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1、 /90 Credits and acknowledgements Management and coordination of the report Alfonso Rubio-Manzanares-Entanglement Partners Beln Piorno-AMETIC Authors Alberto Garca-Accenture Vctor Gaspar-GMV Javier Jordn-i2CAT Aitor Moreno-Ibermtica Guillermo Gil-Tecnalia Jos A.Camacho-Atos Enrique Lizaso-Multiverse
2、 Computing Xavier Gmez-FI Group Raquel Maeztu-Zabala Acknowledgements:AMETIC would like to thank all the companies in the Quantum Information,Computing and Cybersecurity Working Group and AMETICs Innovation Committee,AMETICs President and Vice-President,Pedro Mier and Luis Fernando lvarez-Gascn,and
3、the Managing Director,Francisco Hortigela,for their support in preparing this report.It would also like to thank the support of ICEX Spain Trade and Investment as sponsor.AMETIC would also like to thank all those interviewed for this article(in alphabetical order)for their effort and dedication:-Ant
4、onio Abad-Hispasat-Jorge Antonio Bes-Airbus-Ricardo Enriquez-Repsol-Alejandro Expsito-Merck-Jaime Gmez-Santander Bank-scar Pallarols-Cellnex-Juan Antonio Relao-Bosch-Miguel Rodrguez-Iberdrola-Escolstico Snchez-BBVA-Jaume Sanpera-Sateliot-Koldo Urabain-Mercedes Benz If you would like to join AMETICs
5、Quantum Information,Computing and Cybersecurity Working Group or for more information,please write to us at:innovacionametic.es This report is published under licence:Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Apart from logos and personal photographs,the images used are
6、 are taken from Pixabay under free use licenses./90 Editorial One of AMETICs main objectives since its foundation has been to pay attention to new disruptive technologies,for the benefit of its member companies and Spanish industry as a whole.Quantum technologies are set to play a disruptive role in
7、 the coming years due to the impact they will have on many areas,most notably in terms of mass computing capacity and secure encrypted communications,fields in which they will mark a new era,according to all forecasts.In order to facilitate access to information and collaborate in creating and conso
8、lidating a Spanish business ecosystem of quantum technologies,in 2017 AMETIC formed a Working Group on Quantum Technologies,one of the results of which was the publication in April 2019 of the document“La Espaa cuntica:Una aproximacin empresarial”(“Quantum Spain:a Business Approach”),the first to be
9、 published in Spain.Three years on,we are now putting the updated document in your hands(or on your screen).We hope that this document will contribute to a better understanding of what quantum technologies are and how they will affect the different business sectors,as well as highlighting the main q
10、uantum stakeholders and projects in Spain,the European strategy and the opportunities for boosting the Spanish quantum ecosystem and promoting the discovery that Spain has highly talented professionals and scientific institutions,both of which are at the highest international level.In addition to th
11、e important activity of AMETICs Quantum Technologies Working Group,AMETIC has been renewed as a member of the Strategic Advisory Board for the Quantum Technology Flagship,the main instrument promoted by the European Commission,as well as being a member of the European Quantum Industry Consortium(QuI
12、C),as part of which we are also the national chapter,and belonging to the UNE standardisation working group on Quantum Technologies.At AMETIC,we are convinced that if we are capable of joining forces and aligning the scientific and university community,technology centres,public administrations and t
13、he business sector,Spain can play a relevant role in the future of this strategic and promising sector,and we will dedicate our best efforts to achieving this.AMETIC encourages the business sector to join the movement to ensure that Spain seizes the opportunity and becomes a“quantum country”.We hope
14、 you find the report interesting and useful.September 2022 Pedro Mier Albert President of AMETIC September 2022 /90 Introduction Quantum technologies have extraordinary disruptive potential and are creating projects in the market that are capable of transforming the most strategic sectors of society
15、.Quantum computing promises to offer computing power of a magnitude that will revolutionise traditional computing and the way we process information,and it will also be possible to use it to efficiently solve complex problems in areas such as artificial intelligence,cryptography,data security and ma
16、chine learning.The potential industrial applications of quantum computing are numerous and have a high transformative potential in many sectors,such as health sciences,the automotive industry,logistics,commerce,the aerospace industry,energy and environment and even finance.However,quantum technologi
17、es still present many challenges in the technology sector,as powerful quantum computers need to be developed.This is also the case in the economic area,because quantum computers are extremely expensive to build and maintain and,lastly,do present a significant challenge in terms of the availability o
18、f the qualified and specialised talent required for their development.In a global world,the race to meet and overcome these challenges is already underway,and Spain is positioning itself with the ambition to become a quantum hub in southern Europe.Spain has a number of advantages that make it a very
19、 interesting destination for the development of quantum technologies.In the theoretical field,Spain has world class researchers in the fields of theoretical physics and materials physics,and there are even some small Spanish companies and startups that are beginning to apply the results of their the
20、oretical research to the quantum technologies industry.The Recovery,Transformation and Resilience Plan Funds represent a great opportunity to consolidate and boost the promising Spanish quantum ecosystem.These funds have been used to launch the Quantum Spain project,an initiative promoted by the Min
21、istry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation through the Secretary of State for Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence,which addresses the creation of a quantum computing ecosystem for Artificial Intelligence(AI)based on a public-private cooperation model.With a budget of 22 million euro
22、s,the project will invest in infrastructure,talent and research from 2022 to 2025.In terms of infrastructure,the Quantum Spain project will make quantum computing capabilities available to companies via the Spanish supercomputer network(RES).The first milestone to be achieved by the Quantum Spain in
23、itiative is the construction of the first quantum computer in southern Europe,which will be installed this year at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center(BSC-CNS)and will be integrated into the MareNostrum 5 supercomputer,which will be the most powerful in Spain and among the most advanced in Europe an
24、d the world.Elisa Garca Grande Executive Director Invest in Spain ICEX Spain Trade&Investment /90 The development of quantum technologies in Spain represents an interesting business opportunity for Spanish and foreign investors in the sector.With the aim of facilitating these investments,ICEX Espaa
25、Exportacin e Inversiones decided to collaborate with AMETICs Quantum Information,Computing and Cybersecurity Working Group by sponsoring the Quantum Spain report:A Business Approach,which seeks to facilitate the understanding of what quantum technologies are,and to further increase the attractivenes
26、s and potential of Spain as a quantum country./90 About this document It is a pleasure to present the update and reprint of AMETICs first report on“Quantum Spain:a business vision”,which we published three years ago.We are“immersed”in the third quantum revolution.This is the telecommunications,cyber
27、security and quantum computers revolution,which is having an immense impact on business and society.We are living through a crucial and exciting moment in this“quantum history”,which is a“dream come true”for physicists,a real“nightmare”for engineers and a great“opportunity”for companies.What has hap
28、pened in the past three years in Spain?Spain continues to be one of the world leaders in“quantum talent”with professionals like Daro Gil,Sergio Boixo,Mara Marced and Ignacio Cirac.The number of supply companies has multiplied,both multinationals,SMEs and new start-ups,and most importantly,new demand
29、 companies have started very relevant“quantum”projects in Spain and internationally.In addition,public authorities have promoted specific projects and increased their funding.AMETICs Quantum Technologies Working Group has established itself as the business hub benchmark in Spain and Europe.At the mo
30、ment,Spain has over fifty member companies both on the supply and demand side.This means growth,internationalisation and leadership.We wanted a“useful”document that would allow companies to learn about the current state of quantum technologies,but more importantly,to offer information and tools to s
31、tart incorporating these technologies into their business processes.The objectives of the document are as follows:To report on the current state of the art and advances in the different areas of quantum technologies.To provide information on companies,organisations,projects and funding.To make recom
32、mendations for supply and demand companies to join and consolidate this emerging market in Spain.To listen to the companies that will have to do business using these technologies.For this reason,we have asked eleven professionals from different business verticals and specialists in these technologie
33、s to explain their vision and expectations.To establish the basis from a business perspective for the“National Strategy on Quantum Technologies-ENTC”.To open ourselves up to the principles of“quantum ethics”.We have included an extensive section on project funding in the form of an ANNEX.AMETICs Qua
34、ntum Technologies Working Group is continuing to work on drafting two new documents:A compilation of Use cases and success stories and an in-depth document on ethics and corporate responsibility.I would especially like to thank the authors and the eleven excellent business professionals who particip
35、ated in the interviews for their involvement and Alfonso Rubio-Manzanares VP of AMETICs Innovation Committee and General Coordinator of its Quantum Technologies Group /90 excellence.And,of course,I extend my thanks to the entire AMETIC team represented by its President.This document will serve to aw
36、aken the interest of companies in these truly disruptive technologies,which are already having a substantial impact on their business processes and in all areas of economic activity.Within AMETICs“quantum”Group,we are convinced that the question is not“when”,but“who”and if Spain will be one of the l
37、eaders.because if Spain is not one of them,what does it matter when?Let us not forget that“the world is quantum”./90 Contents Credits and acknowledgements 2 Editorial 3 Introduction 4 About this document 6 Contents 8 Quantum Technologies 10 What do we mean by Quantum Technologies?10 Sensors and metr
38、ology 10 Communications 10 Computing and simulation 10 Is there a real risk of quantum winter?10 Quantum Spain 13 Companies(by size and alphabetical order)13 Technology and R&D centres 17 Regional partnerships and ecosystems 18 National and regional projects and initiatives with public funding 20 In
39、terviews 23 Antonio Abad 24 Jorge Antonio Bes 26 Dr Ricardo Enrquez 27 Alejandro Expsito 28 Jaime Gmez 30 scar Pallarols 32 Juan Antonio Relao 34 Miguel Rodrguez 36 Escolstico Snchez 38 Jaume Sanpera 40 Koldo Urabain 42 Quantum Ethics 45 Ethics and quantum:key issues 46 Unforeseen risks and unintend
40、ed consequences 46 Technological inclusion 46 Environmental,social and corporate governance(ESG)47 Ethics and quantum:key actions 47 Continuous study of risks and consequences 47 Outreach and education 47 Legal frameworks and regulations 48 What can my company do?What role can AMETIC play?50 Five pa
41、rticular recommendations for adopting quantum within organisations 50 Funding avenues for quantum technologies 51 National opportunities 51 International opportunities 51 Bases for a Spanish strategy on quantum technologies 54 Favourable conditions 55 Visibility of the Spanish ecosystem on the globa
42、l stage 56 Coordination between stakeholders 56 Awareness raising,demand creation and mobilisation 57 Accelerating supply-side entrepreneurship within the Spanish quantum ecosystem 57 Implementation of attractor projects 58 /90 Experimental and piloting environments 58 Support for deep industrial re
43、search and innovation 59 Talent retention,attraction and development 59 Strengthening open and well-connected networks 60 Annex.Financing channels(details)62 National opportunities 62 CDTI R&D projects(PID)62 CDTI Misiones 63 CDTIs NEOTEC 64 Aeronautical Technologies Programme 65 ERDF Interconecta 6
44、6 Aerospace PERTE(Strategic Project for Economic Recovery and Transformation)67 Chip PERTE(Strategic Project for Economic Recovery and Transformation)68 Quantum Spain 69 Gipuzkoa Quantum 70 Supplementary Plans 70 Red.es IA+THDs 71 Innovative Business Clusters-IBCs 71 RD&I projects following strategi
45、c lines for 2022 73 Public-private partnership projects 73 International opportunities 74 QuantERA and Quantum Flagship 74 Digital Europe Programme 75 Horizon Europe 76 Pillar 1 Excellent Science 76 European Research Council(ERC)76 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions(MSCA)77 Pillar 2:Global Challenges an
46、d European Industrial Competitiveness 78 Cluster 4.Digitalisation,Industry and Space 78 Pillar 3:Innovative Europe 80 European Innovation Council(EIC)80 European partnerships 82 Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking(KDT JU)82 European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking(EuroHPC JU)83 E
47、UREKA 83 EUREKA Network 83 Celtic-Next Cluster 83 Eurostars 84 CEF(Connecting Europe Facility)Digital 84 European Defence Fund 85 ERASMUS+86 Cooperation partnerships in the fields of education,training and youth 86 Small-scale partnerships in the fields of education,training,and youth 87 Partnership
48、s for innovation 87 Erasmus Mundus Actions 87 /90 Quantum Technologies Quantum physics is a long-established scientific discipline,introduced by Max Planck in the 20th century,when he quantized the energy states of the photon.This area of science has developed and evolved over the years with scienti
49、sts like Schrdinger,Heisenberg,Dirack and Feynman,to name but a few.At the same time,a range of quantum technologies has been being developed by taking advantage of this new knowledge.But what do we mean by quantum technologies?When we talk about quantum technologies,we typically refer to quantum se
50、nsing and metrology;quantum communications;and quantum computing and simulation.What do we mean by Quantum Technologies?Sensors and metrology Sensors are one of the first applications of quantum technologies.Their technological implementation has high levels of maturity,with sensors already being us
51、ed in production environments.Quantum sensors have higher sensitivity and resolution to external effects than their classical predecessors,e.g.for measuring electric currents,magnetism,gravity or time.Each technology implements its own mechanism to perform the measurement,but typically one or more o
52、f the following quantum phenomena are used:quantized energy levels,quantum coherence,quantum entanglement,super-radiance,amongst others.Communications Communications,and specifically in the short to medium term,their security,will be revolutionised by the advent of quantum key exchange.This type of
53、mechanism,in one of its simplest versions,uses the properties of the quantum non-cloning phenomenon and a number of classical communication protocols to exchange a symmetric encryption key between two points.This mechanism called quantum key distribution(or QKD)offers the guarantee that the exchange
54、d key has not been observed by a potential attacker,and is not vulnerable to the adversarys computational capacity or mathematical skills(as classical cryptography is,including post-quantum cryptography).In the longer term,the possibility of teleportation via entangled cubits(the basis for quantum r
55、epeaters)paves the way for interconnecting networks of quantum devices over long distances and underpins the construction and deployment of the future Quantum Internet.Computing and simulation Quantum processing technologies are expected to have the greatest impact,as the processing power of this te
56、chnology grows exponentially with the number of qubits we are able to control interlinked with each other.Although still in its infancy,this technology promises to solve problems that are currently not tractable using classical computing.Among other applications,quantum computing excels in its abili
57、ty to simulate quantum effects,such as the behaviour of atoms and particles.Is there a real risk of quantum winter?Advances in quantum physics in recent years have brought with them accelerating technological developments,achieving progress in this field that seemed impossible only a few years ago./
58、90 Because of this progress and the significant economic return it could bring,both public and private investment is very intense.The European Union is flying the banner for quantum technologies through its 10-year Quantum Flagship,with a planned investment of 1 billion.Many European countries have
59、a national quantum technologies strategy and/or national programmes for funding quantum technologies.All major technology companies are investing heavily in quantum and are starting to offer associated services.Start-ups in the field have proliferated,some with local focus.Numerous territorial ecosy
60、stems that seek to accelerate the application of these technologies through research,technological development and innovation have also started to consolidate.As a result,quantum resonates in specialised and non-specialised media.This current situation of enthusiasm,or hype,raises some analogies wit
61、h what has happened previously with other technologies and,especially,due to its proximity,is the case of Artificial Intelligence.When the expectations of a technology are misaligned with the reality of what it can offer,since technological development follows a certain process,which is very complex
62、 in this case,after the period of enthusiasm,there can be a period of cooling,i.e.,a reduction of investments(with the consequent disbanding of talent),changes in priorities,discrediting of the private sector,a halt in technological development,pessimism,etc.In the case of Artificial Intelligence(AI
63、),this was called the“AI Winter”or winters,as there were several.Although Quantum Winter tends to refer to quantum computing,a drop in enthusiasm for quantum computing could also weigh down ongoing investments and efforts in quantum communications(which would lose its primary motivation of securing
64、communications and interconnecting quantum computers),and setting up sensor systems(which largely depends on investment in basic science).The Spanish market for quantum technologies has limited RD&I funding,is highly dispersed throughout the country and has a small domestic market,with few large com
65、panies acting as drivers.A cutback in investment policies could derail the emerging Spanish ecosystem,and accentuate the brain drain to other countries or to better-funded lines of research.In order to avoid a Quantum Winter,we in the industrial sectors believe that we must:1)Maintain public policy
66、interest,in the form of national and regional strategic plans that set clear medium-and long-term objectives,and commit sufficient financial resources to develop them.2)The industry must define a vision of impact as the first step for a national strategy,which will allow for the continuation of publ
67、ic policies on training,RD&I programmes,etc.This vision will be based on the strengths of the country and the industry.This vision should include progress indicators to measure how the vision is being implemented,and to detect possible stagnation.3)The public administration should act as an early ad
68、opter to enable an initial market demand to develop the industry.For example,this could be achieved using instruments,such as innovative and pre-commercial public procurement.4)Quantum technologies should be incorporated into other fields of knowledge or disciplines,with a higher level of technologi
69、cal maturity and in a more consolidated form on the market,facilitating synergies with them.An example of this type of synergy could be quantum computing and high-performance computing.This should enable a continuous flow of activity in this field between supply and demand./90 /90 Quantum Spain Sinc
70、e the last report published in 2019,the emerging Spanish industrial ecosystem of quantum technologies has advanced thanks to publicly funded initiatives,such as Quantum Spain1,or public-private initiatives,such as the CUCO project2,industrial leaders who have embarked on new projects(as we will see
71、in the interviews section),as well as a whole system of technology centres,associations and regional ecosystems,which help to create knowledge,technology transfer and market dynamisation.Despite progress,this ecosystem remains small and incohesive.It needs to continue to grow internationally,especia
72、lly towards Europe,which will be its main market in the coming years.Retaining and attracting talent must become a priority,as well as technology transfer from research centres to new start-ups with the capacity to attract private investment.Spanish industry leaders must be drivers of demand,as well
73、 as national and European public funding to further develop the ecosystem.In order to map this emerging Spanish quantum technologies ecosystem,the following is an index of the main companies(by size),end users(demand)that have initiated projects,technology and RD&I centres,the main national and regi
74、onal initiatives with public funding,as well as national and regional associations.Companies(by size and alphabetical order)The following is a list of companies based in Spain that offer services or products relating to quantum technologies.1 https:/portal.mineco.gob.es/es-es/comunicacion/Paginas/21
75、1026_np_cuantico.aspx Name Size Description Accenture Large company Technology consultancy services company.Multinational company offering quantum technologies services covering the whole spectrum:strategic consulting,implementation,architecture design,etc.https:/ Amazon Braket Large company Multina
76、tional company offering the Amazon Braket service.A fully managed Amazon Web Services(AWS)cloud service designed to provide quantum computing users with remote access to a single development environment.The main feature it offers is the option to access several quantum services from a single archite
77、cture.https:/ ATOS Large company French IT services company.They have a quantum computer simulator called the Quantum Learning Machine.Focus on HPC and quantum computing.https:/ Deloitte Large company It has a global strategy to address quantum computing as a consultancy and service,differentiated b
78、y technology and industry,supported by different sites and supplier partnerships.It undertakes proof-of-concepts with customers to apply quantum-inspired technology,and develops a plan to disseminate and bring customers closer to real-life case studies.https:/ EY Large company Multinational professi
79、onal services company.It offers consultancy and implementation services for quantum and quantum-inspired technology projects.https:/ 2 https:/www.cuco.tech/90 Name Size Description GMV Large company Multinational technology group in the aerospace,defence,cybersecurity,intelligent transport and IT in
80、dustries.It engages in projects in the fields of computing,communications and quantum sensing.Among others,it leads the CUCO project,and participates in the CARAMUEL project,leading the field segment for the task.https:/ Grant Thornton Large company Grant Thornton in Spain is the worlds sixth larges
81、t professional services firm for auditing,business consulting,technology and innovation.It works on implementing projects across different verticals(finance,insurance,energy,automotive,retail,etc.)using disruptive technologies:Blockchain,AI,Quantum Technologies.https:/www.grantthornton.es/Ibermtica
82、Large company After over 45 years activity in the Information and Communications Technology sector,Ibermtica is ranked number 8 among the top Information and Communications Technology companies on the Spanish market,bringing together almost 3,800 professionals and representing a turnover of over 258
83、 million.Since 2019,the Ibermtica Digital unit has been set up as the department from which it offers the market highly innovative solutions and which encompasses Ibermticas commitment to Quantum as the next step in AI.It integrates quantum solutions from access to the most suitable quantum computer
84、s for each use case,to consultancy,integration of these solutions in the customers process,through to the development,modelling and deployment of quantum solutions.It is currently part of the Ayesa group.https:/ Quantum Large company Multinational company.It offers one of the first publicly accessib
85、le quantum computers based on superconducting qubits.It has the IBM Quantum Composer and IBM Quantum Lab platforms that enable cloud access to quantum computing services.Developer of its own quantum software called Qiskit.https:/ Name Size Description Keysight Large company Electronic manufacturing
86、company producing wavefront generation modules and digitisers using programmable FPGA technology.They are based in Barcelona following the acquisition of Sygnadine,a former ICFO spin-off.https:/ Microsoft Large company Multinational company.It offers the Azure Quantum service,which is a complete clo
87、ud development stack for quantum computers.It provides access to quantum computers from different manufacturers.https:/ Telefnica Large company Multinational company.Their main focus is on quantum communications.Together with UPM and Huawei,they have launched the MadQCI quantum communications networ
88、k.This network is a world first,demonstrating the application of quantum cryptography to commercial optical networks and its integration with network operation through SDN(Software Defined Networking)technologies.https:/ Research Center SME A private research centre created to develop ideas and get
89、involved in projects of high technological and social impact,through a multidisciplinary strategy.They have a Quantum Computing department.https:/ Software Engineering SME Quantum software development and consultancy company.Created from the aQuantum research group,founded by the company alhambraIT
90、and the Alarcos research group from the University of Castile-La Mancha.They are developing a quantum software development platform for the hybrid solutions ecosystem.https:/www.aquantum.es/Cinfo SME Cinfo is a company based on talent and commitment.The team is made up of specialists in different fi
91、elds:Artificial Intelligence,video encoding,IoT,Bigdata,AndroidTV,UI/UX,software design and development.https:/www.cinfo.es/home/90 Name Size Description DAS Photonics SME Platform integrators in the defence,avionics and space industries.Spin-off from the Nanophotonics Technology Centre at the Polyt
92、echnic University of Valencia.They participate in the CUCO project.https:/ Partners SL SME First quantum consulting company created in Spain and Latin America.Its main activity focuses on strategic and technological consultancy relating to quantum technologies.https:/ SME Start-up created by IMN-CNM
93、(CSIC)researchers to manufacture single photon sources,with applications in communication and quantum technologies.https:/g2- SME Technology-based company created from the CSIC.It designs and markets quantum and quantum-inspired solutions for optimisation,simulation and machine learning problems.htt
94、ps:/www.inspiration- iPronics SME It develops programmable photonic integrated circuits for all layers of industry.Photonic processing for greener hardware in communications,sensor and computing applications.https:/ IQM SME Leading pan-European quantum computer company with its headquarters in Espoo
95、,Finland.It has recently opened a subsidiary in Spain(Bilbao),focusing on quantum finance and co-designing quantum computers.https:/ SME LuxQuanta is an ICFO spin-off based in Barcelona.Focused on providing quantum key distribution(QKD)systems and technologies for integration into existing network i
96、nfrastructures.https:/ Size Description Multiverse Computing SME European leader in quantum computing.With 70 employees in San Sebastian,Toronto,Paris and Munich.They have a portfolio of over 30 patents.They have their own product:Singularity.This is dedicated to applying quantum computing and“Quant
97、um Inspiration”to problems in different fields of application:finance,economics,aerospace,health,automotive,industry 4.0,logistics,etc.https:/ SME It is the first company to deliver Quantum technology to Web3 ecosystems;offering Quantum capabilities,HW and algorithms to Web3 organisations and projec
98、ts.It provides quick,easy access to quantum algorithms.https:/qcentroid.xyz/Qilimanjaro SME They design and market annealer-type quantum computers.They manufacture the complete stack:quantum chip,control software and development libraries.https:/www.qilimanjaro.tech/Quantum Mads SME They offer the h
99、ybrid QSaaS tool that enables their customers to tackle the most challenging industrial problems.Its aim is to dissect the intrinsic dynamics of complex industrial systems and create innovative,hardware-independent solutions.https:/quantum- SME Focused on implementing quantum computing applications
100、and opening up the spectrum of quantum computing to a wider audience.They offer research,consultancy and training services https:/ SME Spin-off of ICFO.They manufacture wide-spectrum image sensors.Their sensors are based on quantum dot(or well)technology.This technology enables signals from the visi
101、ble to the short-wave infrared range to be detected,and can be integrated with todays low-cost,high-end CMOS sensors.https:/www.qurv.tech/90 Name Size Description QuSide SME They design and market high-quality,ultrafast entropy sources for random number generation(using quantum principles).https:/ S
102、ervicios Informticos SME IT services company that has been introduced to quantum computing through the CDTI Cervera Q-OPTIMIZA project,involving an optimisation system based on quantum computing.https:/serikat.es/TTI Norte SME TTI provides state-of-the-art antenna and radio frequency solutions for s
103、atellite communications.They participate in the H2020 project QMICS to create a microwave-based quantum local area network.This architecture will be used to implement quantum communication protocols,such as teleportation between two superconducting quantum nodes.https:/www.ttinorte.es/qmics/VLC Phot
104、onics SME A photonic chip design company offering integration services for multiple fields,such as fibre optics,microwave photonics,optical sensing,instrumentation,biophotonics,etc.It is currently part of the Hitachi Group.https:/ wording./90 Technology and R&D centres Spain has an excellent and lar
105、ge group of technology and R&D centres that are helping to create the Spanish quantum technologies ecosystem by creating internal groups specialised in quantum technologies,establishing technology-based spin-offs,or engaging in knowledge transfer.Technology centre Description BSC This is Spains nati
106、onal supercomputing centre.It leads the Quantum Spain project as head of the Spanish Supercomputing Network.https:/www.bsc.es/CESGA The mission of the Galician supercomputing centre is to contribute to science through research and applying high-performance computing and communications.They lead the
107、Galician Quantum Technologies Hub,and have recently tendered for the construction of a quantum computer.https:/www.cesga.es/CSIC In addition to participating in various national and European programmes,the CSIC has created the Quantum Technologies Platform(https:/qtep.csic.es),a project involving 35
108、 research groups across 18 of its own and joint institutes,which collaborates with universities and companies to develop quantum technologies(computing,communication,sensing),manufacture these and transfer them to industry.The start-ups G2-Zero and Inspiration-Q are the result of this initiative.htt
109、ps:/www.csic.es/es CTIC A Technology Centre specialising in Data and Artificial Intelligence technologies.It has a line of specialisation in quantum computing and,together with the QHPC Group from the University of Oviedo,has developed the QUTE Platform that emulates a 38 qbit quantum computer.www.f
110、undacionctic.org Technology centre Description CTTC-Centre Tecnolgic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya(Telecommunications Technology Centre of Catalonia)Leader in physical,access and network layer technologies for terrestrial telecommunication networks,working on quantum communications and QKD as we
111、ll as their impact and integration in optical networks and security enhancement in 5G and the future 6G.https:/www.cttc.cat/DIPC International benchmark in basic research in the field of materials science,with lines of research in quantum chemistry and computer modelling,the development of new mater
112、ials and nanoscale properties.http:/dipc.ehu.es/Eurecat Eurecat has a research group on Quantum Computing,which is integrated into its Digital Technologies department.The groups research focuses on designing and implementing quantum machine learning algorithms(Quantum Machine Learning)as well as sol
113、ving optimisation problems using different quantum computing paradigms.https:/eurecat.org/es/i2Cat A research leader in 5G/6G,IoT,immersive technologies and space communications.It is working on quantum communications,QKD and their integration into Internet protocols and future 6G satellite networks
114、.https:/ The Ibermtica Institute of Innovation(I3B)is an applied research entity created by Ibermtica at the end of 2005,whose aim is to promote innovative solutions and services by using Information and Communications Technology,following an innovative system through people and processes.I3B was cr
115、eated in response to the growing demand for innovation in the services sector.Currently,I3B has a staff of 70 highly qualified researchers and its activity is oriented towards running research,development and innovation(R&D&I)projects relating to technologies associated with Artificial Intelligence
116、and Quantum Computing,in addition to other fields.https:/ Technology centre Description ICFO It participates in different European and national programmes.These are international benchmarks for photonic sciences.It has created several spin-offs,such as QuSide and LuxQuanta.https:/www.icfo.eu/es/ICN2
117、-Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology A leading researcher at the nanoscale,it works on examining the quantum behaviour of matter,with a focus on quantum materials and their technological applications,such as quantum computing and quantum communications.https:/icn2.cat/en/IFAE Benchma
118、rk in theoretical and experimental physics,high energy physics,astrophysics and cosmology,as well as applied physics,such as medical imaging and quantum computing.https:/www.ifae.es/IMDEA Nanoscience Institute An interdisciplinary research centre focused on the field of nanoscience,nanotechnology an
119、d molecular design,with programmes in quantum nanodevices,nanomagnetism and nanomedicine,to name but a few.https:/www.nanociencia.imdea.org/TECNALIA TECNALIA is the largest applied research and technological development centre in Spain,and a benchmark in Europe.It is working on computing and simulat
120、ion,sensorics,QKD communications and PQC.https:/ wording.Regional partnerships and ecosystems The important stakeholders in the Spanish quantum technologies ecosystem also include business associations,technology hubs and different territorial ecosystems.Such entities help to streamline the market a
121、nd create synergies between different stakeholders.Partnership or ecosystem Description AMETIC Working Group on Quantum Information,Computing and Cybersecurity,belonging to AMETICs Innovation Committee.AMETIC is the Voice of the Digital Industry in Spain.The Quantum Technologies Group comprises over
122、 50 supply and demand side companies.It actively participates in the AMETIC Congress in Santander by organising the“Quantum Table”and awards the AMETIC prize for“Business Excellence in Quantum Technologies”.In addition,it has collaborated with the Industry 4.0 Commission on publishing a document on
123、the application of Quantum Technologies in the industrial field,compiling different use cases.It is a member of the Quantum Industrial Consortium QuIC and represents this organisation in Spain.It is a member of the Quantum Strategic Advisory Board for the EU Flagship.It is a member of the UNE CTN 07
124、1/SC14“Quantum Technologies”working group.https:/ametic.es/es APTE/DISRUPTIVE The Association of Spanish Science Parks has created the DISRUPTIVE Platform to study,disseminate and promote disruptive digital technologies.This Platform has a working group on quantum computing,coordinated by the CSICs
125、Quantum Technologies Platform.https:/ptedisruptive.es/conocimiento/grupos-trabajo/barcelonaqbit bqb A think tank and professional network for quantum technologies with 17,000“qualified quantum contacts”on LinkedIn.It recognises the work of dissemination information on quantum technologies via Linked
126、In through“bqb Quantum Top Voices”.http:/ Partnership or ecosystem Description Council for Quantum Technologies of Catalonia A council created by the Government of Catalonia in June 2021 that brings together the main players in quantum technologies in Catalonia.It is chaired by Andreu Mas Colell and
127、 promoted by the Government of Catalonia.https:/cido.diba.cat/legislacio/11990223/acord-gov1012021-de-6-de-juliol-pel-qual-es-crea-el-consell-de-les-tecnologies-quantiques-de-catalunya-departament-de-la-vicepresidencia-i-de-politiques-digitals-i-territori Gipuzkoa Quantum The Department of Education
128、 for the Basque Government and the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa signed a collaboration agreement in September 2021 with the aim of jointly promoting the development of a Quantum Technologies Hub in Gipuzkoa.https:/www.gipuzkoa.eus/es/-/aldundia-eta-jaurlaritza-lankidetzan-arituko-dira-gipuzkoan-te
129、knologia-kuantikoen-polo-bat-garatzeko IKUR The Ikur 2030 Strategy issued by the Basque Governments Department of Education is committed to developing four emblematic areas or niches by 2030,including quantum technologies.https:/www.science.eus/es/ikur Madrid Quantum Network It boosts European capab
130、ilities in quantum technologies,cybersecurity and industrial competitiveness;it is focused on providing quantum key distribution as a service.https:/www.upm.es/recursosidi/offers-resources/soluciones-tecnologicas/madrid-quantum-network/Galician Quantum Technologies Hub The Hub was created to make Ga
131、licia a European and international benchmark in quantum computing and communication by 2030,both at an academic and research level,as well as at a business and commercial level.https:/www.cesga.es/polo-de-tecnologias-cuanticas-de-galicia/Quantica-Mediterranean Valley of Quantum Science and Technolog
132、ies Creation of a hub model similar to Munich Quantum Valley.Led by ICFO,and with support from the Department of Science and Universities for the Government of Catalonia.https:/dogc.gencat.cat/es/document-del-dogc/index.html?documentId=923673 Partnership or ecosystem Description QuantumCAT This is t
133、he quantum technologies hub for Catalonia.It aims to develop projects on technologies that are currently in the laboratory so that these can be implemented at the industrial level.The Hub includes both research institutions in Catalonia and industrial players in this field.It has received funding fr
134、om the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)within the ERDF programme,and from the RIS3CAT programme.https:/quantum-cat.cat/es/inicio/Quantum Computing Spanish Association in Informatics Qspain is a Quantum Computing Think Tank created as a non-profit association formed by full members.Its aim is
135、 to foster and promote the development of quantum computing and its applications from Spain.https:/qspain.org/Quantum Ecosystem(Bizkaia)The Bizkaia Provincial Councils strategy to consolidate the regions international position in the field of quantum technologies and to become a benchmark hub for kn
136、owledge and future developments in the field of quantum.https:/web.bizkaia.eus/es/web/comunicacion/noticias/-/news/detailView/22203 Quantum World Association QWA An independent international start-up organisation with a focus on quantum technologies.It is based in Barcelona.Its mission is to empower
137、 and accelerate the deployment of Quantum Technologies in enterprises,connecting users,suppliers and opinion leaders.www.quantumwa.org Spanish Quantum Information and Technologies Network National Network funded by the State Research Agency(AEI),which has been under the Ministry of Science and Innov
138、ation since 2014 and which brings together the main groups for quantum technologies and information,both theoretical and experimental,in Spain.It promotes the organisation of meetings,summer schools and,in particular,the ICE congress.https:/www.ritce2020.hbar.es Source:Own wording./90 National and r
139、egional projects and initiatives with public funding The following is a list of the main regional,national and European projects and initiatives that have received public funding,with the participation of Spanish companies,contributing to streamlining the Spanish national ecosystem.For each project
140、or initiative,the source of funding,the approximate amount and the project leader are identified.Project Description PERTE VEC(Strategic Project for Economic Recovery and Transformation for developing electric and connected vehicles)Renault Industrial innovation ecosystem for electric,autonomous and
141、 connected vehicles.Multiverse Computing is participating in this project by contributing to creating new quantum algorithms to better support new test platforms and other operations relating to electric,connected and autonomous cars.https:/ Communications Supplementary Scheme Research project finan
142、ced by the recovery funds and the autonomous communities,with the participation of Castile and Len,Catalonia,the Community of Madrid,Galicia,the Basque Country and the CSICs Quantum Technologies Platform.The central theme of this scheme is quantum communications,but it also includes contributions to
143、wards sensing,quantum computing and algorithms,for example.https:/www.ciencia.gob.es/Estrategias-y-Planes/Plan-de-Recuperacion-Transformacion-y-Resiliencia-PRTR/Planes-complementarios-con-CCAA/Comunicacion-cuantica.html AgrarIA project Within the AgrarIA project,GMV and CSIC will lead a pilot projec
144、t using quantum machine learning to try to predict the yield of agricultural crops.https:/www.csic.es/es/actualidad-del-csic/un-equipo-del-csic-utilizara-inteligencia-artificial-cuantica-para-predecir-el Project Description CUCO project CUCO is the first large industrial consortium of quantum comput
145、ing at the national level in Spain with the aim of advancing scientific and technological knowledge of quantum computing algorithms,supported by the CDTI within the Misiones 2021 programme and supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the Recovery,Transformation and Resilience Plan.h
146、ttps:/www.cuco.tech/QUANGO project Together with ICFO and 6 other partners,in January 2021,Sateliot launched the QUANGO project“cubesat for QUANtum and 5G cOmmunication”,funded through the H2020 call for tenders.This project will design and prototype the key elements of a satellite mission aimed at
147、providing internet of things services and quantum key distribution.https:/cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101004341/es Q-SiNG A project resulting from the 2021 call for tenders by EDF to develop a quantum-based inertial navigator and gravimeter.https:/defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/system/files/202
148、2-09/Factsheet_EDF21_Q-SiNG.pdf QFirst and Q-eNVy QFirst aims to develop quantum components(quantum hardware)for ultra-resolution sensors using solid-state physics technologies based on vacant nitrogen centres.It is coordinated by TECNALIA with collaboration from the UPV/EHU,TEKNIKER,the Materials P
149、hysics Centre and AVS NEXT.Q-eNVy backs the above initiative with a scientific-technological infrastructure to support RD&I in this field of knowledge.These initiatives are supported by the Basque Governments ELKARTEK and AZPITEK programmes,respectively.Quantek This organisation studies problems,cha
150、llenges and limitations of quantum technologies,analyses possible applications in Basque industry,and subsequently disseminates both applications and capabilities.It focuses on Quantum Software Engineering,Quantum Optimisation and Simulation(Computation and Simulation),Quantum Security and Communica
151、tions and Quantum Computing Ecosystem building.It is funded by the Basque Governments Elkartek Programme.https:/www.quantek.eus/90 Project Description Quantum Spain Creation of the first quantum computing ecosystem in Southern Europe,based on a public-private cooperation model;an open quantum superc
152、omputer,serving the research community,companies and public entities.https:/quantumspain-project.es/Source:Own wording./90 /90 Interviews As we have seen in the previous sections,a large number of initiatives are being carried out in Spain,driven by the public administration and the supply sector,wi
153、th the aim of creating services,innovative products and a strong,cohesive ecosystem.However,these efforts would come to nothing if the demand side did not follow suit.With the aim of giving visibility to quantum technology projects initiated by leading demand-side companies in Spain,AMETIC has invit
154、ed those responsible for these projects to contribute an article.These articles reflect the views of the author and not those of AMETIC,or its members,and contain information that the author has freely chosen to share.As far as possible,AMETIC has included as authors a representation of leading comp
155、anies in different industries,such as banking,pharma,aerospace,energy,automotive and telco./90 Antonio Abad Chief Technical Officer(CTO).HISPASAT We are currently experiencing the so-called“second quantum revolution”,which promises a paradigm shift,in which quantum computing will achieve the potenti
156、al to solve problems in a way that would previously have been unimaginable.However,these new computational capabilities threaten the security of the encryption systems on which our society depends.It is therefore necessary to develop secure communications methods that are resistant to this threat.Qu
157、antum Key Distribution(QKD)systems ensure authentication and privacy of communications by providing secure encryption keys,as the presence of an intruder is always detected and the compromised key is discarded.Ground-based quantum networks are currently being deployed in an experimental phase in sev
158、eral metropolitan areas in countries like China,Germany and even Spain.However,the range of such ground-based networks is limited to just over 100 kilometres,making satellite the optimal medium for transmitting these keys over longer distances.The global quantum satellite communications market(inclu
159、ding platforms,launches and services)is expected to reach USD 2.6 billion by 2030,with a cumulative turnover associated with services(mainly QKD)of USD 1.8 billion.We are currently validating the technology in orbit using experimental satellites.There are,therefore,a number of challenges to be overc
160、ome in relation to satellite-based quantum technologies.Firstly,increasing the robustness of the quantum signals to mitigate the noise present in the free-space channel and thus achieving higher key transfer rates.Secondly,the system components must be built to withstand the demanding conditions the
161、y will be subjected to in space.Finally,photon sources and on-board telescopes are another barrier due to their current low level of technological maturity.As a result,projects are needed to fund the qualification,integration and in-orbit demonstration of such equipment.National level At the nationa
162、l level,Spain should address a plan for developing the technologies needed to design,create and potentially operate a quantum communications service,including the satellite.Such a service would be provided by an end-to-end system involving industry,operators,academia and national users.Such an ambit
163、ious task,focused on providing such a critical service,can only be undertaken through public-private collaboration;starting with proofs of concept and usability demonstrators,and culminating with the implementation of a system that meets the security requirements validated through certifications and
164、 that will be integrated into the European Commissions project for developing the future European secure quantum communications infrastructure(EuroQCI).Antonio Abad Chief Technical Officer(CTO)HISPASAT /90 HISPASAT has recently obtained the support of the European Space Agency(ESA)within the framewo
165、rk of the ARTES“Competitiveness&Growth”Programme,through the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology(CDTI),for its Caramuel Phase A project.This project aims to design,develop,launch and operate the first implementation of a QKD system from geostationary orbit.The space segment will be e
166、mbarked upon as a hosted payload on an upcoming HISPASAT High Throughput Satellite(HTS).The new ground segment to manage and control the QKD service will allow its integration into the EuroQCI framework.During the projects feasibility study phase,the different technological and design alternatives a
167、re being evaluated,according to the state of the art and the requirements of the services to be provided,leading to the definition and specification of the system and the associated development plan.Quantum talent In Spain,there is abundant know-how and a multitude of internationally renowned expert
168、s.An example is our Caramuel project consortium,made up of fourteen industrial and six academic partners,who are all leaders in their respective fields.In addition to the space industry and academia,the consortium includes the collaboration of operators like Telefnica and Cellnex,with whom we are an
169、alysing the interconnection with quantum ground-based infrastructures and with end users,such as Santander Bank and BBVA,in order to form an end-to-end system that meets the customers current and future security needs.Finally,and in line with its mission,by working with national,European and interna
170、tional institutions,both public and private,AMETIC can promote policies and legislation that facilitate the development and use of satellite-based quantum technologies.Tasks could include the creation of collaborative centres,the development and coordination of roadmaps,collaboration with standardis
171、ation bodies(ITU or ETSI)and,of course,outreach aimed at accelerating the adoption of these innovative technologies,which are indispensable for secure communications in the sustainable society of the future./90 Jorge Antonio Bes Expert in Mass Properties-Physics of Flight.Airbus At Airbus,we believe
172、 that quantum technologies will represent a paradigm shift in the way aircraft are built and operated.That is why Airbus is closely following the evolution of these technologies,not only in the field of computing,but also in the areas of sensors and communications.We want to pioneer the use of these
173、 technologies to improve the performance of our products and services,as they will help us solve some of the most complex problems in the aerospace world.At Airbus,we are not working alone but in collaboration with the worlds best experts from academia and start-ups.Through Airbus Ventures,we invest
174、 in leading quantum technology companies like IonQ,QCWare,Q-Ctrl and C12 Quantum Electronics.We also collaborate with universities,such as the University of Bristols Quantum Technology Innovation Centre.In 2019,we launched the“Airbus Quantum Computing Challenge”,an open initiative aimed at the entir
175、e community of researchers,experts,universities and companies.Airbus proposed five real problems relating to the physics of flight,for which participants could propose a solution based on quantum technology.These problems deal with issues such as optimising an aircrafts climb phase,applying quantum
176、technologies to CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics),applying quantum neural networks to solving partial differential equations,optimising the wing box design in a multidisciplinary way,and optimising the aircraft loading process.The challenge garnered over 1,000 participants from 70 countries,and rece
177、ived 36 solutions.This demonstrates the significant global interest in the initiative.The winner was announced in December 2020:Machine Learning Reply,an Italian company that came up with a brilliant proposal to solve the aircraft load optimisation problem.As a result of this challenge,Airbus and Ma
178、chine Learning Reply worked together during 2021 to jointly explore this proposal and analyse how these complex calculations could directly impact the airline business,maximising the amount of cargo carried by aircraft and minimising the costs associated with this transport.In pursuit of this goal,d
179、ifferent methods were studied,including those on quantum computers and employing quantum-inspired algorithms.Airbus is actively working with its partners to investigate the advantages of quantum technologies and their potential for practical use.In particular,in the field of quantum computing,we wor
180、k on use cases linked to Quantum Simulation(material behaviour simulations),Quantum Optimisation(fleet optimisation),Quantum Machine Learning(in data intelligence cases)and Quantum solvers(such as the aforementioned CFD).Institutional support for such initiatives is key to creating consortia that ca
181、n generate innovation at different levels,connecting supply and demand for quantum technologies,as well as helping to develop talent in such a new area.AMETIC serves as a platform for companies to connect with each other,specifically those involved in the supply and demand of quantum technologies.As
182、 an association,AMETIC maximises the visibility of quantum technology companies,provides an environment in which use cases can be shared and brings the common needs and interests of companies interested in quantum technologies to institutions.Jorge Antonio Bes Expert in Mass Properties-Physics of Fl
183、ight AIRBUS /90 Dr Ricardo Enrquez Leader of the Quantum Advisory Team.Repsol Quantum computing is experiencing a time of burgeoning expectations in different industrial sectors.By the end of this decade,we can anticipate the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers.In the meantime,we will ha
184、ve access to small-scale devices that lack error correction,but can still assist us in exploring applications within our industries and advancing our in-house capabilities.Experts estimate that some quantum benefits could be seen in devices implementing a few thousand qubits,which could happen withi
185、n two to three years.The next developments will progressively hybridise quantum and classical computing(typically supercomputing or high-performance computing),expanding capabilities by combining the best of each world.As far as the multi-energy industry is concerned,it stands to reason that this co
186、uld materialise in one way or another.In our industry,we can group the applications of quantum computing into three categories:Firstly,the optimisation problems that are ubiquitous in logistics,planning or controlling our assets.It is possible that in this category,quantum computing could provide be
187、nefits in the near future.This could be achieved through more accurate solutions to existing problems or by allowing the exploration of more intricate and higher-dimensional problems.Secondly,simulation problems:specifically in molecular design and chemistry in general in applications like catalyst
188、design or the capture and subsequent use of carbon dioxide.In this case,the advantage will be more in the medium term,as it is much more demanding in terms of computational capabilities.Thirdly,data-driven applications,such as machine learning,which is increasingly vital in customer-centric service
189、delivery.Quantum computing has much potential for application in this industry as well.However,the ambitious programmes for digitisation and AI applications have not yet been fully implemented,so it may be more appropriate in this case to observe the results of these implementation programmes,in ord
190、er to fine-tune the type of application in which to gain the much desired quantum advantage.In addition,quantum computing could result in a reduction of several orders of magnitude in the energy consumption used in computing itself,with associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.At Repsol,we
191、are starting on the quantum journey by linking two revolutions:the energy transition and the second quantum revolution.By creating a multidisciplinary Quantum Advisory Team with representation from different parts of the company,we are ensuring early adoption across the board.After appropriate inter
192、nal and external reflection and exploration exercises,our early adoption strategy has led us to leading the“Quantum Computing for a Sustainable Energy Industry”work package as part of the CUCO project(www.cuco.tech),funded by CDTI and with the participation of the most relevant research centres and
193、companies in the country.The current challenges are different.Handling technology development and learning times with a product-oriented culture,managing technology expectations and developing a sufficient technological approach to establish the most suitable strategic alliances.It is time for all o
194、f us to join forces and take advantage of Spains enormous quantum quarry.We must encourage civil quantum initiatives:popularisation of the technology,access to quantum computing infrastructures,dissemination and creation of specialised forums,professional training programmes at different levels,and
195、monitoring and promotion of funding programmes for quantum initiatives.Lets do this on a continuous and sustained basis.Lets make a quantum path.Dr Ricardo Enrquez Leader of the Quantum Advisory Team REPSOL /90 Alejandro Expsito Digital and Business Operations Director.MERCK In order to address the
196、impact of these quantum technologies,we differentiate between the Healthcare,Life Science and Electronics industries,as well as quantum technologies,sensorics,computing,without going into the communication or cryptography aspects.With regard to quantum sensing,the Life Sciences environment will bene
197、fit from new methods/sensors/materials for diagnostics,specifically sensors to detect weak electromagnetic signals or temperature differences with very high accuracy.In addition,the use of new imaging techniques,such as high-resolution live-tissue magnetoscopy,will complement our current understandi
198、ng and provide better diagnostics.New metamaterials or enhanced dyes for imaging are likely to be on the market soon;in this area,we already have applications for NV-diamonds.When it comes to Healthcare,the process of adopting these methods is a little slower in daily operations.We could see improve
199、d wearables(temperature/acceleration/motion sensors)to monitor patients with chronic diseases or use metamaterials to improve tissue imaging.These technologies will also be applied to pre-clinical research.In turn,the field of Electronics will produce new sensors and,at the same time,deploy all kind
200、s of solutions to improve their analysis as well as quality control at all stages of production.The biggest impact is likely to be on integrated optical components.What about quantum computing?Using quantum computing to simulate material properties is one field of application.Currently,we only have
201、initial proofs of concept.However,there is a shortage of suitable infrastructure to carry out significant calculations.There are algorithms that can calculate the fundamental states of primitive molecules,but the use of QC is not yet possible due to the limitations of HW.Specific algorithms that hav
202、e demonstrated theoretical mathematical(exponential)speed-up,e.g.quantum Fourier transform,period search,etc.,are not yet ready to be implemented on a significant scale.In order to resolve optimisation problems,we have experimental evidence that,for certain classes of problems,hybrid quantum compute
203、r models(either annealing or QAOA)could play a key role in the near future,as they are tackling problems that are currently difficult to solve due to their complexity on classical,knapsack computers with a high number of variables.Alejandro Expsito Digital and Business Operations Director MERCK /90
204、In the field of theoretical computational chemistry for drug design,there have been efforts to utilize a secondary category of optimizations.However,there seems to be a shortage of hardware maturity to yield significant outcomes.On the other hand,Quantum Machine Learning is a very interesting field
205、in the current“NISQ”era.Classical machine learning approaches are being supplemented and improved,and quantum features are being used to enhance machine learning.The main challenge again here is encoding data so that quantum algorithms can work with it.An emerging field of current research is evalua
206、ting a better“ansatz”for quantum optimisation.We could say that we can eventually tackle specific problems that produce better quality results compared to classical convolutional neural networks.Specific tailor-made solutions integrating HW control and specific chips are a promising way to explore q
207、uantum chemistry and material simulations on quantum hardware.On the other hand,however,the main challenge is that there is no incentive to encourage their use.Another barrier is the lack of trained professionals(quantum natives),and a solid understanding of the potential applications(what is needed
208、 and where)and the resulting market(who will pay for it),and of course,finding use cases.At the national level,Spain should commit to a plan for these technologies.In fact,ideally,there should be a single plan supported by all the Autonomous Regions.Part of the Next Generation funds and the plan for
209、 the recovery,transformation and resilience of the Spanish economy should be dedicated to these technologies.Mercks role in these technologies and talent development Within Merck,we have developed several projects in this area.To give a few examples,we developed algorithms for materials research in
210、NISQ;a phototoxicity simulation project;a BAIQO research project under the auspices of the German BMBF together with LMU Munich for quantum Bayesian networks;project sponsorships with TUM Munich for using quantum applications;projects with the German Ministry of Education and Research whereby we con
211、sult and play the role of a potential user of quantum batteries;and development as a supplier of specific material for quantum sensors/processors(e.g.pure isotopes for NV-diamond CVD production).Also noteworthy is the Quantum Computing Task Force(QCTF)initiative,which we launched a few years ago,as
212、a working group that explores and generates opportunities in the quantum computing environment for the pharma world.We know that one of the challenges facing our industry is to reduce drug development times,and we believe that one solution to expedite these processes may lie in quantum computing.Thi
213、s project is a great example of how,at Merck,we are committed to collaborating and creating alliances that allow us to promote these technologies and progress together.Another issue is people;there can never be enough talent.In fact,we are likely to be only a few years away from having true“quantum
214、natives”,who will learn to think in quantum terms from an early age.At Merck,we are committed to finding and retaining diverse talent,i.e.talent that has different ways and perspectives of approaching a given challenge,and here digital capabilities are,and will be,key for the future.Although it is t
215、rue that universities have achieved good progress in recent years and a high percentage of students are already familiar with the term“quantum”.To implement quantum projects,we are seeing an emerging community also in the field of quantum biology.It is now up to the industry to dare to find its way
216、into these communities.Currently,the field is more exploratory,and fundamental research is ongoing,which on the one hand is very attractive for pioneering,but at the same time in some cases not attractive enough to enter as a large corporation.On AMETICs role I believe that AMETIC is already doing a
217、 great job in promoting awareness and adoption of these technologies.Creating working groups and efforts to raise awareness of these technologies among partners are vital in order to drive this forward.Another focus for development that can be promoted by AMETIC is to encourage the search for use ca
218、ses in order to be able to apply these emerging technologies./90 Jaime Gmez Head of Architecture and Quantum at Crypto&Blockchain CoE.Santander Bank The impact of quantum technologies on the banking industry is twofold On the one hand,the threat posed by quantum computing to current public key crypt
219、ography has the potential to pose a risk to the confidentiality of information,the authentication of people and information sources,and to the usefulness of digital signatures.An example could be payment systems.As the BIS,the international authority in the field of payments,has said,quantum computi
220、ng may put the confidentiality and integrity of payment systems at risk.And given the long-term sensitivity of financial data,it is essential to address this risk well in advance.1.Various analyses set the window of impact for quantum computing on cryptography to 20302 and 20453.The risk to cryptogr
221、aphy must be addressed long before it materialises and must be dealt with conservatively.Therefore,it can be expected that,after the standardisation of post-quantum cryptography by NIST 4(2024)and the availability of commercial products adapted to these standards,a major transition activity will tak
222、e place and should be completed by the mid-2030s at the latest.In this regard,the US National Security Agency(NSA)has set 2035 as the target date for the complete abandonment of classical cryptography that is vulnerable to quantum computers.But more important than that,it has set 2025-2027 as the da
223、te by which post-quantum cryptography systems must be used by default for many applications 5.It is hopeful that the progress in quantum computing can enhance the optimisation of intricate calculations for vital banking processes like fraud detection,risk calculations,and portfolio optimisation.Thes
224、e improvements may mean an improvement in computing time,the ability to tackle more complex problems and a reduction in power consumption.We do not yet see clear,reliable information about when quantum computing will be useful on practical scales to solve real cases in the banking business.However,w
225、e see two main barriers to the practical adoption of quantum technologies:1.Lack of reliable information on when quantum computing will be useful for solving practical real-world production problems.2.The shortage of talent,partly due to the lack of specific training schemes.Regarding the first poin
226、t,we should bear in mind that quantum computers are a nascent technology,still in the early stages of development.At the same time,a vibrant innovation ecosystem is emerging around quantum computing.Some stakeholders in this ecosystem raise expectations that do not match reality,thus generating grea
227、t uncertainty.This situation Jaime Gmez Head of Architecture and Quantum&Blockchain CoE SANTANDER BANK /90 particularly negatively affects the adoption of quantum technologies for business purposes due to the difficulty of building reliable business cases.In this sense,assuming that self-regulation
228、of the industry,which avoids raising expectations to unrealistic levels,is unlikely,we believe that some kind of impartial mechanism would be useful to assess the real achievements of the new solutions to some of the most relevant problems.This type of mechanism would create confidence on the consum
229、er side in the value chain and the ability to plan for orderly adoption.As BCG states in its publication“The race to quantum advantage depends on benchmarking”6,we believe that a reliable validation model is essential for industrial adoption of quantum computing.In terms of talent generation,we note
230、 that many universities in Spain are developing specialised programmes in quantum technologies.It could be useful to encourage university-industry collaboration to make these programmes market-driven.From a national perspective,we note that several countries have specific quantum technology programm
231、es.In some cases,these are presented publicly by their top leaders(France and Germany).Public administrations can play a relevant role in ensuring the generation and retention of talent in Spain,favouring the pre-competitive collaboration of the various stakeholders and facilitating the mechanisms t
232、o eliminate the uncertainty discussed above.At Santander Bank,we are working on both of the impact dimensions discussed above.We are carrying out intensive awareness-raising and internal outreach work in both areas.In terms of the impact on cryptography,we are devising a transition strategy to secur
233、e cryptographic systems in the face of quantum computers.When it comes to applying these technologies to business problems,we are experimenting with some internal use cases that we consider relevant and likely to offer advantages in the short term.These activities are enabling us to deepen our under
234、standing of quantum technologies,as well as to identify and develop internal talent.It is indeed true that there is talent in quantum technologies as well as talent with knowledge of the real needs of the banking sector.However,it is currently very difficult to find profiles with a combination of bo
235、th skills.The main gap is the lack of talent that understands the possibilities of quantum technologies and,at the same time,the real needs of the banking business.It is common to find publications on the application of quantum technologies to the banking industry that adopt an overly academic appro
236、ach,which is far removed from the real problems.A collaborative approach is needed to combine the two approaches.AMETIC is doing a very valuable job in disseminating and creating meeting points for the different stakeholders involved in quantum technologies in Spain.It is an extraordinary facilitato
237、r for the connection between academia and supply and demand companies in a pre-competitive environment.It also represents Spanish industry in international forums,such as the Quantum Industry Consortium and the Strategic Advisory Board for the EU Quantum Flagship.The“Quantum Spain Report”is,in itsel
238、f,a useful guide to defining a broadly agreed national strategy.These actions are valuable and should be continued.This work could perhaps be enhanced by developing and promoting national use cases with early practical utility,which could be exportable as benchmarks for national capabilities in quan
239、tum technologies.The fact that AMETIC is bringing together supply and demand side companies can be useful in setting targets for real use cases and models for validation.1 https:/www.bis.org/press/p220617.htm 2 https:/eprint.iacr.org/2015/1075 3 Gartner-Taking the Quantum Leap Fact,Fiction or Fantas
240、y 4 https:/csrc.nist.gov/Projects/post-quantum-cryptography 5https:/media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/07/2003071834/-1/-1/0/CSA_CNSA_2.0_ALGORITHMS_.PDF 6 https:/ /90 scar Pallarols Global Commercial Director.Cellnex A unique opportunity to position ourselves in Quantum Communications The use of quantum te
241、chnologies for communications is gathering speed.And Europe does not want to lose this race in which Spain has sufficient credentials to play a relevant role.Although the maturation cycle of quantum computing still has a long way to go,the application of quantum technology in communications is alrea
242、dy a reality today.Artificial intelligence and new computing capabilities can solve encryption algorithms for encrypted content using mathematical logic.The barriers between computing power and the digital chain,which protects communications,have lowered,making this more affordable for hackers.At Ce
243、llnex,we prioritize the implementation of quantum communication technology to enhance data and communication line security and reliability,and to stay ahead of hacking models.Despite the complexity of quantum computing,quantum communication is remarkably simple.Our company has successfully taken par
244、t in the initial test of quantum cryptography utilizing our proprietary technology.This marks the first step towards the development of a future metropolitan network in Barcelona and the planned pan-European quantum communications infrastructure,known as EuroQCI.The ICFO(Institute of Photonic Scienc
245、es)has been instrumental in promoting this initiative.The pilot test was conducted on a point-to-point fibre-optic network over a distance of 30 kilometres,with quantum key generation boxes made by a Catalan start-up at each end.The test validated its efficiency in a series of programmed cyber attac
246、ks that set off alarm bells and validate the technology and the existence of an initial commercial product,although some of the barriers to adoption still need to be broken down.Between governments,companies and developers,we will have to define the basic principles for contracting,operating,billing
247、 or maintaining these services,which are a priori fundamental for financial companies,utilities,health institutions,governments and their institutions.Spain meets the requirements to become a benchmark for a quantum security ecosystem that will be indispensable.We have the solutions base developed b
248、y an exceptional group of scientists,so this can be transferred to the business market.We have world-class research and technology centres,from the aforementioned Institute of Photonic Sciences to one of the largest supercomputing centres in Europe,and our experts have been actively involved in the
249、European quantum strategy.scar Pallarols Global Commercial Director CELLNEX /90 Our network includes a diverse group of corporations engaged in telecommunications,telecommunications infrastructure,satellite operation,defense,aerospace,and communication industries.This broad network ensures a vast se
250、lection of quantum communication options.Our team includes experts across the entire value chain,and the government has established a program called Quantum Spain to support our efforts.Apart from aid and technological advancements,what we truly require are corporations that prioritise the future.Co
251、mpanies that are not solely focused on short-term profits,but are dedicated to building resilience and achieving long-term success.We also need to focus in order to choose projects that can really make a difference and enable high-level contributions,with efforts centred on a couple of large quantum
252、 rings in urban centres,for example.This is where support from business associations and interest groups is needed to convey the common interest to the authorities and to ensure Spains relevance as well as the optimisation of the technology and telecommunications ecosystem that we have been creating
253、 in recent years./90 Juan Antonio Relao Information Systems Manager.Bosch Spain “The new Doctor Strange movie comes out this weekend in the multiverse of madness”.My eldest son told me this yesterday.Hes a fan of the MARVEL saga and has heard me talk about quantum computing,so hes already planning t
254、o get me up to speed on the portal to the Marvel multiverse.Well,its not bad:2 hours of Action and Adventure.Many concepts of quantum computing appear in science fiction films today,with the majority of them being totally misleading as to the true capability of this technology.In most of the movies,
255、(Ive also had to watch Transformers)powerful quantum computers allow artificial intelligence technology to finally take off and we reach the Singularity.Perhaps this will happen in the not too distant future.Meanwhile,some of the most important applications of QC will be in the field of sensors.Bosc
256、h is a world leader in electromechanical sensors(MEMS).Quantum sensors will expand the field of application of current sensors,and we want to remain a world leader,so we will continue to invest in this field.QC will enable new products,services and improvements in engineering,logistics,production,et
257、c.At Bosch,we are running several Quantum Detection projects:A quantum magnetometer based on NV centres in diamond;we have created a start-up for this:https:/www.bosch- NMR-based quantum gyroscope using atomic gases In the case of Quantum Computing,we are also working on developing quality control a
258、lgorithms for different applications.However,there are significant barriers to adopting quantum computing:1.Finding applications for which there is a significant market in the medium term.2.Manufacturing QT-based products that are small and inexpensive.At present,most prototypes are large and unsuit
259、able for marketing.3.Apart from the usual barriers to adopting new technologies:finding funding for R&D for these new technologies or products/services.Many EU Member States already have specific funding programmes for QT.Juan Antonio Relao Information Systems Manager BOSCH SPAIN /90 Spain is very a
260、ctive in QT,also at the European level.We see this in the distribution of QuIC members by state.After Germany,Spain has the second largest number of QT companies that are QuIC members.A specific plan on quantum technologies in Spain should be established,with public administrations acting as facilit
261、ators of private initiatives.This type of plan should coordinate the different public administrations when it comes to financial aid,as well as addressing one of the major problems we are currently facing:the retention of Spanish talent that must go abroad due to lack of opportunities in Spain.Talen
262、t in QT is scarce,so education and training is a very important issue.What quantum machines will be able to achieve in the future remains to be seen,but there is no doubt that,without quantum theory,there would be no lasers,no semiconductors and no magnetic resonance imaging.We are now at the dawn o
263、f the age of quantum computing.Just in case,Im going to see the Doctor Strange movie.Not only to enjoy it with my son,but also because maybe Marvel knows something that we dont./90 Miguel Rodrguez Lead Data Scientist.Iberdrola The energy transition and the consequent decarbonisation of the economy i
264、s a key objective for all of us,and at Iberdrola,we have been working for years to make it a reality.Within this huge challenge,we believe that quantum technologies can play an important role in achieving our goals.The integration of new sources of renewable generation and energy storage,in a decent
265、ralised manner throughout the grid,represents a new paradigm of great complexity that has not been seen to date in the electricity grid.We believe that quantum computing can help us ensure proper management and optimisation of all these agents on a large scale in real time.Quantum simulation could a
266、lso bring relevant innovations to our area of business,speeding up the discovery of materials that have greater energy storage capacity or cleaner fuels,causing a direct impact on the reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.Our industry has highly critical assets.Quantum communications and
267、 post-quantum cryptographic schemes offer the promise of guaranteeing correct,secure operation,even if current encryption systems can be compromised.We believe that those who lead the way will have a clear competitive advantage,which is why,at Iberdrola,we have already launched various initiatives w
268、ith the aim of familiarising ourselves with the types of problems that these technologies can solve.For the time being,we have focused on optimisation problems for which we are encountering limitations with current computing technologies.Prior to launching these initiatives,we carried out extensive
269、market research,which has enabled us to become aware of the current state of the industry.Through this study,we have seen that hardware,although evolving rapidly,has not yet reached the required level of maturity,and needs hybrid solutions to solve problems in a robust way on a reasonable scale.Anot
270、her major barrier to adoption that has been identified is the shortage of talent in quantum technologies,meaning that the few profiles that do exist are snapped up by large technology companies.Companies demanding these technologies need hybrid profiles,who know the business and are capable of ident
271、ifying the problems to which quantum technologies can be applied and,within these,distinguishing which ones can be tackled in the short,medium and long term.Given that current training in quantum technologies is mainly concentrated on PhDs,producing these profiles happens on a very small scale and t
272、hey are very difficult to access for companies whose core business is not quantum technologies.For this reason,we believe that there is a Miguel Rodrguez Lead Data Scientist IBERDROLA /90 need to create other types of programmes that allow for people to be trained for these hybrid roles in quantum s
273、cience.However,we are aware that,in the short term,the main focus in terms of education will be to meet the high demand for these profiles by technology companies.As an alternative,we value the collaboration spaces that are being created at provincial or Autonomous Community level,such as Quantum Ec
274、osystem under the Provincial Council of Bizkaia,where companies within the consortium are put in touch with experts who can guide them when developing their strategies.However,in Spain,there is a lack of national coordination for all these initiatives.It is precisely when it comes to this aspect tha
275、t the role of Ametic can be fundamental,acting as a meeting point for the main stakeholders,increasing talent and,together with the government,kick-starting national projects that will drive the sector and promote the creation of an industrial fabric prepared for the quantum revolution that is just
276、beginning./90 Escolstico Snchez Quantum Discipline Leader.BBVA Quantum technologies,especially quantum computing and quantum communications,are having,at least theoretically,a completely transformational impact on the financial sector.These impacts are based on the ability of quantum computing to so
277、lve exponential problems with many dimensions or variables that cannot be solved today in a timely and adequate manner using classical computation.In terms of communications,these technologies will allow us to make communications much more secure,even knowing with a required probability in advance i
278、f someone is eavesdropping on our messages.These theoretical advances(Shors and Grovers algorithms,for example)require quantum computers with very large capacities.Thanks to advances in engineering that have made it possible to handle and control subatomic particles better than ever before,precisely
279、 those that we model governed by quantum laws,these theoretical impacts are getting closer and closer to also being both practical and real.Opinions differ as to when this moment of ground-breaking practical application may arrive,and it will depend above all on what kind of problem we are looking t
280、o solve by leveraging the advantage brought by the quantum approach over the classical approach.For some,it is less than 2 years away,for others over 10 years,but there is no doubt that the moment will come.In the field of computing,there are many industries working on finding use cases in their ind
281、ustry to solving problems by applying a quantum solution that is better in terms of time,cost or accuracy than the classical one,if these exist.Regarding communications,work is already underway to standardise new algorithms and protocols based on non-quantum problems relating to these types of secur
282、e information exchanges(post-quantum cryptography).Much progress has also been made in going one step further,and making the communication channels and protocols themselves quantum(quantum communications and cryptography).The barriers to completing that step are engineering barriers,depending on the
283、 type of underlying quantum hardware we are talking about(superconductors,trapped ions,photonics,etc.),and they are also talent barriers;the demand for quantum talent far exceeds the supply,comprising general degrees with a lot of mathematics,physics and computational component,but with little speci
284、alisation in quantum computing,which needs to be a very advanced mix of these three disciplines.At BBVA,with two of our values being to think big and put the customer first,after analysing the leading indicators for investment and patents in quantum technologies,we decided that it was necessary to i
285、nitiate a line of research in this area in 2018,as part of our aim to be at the forefront of technology to ensure our customers can make the most of the opportunities brought by this new quantum era.Following the phases in the scientific method,we first collect data from our business areas.We have b
286、een looking for problems whose solution is a candidate for quantum advantage in asset management,risk management,corporate and investment banking without focusing on hardware,since it is not our speciality and we do not know which underlying technology will be the winner(quantum annealers,on the one
287、 hand,and quantum Escolstico Snchez Quantum Discipline Leader BBVA /90 circuits based on superconductors,trapped ions or photonics,on the other),but always keeping an eye on this,since its evolution is fundamental for discovering the advantage.To all these potential problems,we apply the filters of
288、business and customer impact,as well as the technical feasibility of solutions,in order to move on to the second stage of the scientific method,formulating hypotheses.In this second phase,our hypothesis was that we could find this advantage in the fields of optimisation(of portfolios,processes,etc.)
289、and simulating variables(to value complex derivatives,simulating the underlying assets,by averaging the values of the derivative,or,if we take percentiles,to evaluate risks).Finally,in the third phase of the method,we test these hypotheses through several proofs of concept.We repeated these tests by
290、 diversifying both in terms of hardware and vendors,which is consistent with our approach of not focusing on the underlying technology.As a result,we believe that quantum optimisation is very close to having an advantage over classical optimisation,while for the advantage in variable simulation,we n
291、eed lower hardware error rates,which seems to be coming along at a very fast pace.As a last stop on our exploration of these quantum technologies,since 2021,we have been immersed in a project(CUCO)in consortium with six other Spanish companies,which are leaders in their sectors,to investigate the im
292、pact of quantum in each of our industries.This project exemplifies how public funds can bolster technological and scientific advancement in Spain.It receives partial subsidization from the CDTI through its Missions 2021 program,supported by NextGenerationEU funds.The advancement has led to an increa
293、se in job opportunities in the scientific field,fostering partnerships with public research institutions and promoting the spread of findings.This is especially crucial during the early stages of a pioneering technological breakthrough,where cooperation is more valuable than rivalry./90 Jaume Sanper
294、a CEO and Founder.Sateliot We cannot be left behind in the quantum revolution The development of quantum technologies has great potential for growth and is a race in which Spanish companies,SMEs,and start-ups can and should play a crucial role in the ecosystem of those interested.If we succeed in cr
295、eating a strong industry in this field,we will be at the forefront of a technology that opens many doors to other disciplines and will undoubtedly be one of the main drivers of research and applied science in various fields.In the case of Sateliot,this is an industry that we are obviously looking at
296、.And we are doing so because of a basic fact that puts us at the centre of that interest.The distribution of quantum keys can only be done via satellite,as it is impossible to send them for cryptographic purposes over fibre optics more than 100 kilometres away.This opens up a field of research and d
297、evelopment in which we may launch a product in the not too distant future.At present,we do not expect quantum to have an impact on the satellite industry,but given the necessary conditions and investments,this may change within a time horizon of no more than three years.For this to happen,a number o
298、f circumstances must occur.The first of these has to do with the strongest barrier to entry we face right now,technology.This concerns both the quantum principle itself and its application in the satellite universe.Therefore,the first step is to realise both technologies and to know how to combine t
299、hem,which will not be easy.Progress in this area depends on a number of factors.The first of these is the talent and capacity of Spanish researchers.And we certainly have that.In fact,Spain is home to one of the laboratories that annually tops the world ranking when it comes to quantum technologies.
300、This is the ICFO,the Institute of Photonic Sciences,which is part of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC).However,for this laboratory and other researchers in Spain to make substantial advances in the quantum world,it is essential that public administrations work in two directions.On the one
301、 hand,by devising a specific plan on quantum technologies,and on the other hand,by supporting private initiatives to jointly develop a national quantum industry.The best way to make this last point effective would be through innovative public procurement.It would be incredibly beneficial if public a
302、dministrations were committed to utilizing a quantum constellation for secure data encryption.This would greatly facilitate the financing of a business plan for its development by companies.Spain is already taking some steps to make its way into this new world.The two plans with which the Government
303、 of Spain intends to promote these technologies are the starting point on a long and difficult road ahead.The PERTE(Strategic Project for Economic Recovery and Transformation)on microelectronics and semiconductors and the Complementary Quantum Communication Plan to reinforce cybersecurity through RD
304、&I are two important instruments for breaking new ground.The first foresees an investment of 1.165 billion over the period from 2022 to 2027 to develop quantum chips.The second is more modest in terms of the amounts to be spent,as it only has a budget of 74 million,of which the Government of Spain w
305、ill contribute 54 million,and the rest will be provided by the Autonomous Communities.This also presents a problem in that it only considers quantum technologies for satellites in geostationary orbits and not for those in low altitude orbits.The question is why is it limited to GEOs?We should open u
306、p that range so that it would be possible to use these aids in any of the current satellite technologies.Let us not limit the solution before we know what the best option is.Jaume Sanpera CEO and Founder SATELIOT /90 In the EU,we have just over 1 billion to fund projects in quantum computing and qua
307、ntum communication.Sateliot is participating in one of them,called Quango,a 2.1 million secure information exchange scheme for banks,security agencies and governments worldwide.These are significant sums that pale in comparison,however,to what both China and the United States are investing in order
308、to lead this field.China has already spent 10 billion and is set to increase this investment by 7%year-on-year.The United States do not want to be left behind and have a budget of$29 billion to invest in quantum computing during the period from 2022 to 2026.As we can see,the quantum race is on and t
309、he winner will get a big prize.If Spain and Europe do not press on,they will be left out of future applications,including satellite.We must all push forward with this:companies,universities,research centres,AMETIC,the Government of Spain and the EU,in order to be the protagonists of the so-called qu
310、antum revolution./90 Koldo Urabain Information Officer.Mercedes-Benz Spain When it comes to industry in general,but more so to the automotive industry,incorporating new technologies and innovations in our processes and products is part of our DNA.For years now,quantum computing has been observed fro
311、m afar,primarily associated with the realms of research,academia,and science,rather than with industry.Lately,however,the industry has been showing significant interest in emerging quantum technology disciplines.So,when this year(with the help of I3B Innovation Institute and Aitor Moreno Fernndez de
312、 Leceta)Mercedes-Benz Spain was offered the opportunity to participate in a project to apply quantum computing to an industrial environment,our response was a resounding,“of course,lets do it”.To put it very simply,we are talking about having a computational capacity that surpass the limitations of
313、conventional computing.We can compare it to the difference between traditional physics and quantum physics.In industry,traditional limits are sufficient for many or almost all processes.And for those that require more computational capacity,we look for ways to execute them with the current capacity,
314、simplifying them through programming and imaginative solutions.We all use data centres,edge data centres and cloud capabilities,but using a quantum computer is currently not part of a companys or an industrial consortiums normal portfolio.This last point has also meant that solutions originally desi
315、gned from the outset for a quantum computing environment have not been developed.Therefore,the fact that we have the chance to use a quantum computer to develop a proof of concept and test this technology for our manufacturing processes is a great opportunity that we cannot afford to miss.We are awa
316、re that quantum computing will soon have an impact on all digital industrial processes,and Mercedes-Benz,given its innovative DNA,cannot allow itself to be a mere spectator to this change.In our case,we have chosen the process for calculating the mountability of a car,taking into account that the va
317、riability of our products is gigantic.I will try to explain this in a little more detail so that the complexity we are dealing with can be understood:Koldo Urabain Information Officer MERCEDES-BENZ SPAIN /90 Based on the order placed according to the configurations chosen by a customer,we calculate
318、the list of materials we need to be able to assemble it.This is like a kind of Meccano with over 4,000 pieces.But not only do we handle a large number of parts to be assembled,we also have to take into account possible constructive modifications,possible modification notices to parts,rare or less fr
319、equently requested configurations.In short,we handle thousands and thousands of possible vehicle variants.And our aim is to be able to calculate and confirm that a van will be assembled without any surprises before starting the logistical and production process.Obviously,we have highly optimised too
320、ls to ensure this process works well.But we think it could be a good option for testing the capabilities of quantum computing and comparing its results with the current ones.In Spain,we are fortunate to have talented innovation centres that are working on spreading the word about quantum computing a
321、nd how it can help us with our business processes.In this field,innovative initiatives promoted by public administrations are always welcome.We are an enterprising,innovative society,we have many trained professionals and we know that our public administrations are also aligned with making Spain a l
322、eading technological country./90 /90 Quantum Ethics More than ever,todays society is aware of the importance of ethics.Psychological safety and sustainability are part of the initiatives being pursued by societies all over the world.In this context,companies cannot see ethics as an extra,as a nice-t
323、o-have:ethics are the basis of any long-term sustainable,profitable business.Indeed,those that do not put strong ethical principles at the core of all their activities will eventually disappear.Enron1 or Lehman Brothers2 are two paradigmatic examples.The latest technological revolution,artificial in
324、telligence,has shown us that disruptive technologies are particularly susceptible to being affected by ethical issues.On the one hand,they have brought us incredible benefits,such as providing assistance to people with functional diversity or searching for biases in different areas of HR in companie
325、s.However,they have also had unintended consequences,such as this Facebook3case,which had major repercussions.Quantum technologies are rapidly evolving,and their immense impact and expected transformative power deserve to be described as breakthrough technologies.It is important to achieve“quantum a
326、wareness”in order to properly identify potential risks and establish a framework of ethical and legal sensitivity to support the development of such technologies.Of the different quantum technologies,quantum computing is undoubtedly the one that generates the most media attention and is expected to
327、have the greatest impact on many future applications and in terms of the boost it can give to current technologies,such as AI.Some even speak of super artificial intelligence and autonomous artificial beings.We do not know how long and what the final impact will be,but even if only half of what we c
328、an imagine can be realised,the need for responsible social control seems a necessity that we should not delay.In this sense,and in connection with AI,we are not starting from scratch.Different academic and governmental institutions have conducted research and proposals in the area of AI ethics.And,i
329、n the case at hand,this could well be the elements on which to base the foundations of quantum ethics.The principles that should guide the ethical framework,and that should nurture the legal and regulatory system,include values such as Freedom,Justice,Dignity,Security,Sustainability,Privacy,Trust,Eq
330、ual Access and Net Neutrality.In the case of quantum technologies,we cannot wait and make the same mistakes;we have to be ahead of the curve.There is therefore an urgent need to define an ethical framework for quantum technologies,which will provide us with tools to prevent potential problems and he
331、lp to maximise their development for the benefit of society as a whole.Different organisations have already started to develop ethical frameworks,both globally in science and technology,such as UNESCOs World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology(COMEST)4,and focused on quan
332、tum technologies,such as the World Economic Forums report on Quantum Computing Governance Principles5.An interesting compilation of guiding principles and identified risks can be found in this article6.The guiding principles include respect for human rights in relation to machines,respect for human
333、autonomy and freedom,implementing technological developments in quantum technology and its synergies with other technologies according to ethical standards and universal moral values with cultural sensitivity,taking into account the /90 aforementioned values,applying quantum technology while ensuring the safety and integrity of people,guaranteeing these aspects through standards,audits and certifi