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1、1|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Virtual ConferenceSeptember 28-29,2021Fibre Channel,Whats Old is New Again,128GFC and Beyond2|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Todays SpeakersCraig W.CarlsonFCIA Board Member(Emeritus)Storage and Networking ArchitectAMDRupin MohanFCIA Board MemberStrategy,Product Develop
2、ment,CTOHPE3|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.About the FCIA“The Fibre Channel Industry Association(FCIA)is a mutual benefit,non-profit,international organization of manufacturers,system integrators,developers,vendors,industry professionals,and end users.”4|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.About the Fibre
3、 Channel Industry Association(FCIA)25+Years Promoting Fibre Channel Technology160M FC Ports Shipped Since 2001 Industry Leading Member Companies5|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.AgendaFibre Channel milestonesFibre channel terminology and nomenclature overview128GFC standard FC-PI-8(physical)128GFC sta
4、ndard FC-FS-6(framing and signaling)Optical transceivers used in 128GFCProtocol changes required for 128GFC implementationFuture roadmap56|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Fibre Channel:Timeline1988:Work beginson FC protocol1997:1Gb FC2001:2Gb FC2005:4Gb FC2008:8Gb FC2012:16GFC2009:FCOEArbitratedLoopFa
5、bricServicesVirtualizationNPIVConvergedNetworksNVMe Fabrics Fibre Channel2016:Gen632GFC1999:FCIA Formed2021:Gen7 64GFCAutonomous SANs2023:Gen8 128GFC7|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Fibre Channel Standards A short tour through the acronym soup that are Fibre Channel standards.The Fibre channel standa
6、rds focused on in this presentation are:Physical:Fibre-Channel-Physical-Interface,aka FC-PI Protocol:Fibre-Channel-Framing-Signaling,aka FC-FS A number is appended to the acronym to represent the speed contained in the standard,FC-PI-9 represents 256GFC.7DocumentRepresentsFC-PI1GFC2GFCFC-PI-24GFCFC-
7、PI-48GFCFC-PI-516GFCFC-PI-6FC-PI-6P32GFC128GFC(parallel)FC-PI-7FC-PI-7P64GFC256GFC(parallel)FC-PI-8128GFCFC-PI-9256GFC8|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.FC-PI-8 Starting Requirements 128GFC had to be backward compatible to 64GFC and 32GFC.Backward compatibility and“plug and play”to utilize existing inf
8、rastructure with new speeds is always a must have for FC development.Existing cable assemblies must plug into 128GFC capable products LC(connector)and SFP+(form factor)Reach goals 100 meters for multi-mode short reach optical variant using OM4/OM5 cable plantsOM4 optical fibre has a higher optical b
9、andwidth than OM3 fibre which leads to longer reach at a given speed.10KM for single mode optical variant Electrical variant for backplane applications 128GFC doubles the throughput of 64GFC Corrected bit-error-rate(BER)target of 1e-1589|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.INCITS T11 128GFC Standard Miles
10、tone2023 INCITS T11 completes FC-PI-8 128 GFC single lane specification2023 INCITS T11 completes FC-FS-6 128 GFC single lane framing and signaling specification2023 INCITS T11 approves FC-PI-9 project 256 GFC single lane specification Committee work started December 202210|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reser
11、ved.Fibre Channel Variants in FC-PI-8SM OS2 128GFC-LW 1300nm 0.5 m-10km sub-clause 5.4SM OS2 128GFC-LI 1300nm 0.5 m-2km sub-clause 5.4MM 50m OM3 128GFC-SW 850nm 0.5 m-60m sub-clause 5.5 MM 50m OM4,OM5 128GFC-SW 850nm 0.5 m-100m sub-clause 5.5 Backplane 128GFC-EA clause 71011|2023 SNIA.All Rights Res
12、erved.Signaling Rate AbbreviationsAbbreviation Signaling rate Number of Lanes Data rate1GFC 1.0625 MBd 1 (NRZ)100 MB/s2GFC 2.125 MBd 1 (NRZ)200 MB/s4GFC 4.250 MBd 1 (NRZ)400 MB/s8GFC 8.500 MBd 1 (NRZ)800 MB/s16GFC 14.025 MBd 1 (NRZ)1600 MB/s32GFC 28.050 MBd 1 (NRZ)3200 MB/s64GFC 28.900 MBd 1 (PAM4)6
13、400 MB/s128GFC 56.1 MBd 1 (PAM4)12425 MB/s 256GFC 112.200 MBd 1 (PAM4)24850 MB/s11MB/s=Megabytes per secondMBd=Megabaud per second12|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Modulation for 128GFCModulation refers to the signal levels that are on the“wire”(physical interface)whether optical or electrical The op
14、tical and electrical encoding and“wire”rate are the same128GFC uses PAM4 modulation and is 112.2Gbps(56.1Gb)64GFC also uses PAM4 modulation and is 57.8Gbps(28.9Gb)For 64GFC studies by the Fibre Channel committee and other committees determined that moving to PAM4 modulation would be“easier”from a co
15、mponent and IP perspective than staying with the NRZ/PAM2 modulation and doubling the“wire”rate to 57.8Gb.32GFC has a NRZ/PAM2 line rate of 28.05Gb.1213|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Each PAM4 Signal Level Corresponds to a Two-bit Symbol13As serial data rates surpass 32Gb/s per channel,signal impair
16、ments caused by increasing bandwidth necessitate the high-speed serial data technology to shift from simple NRZ(non-return to zero PAM2)signal modulation to the bandwidth efficient PAM4(4-level pulse amplitude modulation).14|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Optical Transceivers for 128GFC Optical trans
17、ceivers used for both short reach(multi-mode)and long reach(single mode)utilize PAM4 signaling on the optical cable Electrical signal presented to the optical transceiver is PAM4 encoded also Optical transceiver transmits on the optical cable using PAM4;no modulation conversion needed in the optical
18、 transceiver The optical transceiver has a clock and data recovery circuit(CDR)in the module on both the transmit and receive path CDR resets the jitter budget at each optical transceiver;needed to close the link budget for the end to end link1415|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.-128GFC PAM4 electrica
19、l I/O,PAM4 optical I/O(host FEC)-Tri-rate 128GFC/64GFC/32GFC SFP112 capability-Retimer Technology-Standard Diagnostics per SFF-8472-CMIS support128GFC SR,FR,LR SFP112 Form Factor15128GFC variants 128GFC-SW(100 meter reach MM)128GFC-LI(2KM reach SM)128GFC-LW(10KM reach SM)SFP112 Form Factor16|2023 SN
20、IA.All Rights Reserved.Fibre Channel Link The diagram below represents a simple Fibre Channel link.The link budget analysis looks at all the electrical and optical impairments end to end to determine if a transmitted signal can be received with a bit error rate below the minimum required.1617|2023 S
21、NIA.All Rights Reserved.BER per Link Location/SegmentLocationDescriptionBER segementBER cumlativeAInput signal00BHost Tx to Module electrical link1.09x10-5COptical Link1.09x10-4DModule to Host Rx electrical link1.09x10-5ECumulative uncorrected BER for A-E1.31x10-4FFinal FEC BER for A-F1.0 x10-151718
22、|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Forward Error Correction for 128GFC Forward Error Correction(FEC)is mandatory for all types of 128GFC links How it works The transmitter encodes the data stream in a redundant way using an error correcting code 128GFC uses a block code called Reed Solomon.The particula
23、r code used for 128GFC is RS(544,514)This particular code allows correction of single bit errors or burst errors for 15 ten bit symbols out of 5140 bits sent 128GFC uses terms such as uncorrected BER which is the minimum BER to be expected pre-FEC encoding/decoding Uncorrected BER is in the 1e-04 ra
24、nge or lower for 128GFC FEC corrected BER is in the 1e-15 range or lower for 128GFC These numbers help identify the usefulness of FEC in making 128GFC links robust 18Forward Error Correction(FEC)A set of algorithms that perform corrections that allow for recovery of one or more bit errors-SNIA Dicti
25、onary19|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Forward Error Correction for 128GFC FEC has been used in previous FC variants 64GFC had mandatory RS(544,514)FEC 32GFC had mandatory RS(528,514)FEC 16GFC had optional(2112,2080)FEC which was primarily used for copper variants The small baud rate increase for 64G
26、FC(28.9Gb PAM4)versus 32GFC(28.05Gb PAM2)can be explained by the more powerful FEC used for 64GFC The extra parity bits needed for the 32GFC RS(528,514)came from transcoding the 64/66 bit stream using a 256/257 transcoder.This allowed gaining 140 parity bits without increasing the baud rate For 64GF
27、C RS(544,514)is used and an additional 160 parity bits are needed and the only way to get the parity bits is to run at a slightly higher baud rate of 3.03%,i.e.28.9Gb versus 28.05Gb The FEC from 128GFC to 64GFC was unchanged so no additional changes to baud rate were required1920|2023 SNIA.All Right
28、s Reserved.128GFC Speed Negotiation Fibre Channel link bring up phases,Link Speed Negotiation-Optical Module bringup-Transmitter Training-Mission Mode Typical devices support three speeds 32/64/128 LSN baud rate 32G(28.05Gb)NRZ advertise supported speeds in Extended Marker(32G,64G,128G)IEEE Clause 7
29、2 Training Signal The control and status frames are exchanged between link partners using Differential Manchester Encoding(DME)The DME run at 1/8 of the nominal signaling rate The DME coding runs at a lower signaling rate so that there is a high probability that the training control and status frame
30、s can be exchanged error free2021|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.128GFC Speed NegotiationTraining Signal negotiates capabilities between transmitter and receiveradvertise supported speeds via Extended Marker fieldFEC type for 128GFEC transmission mode(interleaved vs single,symbol forward vs bit inter
31、leave)Speed Negotiation(SN)field0=LSN finished1=LSN in progress2122|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.128GFC Transmit Training After Optical Module has indicated CDR lock,transition to Transmitter Training Negotiates capabilities between transmitter and receiver Transmitter equalizer coefficients Receiv
32、er adaptive equalization FEC support FEC is optional for 16G FEC is mandatory for 32G/64G/128G Training algorithms derived from IEEE 802.3-2018 Clause 72(16G and 32G)802.3cd Clause 136(64G)802.3ck Clause 162(128G)2223|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.256GFC FC-PI-9 Planned Requirements FC-PI-9 is an ap
33、proved project at INCITS Backward compatible to 128GFC and 64GFC Same external connectors as 128/64GFC Existing cable assemblies will work with 256GFC Multi-mode cable plant reach is 100 meters on OM4/OM5 Single mode cable plant reach of 10KM 256GFC links should double the throughput in MB/sec of 12
34、8GFC links Corrected BER target of 1e-152324|2023 SNIA.All Rights Reserved.Fibre Channel Speeds24Product NamingThroughput(Mbytes/s)*Line Rate(Gbaud)T11 Specification Technically Complete(Year)Market Availability(Year)8GFC1,6008.5 NRZ2006200816GFC3,20014.025 NRZ2009201132GFC6,40028.05 NRZ2013201664GF
35、C12,80028.9 PAM-420172020128GFC24,85056.1 PAM-420222024256GFC49,700112.2 PAM-42025Market Demand512GFCTBDTBD2029Market Demand1TFCTBDTBD2033Market Demand“FC”used throughout all applications for Fibre Channel infrastructure and devices,including edge and ISL interconnects.Each speed maintains backward
36、compatibility at least two previous generations(I.e.,32GFC backward compatible to 16GFC and 8GFC)*These numbers are representative throughput values for the line rate and are payload dependent Dates:Future dates estimated25|2021 Storage Developer Conference.Insert Company Name Here.All Rights Reserved.Thank You