in Ukraine in 2022 prompted a sharp increase in food prices around theglobe,due not only to Ukraines substantial exports of grain for animal feed but also Russias
282、exports of fertilizer,depressing yields worldwide.This resulted in plant-based alternative proteinsbriefly becoming less expensive than animal-sourced options in the Netherlands,despite theformers lack of broad commercialization and the latters heavy subsidization.Because plant-basedalternative prot
283、eins require far less commodity-grade crops to produce than animal agriculture dueto trophic loss,sudden shocks to food prices had accordingly far less of an effect on prices.In response to all of the above,the Netherlands burst out of the gates in 2022 with aworld-record-breaking 60 million($66.2 m
284、illion)investment toward building a full cellularagriculture ecosystem.The new program,Cellulaire Agricultuur Nederland,includes vitallyimportant R&D and commercialization efforts,workforce transition programs,and education.Byworking to scale cultivated meat and precision fermentation infrastructure
285、 and ensure a sociallyjust and well-paid workforce transition,the program claims it will generate billions per year inearning capacity for the Netherlands by 2050.This is the single largest public investment in cellularagriculture to date and a massive leap forward for the Netherlands innovative agr
286、icultural sector.State of Global Policy Report35However,the governments attempts to reduce agricultural emissions have led to a coalition offarmers and right-wing populists,who protested against plans to reduce livestock numbers and buyout farms,winning a shock victory in the 2023 Dutch local electi
287、ons and threatening to put thecountrys progress on sustainable agriculture in jeopardy.GFI advocates for the need to include allstakeholders in the policymaking process,forging a future of sustainable food production whileensuring incumbent producers are included and empowered through new food syste
288、ms.NorwayAs with Finland and the Netherlands,Norway responded to the impact of geopolitical instability onEuropean food systems with an important investment in alternative proteins.Citing the countryslack of self-sufficiency in food production,the Research Council of Norway announced they willfund a
289、 five-year,2 million project entitled“The Arrival of Cellular Agriculture EnablingBiotechnology for Future Food Production.”The project will research how to scale up domesticproduction of cultivated meat and precision-fermented foods in partnership with the NorwegianInstitute of Food,Fisheries and A
290、quaculture Research,Oslo Metropolitan University,the NorwegianBoard of Technology,and dairy company Tine AS.“We can increase self-sufficiency in food in Norway,and we do not have to killanimals to produce the necessary protein in the form of meat.In Norway,we haveboth the expertise and the money nee
291、ded to develop new technical solutions forfood production.”Sissel Rnning,lead researcher on ARRIVALSpainSpain funded important research on cultivated meat over the past two years,primarily incollaboration with Spanish biotechnology startup BioTech Foods.In 2022 the Spanish ForeignTrade Institute,an
292、agency of Spains Ministry of Industry,Tourism and Trade,announced a750,000 grant to help fund the startups investMEAT project,which is studying cultivated meatindustrialization,including cell line development,in order to bring down production costs andexpand to commercial markets.While Spains 2022 g
293、rant is significantly smaller than their 2021investment of 5.2 million,the focus on improving production capabilities addresses a criticalconcern as the sector looks to serve a mass market.State of Global Policy Report36SwedenIn 2014,the Swedish government granted SEK 1,600,000($154,831)to a prescie
294、nt studyinvestigating the potential of plant-based foods to reduce environmental impacts,improvenutrition,and valorize sidestreams from Swedish domestic products.Though investment inalternative proteins had been light since,in 2022,the government recommitted to the findings fromthat study as the cou
295、ntry invested SEK 150 million($14.5 million)to support a large-scalefarmer-owned pea protein processing facility as part of their Klimatklivet(“The Climate Leap”)program.The investment underscores the benefit of investing in domestic food sources amid achaotic geopolitical climate and the capacity f
296、or a transition to alternative proteins to center andsupport the existing agricultural workforce.SwitzerlandIn 2021,Switzerland attempted to ban the use of meat-related terms on the packaging ofplant-based foods,ordering Planted,a popular Swiss plant-based food producer,to remove theterms“chicken”an
297、d“pork”from the labels on their pea-based products.Planted challenged theorder,and in December 2022,the Zurich Administrative Court held that Planteds labels were notdeceptive because the labels as a whole clearly indicated that the products were meatless.Inaddition,the court indicated that using sp
298、ecies names like“chicken”or“pork”on plant-basedlabels can provide consumers with the information they need to understand the nature of theproduct.The Swiss regulator appealed the decision,however,and the case will head to the nationshighest court in 2023.Meanwhile,the Swiss State Secretariat for Edu
299、cation,Research and Innovation partially funded theHealthFerm project in collaboration with the EU(see above),granting 1.8 million($2 million)to aconsortium of academics and industry partners studying the nutritional benefits of plant-basedfermented foods.Among the 22 project partners is Swiss start
300、up Planted.TrkiyeTrkiye took a major step backward in 2022 by banning the production or sale of plant-basedcheese,stating that“products that give the impression of cheese cannot be made using vegetableoil or other food ingredients.”The nation had already banned plant-based alternatives from usingthe
301、 word“cheese”on their labeling but took their restrictions a step further in July 2022 with anoutright ban on the products.Popular plant-based cheese purveyors were forced to pull productsfrom shelves in response.State of Global Policy Report37United KingdomPublic supportFollowing 2021,in which the
302、independent National Food Strategy advised that the governmentinvest 50 million($62 million)in an alternative protein innovation cluster and 75 million($93million)in alternative protein startups,2022 marked an important year for alternative proteins asthe United Kingdom began making investments and
303、commitments in line with these goals.The UK unveiled their Government Food Strategy in June 2022,pledging at least 120 million($150 million)in“research across the food system,”including on alternative proteins,though theexact amount devoted to alternative proteins remains unclear.As part of this res
304、earch push,inSeptember 2022,the United Kingdoms Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)committed to spend 20 million($25 million)in conjunction with Innovate UK toward“capacity building,research,innovation,and business-led commercialization”in the alternativeprotein industry,in
305、cluding for biomass and precision fermentation.This sizable investment willsupport the development of a domestic plant-based protein industry and cellular agricultureecosystem around the UKs powerful knowledge centers.As part of this investment,at the end of 2022,the BBSRC and Innovate UK issued a 1
306、6 million($20 million)competitive funding call for feasibility studies and industrial research exploring novellow-emissions food production systems,including novel plant-based products or productionsystems,precision fermentation(and other acellular foods),and cultivated meat,biomassfermentation,and
307、other cellular food production.This represents one of the most promising stepsforward in funding alternative protein R&D in the United Kingdom to date.“This funding will enable UK companies to partner with our world-leadingscience-base to develop innovative,low emission food production systems thatm
308、eet rising consumer demand for products like alternative proteins.Producingfood in new environments can help take pressure away from traditionalland-based systems while also supporting our transition towards net zero.”Dr.Tom Jenkins,Deputy Challenge Director for the Transforming Food Production Prog
309、ramme at Innovate UKRegulation and labelingAlthough the United Kingdom is no longer part of the European Union,they have thus far retainedthe same regulatory processes for novel foods and genetically modified food and feed.As in theEuropean Union,novel plant-based,fermented,and cultivated meat produ
310、cts require premarketState of Global Policy Report38authorization,and companies must apply for authorization from the UK Food Standards Agency(FSA)using these guidelines.Outlined in January 2022,the Benefits of Brexit white paper pledged to review the novel foodsregulatory framework.This was widely
311、welcomed and presents an opportunity for the UnitedKingdom to establish a clearer,more streamlined route to market for alternative proteins that bothprioritizes food safety and drives innovation.As of early 2023,the review is being conducted by anindependent consultancy commissioned by the FSA.The f
312、uture of plant-based dairy labeling remains uncertain in the United Kingdom.In 2022,UKtrading standards enforcement officers presented draft guidance to the Department forEnvironment,Food,and Rural Affairs(known as Defra)recommending that plant-based productsshould be banned from using deliberate mi
313、sspellings and plays-on-words to get around existingrestrictions on the use of protected dairy nomenclature.As of early 2023,Defra was stillconsidering the draft guidance,which,if enforced,would make restrictions more hardline thanthose in the European Union.Middle East and AfricaCountries in the Mi
314、ddle East and North Africa,which import much of their staple crops and fertilizer,were especially hard hit by shocks to the global food system in 2022.Though grain prices havereturned to pre-2022 levels,the message for Middle Eastern governments was clear:amid anunpredictable geopolitical order and
315、a changing climate,increasing domestic food production is acritical concern.“Besides increasing food insecurity,the global food emergency has exacerbatednational security threats including conflict,unrest,and political instability.Ukraines exports alone feed 400 million people each year,and,together
316、,Russiaand Ukraine supply half of Lebanon and Tunisias cereal supply,two-thirds ofLibyas and Egypts,and nearly all of Somalias wheat.As a result,global wheatprices rose 56 percent in a year,and it has pushed Somalia to the brink of famine.High food prices were among the many concerns that drove prot
317、esters into thestreets at the beginning of the Arab Spring(2011).It is hardly far-fetched to thinkthey might soon do so again.”The Good Food Institute and Climate Advisors in“Why the United States Should Champion AlternativeProteins As A Food and National Security Solution”State of Global Policy Rep
318、ort39In response,the governments that can act are incentivizing the growth of cultivation andfermentation facilities especially,which can use various human-inedible feedstockscustomizedbased on domestically available resourcesto create highly nutritious food with minimal productionrequirements.Gover
319、nments in the region took different approaches based on their individualstrengths.While Israel remains a global leader in alternative protein research and development asthe“startup nation,”many of their cultivated meat startups opted in 2022 to locate theircommercial-scale facilities abroad due to t
320、he countrys lack of regulatory approval and support forscaling up(though there has been important progress in this area).Israels peers in the Gulf,suchas Qatar,Oman,and the United Arab Emirates,have adopted a different tactic,passing on researchand development and instead partnering with foreign alt
321、ernative meat startups,primarilyU.S.-based companies,to build commercial-scale production facilities and potentially fast-trackregulatory approval.Altogether,the alternative protein industry improved its public support in theMiddle East among diverse governments adopting a range of policies,setting
322、the stage to form arobust transnational alternative protein ecosystem.IsraelIsrael has long been a leader in their national support for alternative proteins,especially cultivatedmeat24 percent of global investment($637 million total)in cultivated meat is in Israelandalternative proteins enjoy freque
323、nt and explicit support from government leadership.With helpfrom GFI,in 2022,Israel celebrated their 74th Independence Day with a United Nations eventfocused on the countrys leadership on alternative proteins.A few months later,GFI Israelpartnered with the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs to host
324、 the Jewish new year in an eventattended by 60 global ambassadors that called for other countries to promote their own alternativeprotein strategies.In December of 2022,the Israeli embassy hosted the Future of Food event in Berlin.A formalreception at the ambassadors residence was dedicated to Israe
325、li Innovation in AlternativeProteins.Local participants included the director general of the German Ministry of Food andAgriculture,parliament members,diplomats,civil society representatives,industry stakeholders,investors,entrepreneurs,and local opinion leaders.The Israeli companies Redefine Meat,M
326、oreFoods,Yofix,and Innovopro provided products for sampling.The companies were offered a tailoredschedule of business meetings organized by the economic mission.GFI Israels national policy plan on alternative proteins leverages the Israeli alternative proteinecosystem to develop an industry capable
327、of local production and exports as an economic enginefor growth and for strengthening Israels national food security.The plan,parts of which havealready been put into practice,urges the government to invest$350 million over 10 years foralternative protein research,research center establishment,pilot
328、 and scaleup infrastructure,andregulation.It identifies opportunities and barriers for global leadership in this field,estimating thatIsrael could generate over 55,000 jobs in the sector,more than NIS 25 billion($9 billion)in taxrevenue,and more than 300 new startups.State of Global Policy Report40P
329、ublic supportBetween 2011 and 2022,the Israeli Innovation Authority(IIA)granted or committed$54 millionacross the country to aid research in alternative proteins,establish alternative protein startups,andsupport more mature startups in building pilot facilities,including committing$18 million to fun
330、d acultivated meat consortium established in 2022.In addition,new funding commitments from theIIA in 2022 totaled$25.2 million as the agency announced funding for knowledge infrastructure,startup and seed funding,product development,and pilot facility construction.In addition to investments from the
331、 IIA,GFI Israel helped secure$1.2 million for 15 researchgrants,with$950,000 provided by the Ministry of Innovation,Science and Technology,the Ministryof Agriculture and Rural Development,and GFI Israel,bringing Israels total investment inalternative proteins to over$81 million.This surge in investm
332、ent places Israel securely in the toptier of countries embracing alternative proteins as a key industry of the future.Israel has also recognized that open-access research and collaboration are vital to develop theindustry as a whole and has taken intentional steps to serve as a facilitator and catal
333、yst ofcollaboration between organizations.The National Council for Civilian Research and Developmentnamed food-tech,with an emphasis on alternative proteins,one of Israels top five researchpriorities.The Ministry of Science and Technologys research grants fund,which distributes NIS 180million a year,will emphasize the priority areas,with national programs to be established in theseareas.In April 2