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1、WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 1 WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISM AN OVERVIEW AND ACTION FRAMEWORK TO REDUCE FRESHWATER USE AND BUILD WATER RESILIENCEDecember 2023WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 2This report was prepared by WTTC in collabora
2、tion with Accenture.FOREWORDEXECUTIVE SUMMARYPURPOSE OF THE REPORTKEY INSIGHTSCONTEXTWATER-A SCARCE YET VITAL RESOURCEROLE OF THE TRAVEL&TOURISM SECTORWATER USE IN TRAVEL&TOURISMMETHODOLOGYGLOBAL FINDINGSREGIONAL AND COUNTRY-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCESWATER-RELATED RISKS FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWHY RESILIENCE MA
3、TTERS IN TRAVEL&TOURISMWATER-RELATED RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURETRAVEL&TOURISM VALUE CHAIN PERSPECTIVEHOW TO REDUCE THE WATER FOOTPRINT AND ENHANCE WATER RESILIENCEEXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE IN THE TRAVEL&TOURISM SECTORWATER MANAGEMENT ACTION FRAMEWORKHOW DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES CAN HELPCONCLUSION AND A
4、CALL TO ACTIONCONCLUSIONCALL TO ACTIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ENDNOTESAPPENDIX A-METHODOLOGICAL OUTLINE APPENDIX B-ADDITIONAL RESOURCESAPPENDIX C-GLOSSARY3465404850CONTENTSWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 3While the role of water in sustaining life and supporting econ
5、omies is undeniable,the current trends exacerbated by the impacts of climate change demand collective efforts to recognise its true value and ensure the sustainable and equitable use of freshwater resources across industries and geographies.Today,more than ever,we need leaders who are driven by a pr
6、ofound sense of purpose that goes beyond profit margins and have a vision for a regenerative future.The Travel&Tourism(T&T)sector,owing to its unique characteristics,plays a pivotal role in fostering connectivity and driving economic progress worldwide.It is also strategically positioned to have a s
7、ubstantial impact on human health and wellbeing,as well as the integrity of ecosystems.The World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC),in collaboration with Accenture,joined forces to provide data,share best practices and apply proven methodologies to address water challenges and inspire the journey ahead.Th
8、e Water Roadmap builds on the work of practitioners,researchers and water advocates dedicated to drawing global attention to the urgency of adopting sustainable water practices.It highlights the transformative power of data and technology to drive collaboration and informed decision-making.It also p
9、rovides Travel&Tourism businesses with guidance and tools needed to set water targets and navigate their way towards long-term sustainability and resilience.As water-related challenges continue to gain momentum,as evidenced by the success of the UN 2023 Water Conference and a growing interest from t
10、he investor community,we are committed to providing further insights and solutions to foster a sense of shared responsibility for water resources within and beyond the Travel&Tourism sector.Julia Simpson President and CEO,World Travel&Tourism CouncilDr.Jesko Neuenburg Managing Director&Global Travel
11、 Sustainability Lead,AccentureFOREWORDWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 4PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to emphasise waterI scarcity and resilience as two significant global challenges and to highlight the role the Travel&Tourism sector can play in res
12、ponding to the water crisis.Specifically,the report aims to:1.Provide insights into the Travel&Tourism sectors global water use and highlight regional and country-specific differences.2.Summarise water-related risks and underline the necessity of strengthening the resilience and adaptative capacity
13、of the Travel&Tourism sector.3.Offer guidance to Travel&Tourism businesses on reducing their water footprint and building resilience to water-related risks.4.Issue a call to action to Travel&Tourism businesses to set water targets,allocate resources for water-related initiatives,foster collaboration
14、,and report progress.5.Underline the role of key partners,including governments,regulators,water management agencies and basin authorities,in encouraging and facilitating water-related collective action on a global and local scale.KEY INSIGHTS The Travel&Tourism sector which accounted for 1 in 10 jo
15、bs globally,10.4%of global GDP and 8.1%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in 2019 uses between 3.5 and 5.8%of global available freshwater,which is lower than many other industries.In contrast,the agriculture and food industry accounts for nearly 70%of global freshwater usage1.Despite the Travel&
16、Tourism sectors relatively low freshwater use,it remains heavily dependent on water and related ecosystems,and water scarcity or poor quality can significantly harm the customer experience and pose a threat to the viability of tourism destinations.It is therefore imperative for Travel&Tourism busine
17、sses to prioritise water,particularly in areas of high water stress,for several reasons:High dependency on water(quality and access)and vulnerability to water-related risks,Local community impact,including improved access to water and sanitation,resulting in enhanced health,Reputation and stakeholde
18、r expectations to increase transparency and accountability for water,Potential to influence positive change and drive water excellence along supply chains and water basins,Long-term business value,resilience,and sustainability.Addressing the global water crisis requires balancing trade-offs related
19、to various water uses.This involves implementing local,participatory,and resource-based approaches that align with broader UN Sustainable Development Goals,such as promoting health and food security,eradicating poverty,and protecting and restoring ecosystems.The focus should extend beyond conserving
20、 freshwater resources to also encompass sustainable wastewater management,unlocking the potential for the generation of new jobs and revenue streams.2I This report focuses on freshwater use in the Travel&Tourism sector.The terms“freshwater”and“water”are being used interchangeably.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWA
21、TER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 5While the water demand from the Travel&Tourism sector tends to be concentrated in specific locations and seasons,it can exert significant pressure on local water resources,e.g.,in highly water-stressed regions during the dry season3 or in s
22、ki resort areas reliant on snowmaking.4 At the same time,Travel&Tourism businesses hold the capacity to inspire a circular and regenerative shift,which is essential to reduce their vulnerability and make a positive contribution to the overall health and integrity of the complex system within which t
23、hey operate.Even though boardrooms do not yet fully recognise the urgency of the water crisis,the increase in extreme weather events and climate change uncertainty underline the importance for Travel&Tourism businesses to proactively navigate multi-faceted risk dynamics.Considering that highly stres
24、sed water basins often exist in proximity to higher population densities,5 it is also imperative to underscore Water,Sanitation,and Hygiene(WASH)initiatives.Finally,recognising that food and agriculture account for nearly three-quarters of the entire Travel&Tourism sectors water use,further investig
25、ation is needed to identify the most effective approaches to reduce the sectors overall water intensity.WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 6WATER A SCARCE YET VITAL RESOURCE The true value of waterWater,a vital natural resource,sustains life on Earth through the hydrologic
26、cycle,powered by energy from the sun.It allows ecosystem services and functions,plays a significant role in regulating the climate,and supports various human activities.Although global water resources are ample,only 2.5%of the supply is freshwater(suitable for drinking,growing crops,etc).The majorit
27、y of this freshwater is locked up in glaciers,ice caps,and ice sheets,or sequestered deep underground,leaving less than 1%readily available for human use.Therefore,the true value of water,including wastewater,is often overlooked and its importance is not adequately recognised due to a lack of proper
28、 policies,pricing,and incentives.6 In fact,the latest report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF)has estimated that freshwater economic value reached$54 trillion in 2021(i.e.,60%of global GDP).7Urgency of the global water crisisGrowing water scarcity has become one of the most pressing challenges for s
29、ustainable development due to decades of inadequate management,underinvestment,insufficient transboundary collaboration,and deterioration of water-dependent ecosystems.8 Estimates show that with current practices,the world is projected to face a 40%shortfall between forecasted demand and available s
30、upply of water by 2030,9 leading to increased global competition for water,escalating tensions and exacerbating social inequalities.Water-Energy-Food NexusAlthough“water footprint“and“carbon footprint“refer to different environmental impacts,they are related in several ways.Many carbon-intensive act
31、ivities,such as power generation,agriculture,and industrial processes require significant water use(Figure 1).Some low carbon solutions,such as carbon capture and storage(CCS)and nuclear power are also relatively water-intensive.10 At the same time,energy-intensive processes associated with water su
32、pply,conveyance,and treatment contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.As an illustration,the island of Aruba,due to a lack of its own freshwater sources,heavily relies on desalination plants leading to a substantial carbon footprint,as well as risks to marine life caused by brine disposal.11CONTE
33、XT“As humanitys most precious global common good,water unites us all.That is why water needs to be at the centre of the global political agenda”.-UN Secretary-General Antnio GuterresWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 7Figure 1:Carbon emissions and water links examples Sourc
34、es:WRI-World Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2019|Valuing Water,United Nations(2021)|IPCC Climate Change 2022:Mitigation of Climate Change report (p.643)Notes:Carbon emissions allocation percentages are based on greenhouse gas emissions reported in CO2 equivalents|Water represents freshwater use.The dis
35、ruption of precipitation patterns and the water cycle caused by increasing temperatures is intensifying both water scarcity and water-related hazards,such as floods and droughts,leading to emergencies in various water-dependent sectors.While agriculture already accounts for over two-thirds of global
36、 water use,the increase in income has resulted in a higher demand for water-intensive animal products,such as meat and dairy.12 This trend poses a considerable challenge to water resources worldwide.Consequently,it has become increasingly important to understand the so-called“Water-Energy-Food Nexus
37、”,13 in order to tackle the multifaceted challenges and trade-offs related to sustainable and equitable allocation of water resources across industries and regions.The global water action agendaIn 2010,the UN General Assembly officially recognised the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanit
38、ation as a fundamental human right,14 which has led to increased advocacy and efforts to address water and sanitation challenges globally.Ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all(SDG 6),has been listed as one of the 17 goals that provide a comprehensive framew
39、ork underpinning the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development15 adopted in 2015 by all UN Member States.SDG 6 comprises specific targets emphasising equitable access to clean water and sanitation,addressing water pollution,promoting sustainable management of water resources,protecting and restoring w
40、ater-related ecosystems and fostering collaboration(see Figure 2).16 In addition,SDG 11.5 and SDG 13.1 underscore the need for strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity to extreme water-related weather events,which has become highly relevant,considering that nine out of ten natural disasters ar
41、e water-related.172.2 BILLION4.2 BILLION3 BILLIONPeople do not have access to safely managed drinking waterPeople do not have access to safe sanitation servicesOver 1000 children die every day from diseases linked to unsafe water,sanitation and hygiene.People lack basic handwashing facilitiesSource:
42、UNICEF,WHOSource:UNICEFCARBONWATER69%19%12%76%EnergyIndustry&EnergyMunicpal12%AgricultureAgriculture6%Industry3%Land Use change&Forestry3%WasteLow carbon solutions such as.Water availability&supply solutions such as.Carbon capture and storage can increase water withdrawals from 25%to 200%Destination
43、 requires 23x more energy than conventional water sourcesWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 8Figure 2:SDG 6 and associated water challengesSDG 6 Clean Water and SanitationWater ChallengesWater,Sanitation,and Hygiene(SDG 6.1 and SDG 6.2)People and communities lack sufficient
44、 access to safe and affordable drinking water,sanitation,and hygiene.Water Quality(SDG 6.3)Water that presents health threats to humans and/or ecosystems.Water that is unfit for its intended use due to quality impairments.Water Quantity(SDG 6.4)Demand(human and environmental)for water exceeds the av
45、ailable supply indicating water resources are out of balance.Water Governance(SDG 6.5)The political,social,economic,and administrative systems which affect the use,development and management of water resources are ineffectual,corrupt,underfunded,or otherwise inadequate.Important Water-related Ecosys
46、tems(SDG 6.6)Water-related areas of environmental and cultural significance are degraded and there is a loss of freshwater ecosystems.Source:Adapted from UN Global Compact CEO Water Mandate(p.14)Water-related challenges have recently gained notable traction.For example,the UN 2023 Water Conference,h
47、eld in New York City from March 22-24,brought together governments,industry,and civil society to mobilise the resources needed to address the urgent water crisis.So far,more than 800 voluntary commitments have been made to the Water Action Agenda,18 a key outcome of the conference aimed at accelerat
48、ing progress towards achieving SDG 6.The direct financial impact of the pledges is projected to surpass$330 billion,with the potential to leverage nearly$1 trillion worth of services for both humanity and the environment.19Local and nature-based solutions to address the global water crisisWhile wate
49、r scarcity is an increasingly urgent global issue,it requires applying local,participatory,and resource-based approaches,20 since underlying causes and specific challenges can vary significantly from one region to another.In addition,there has been a growing global recognition of the importance of n
50、ature-based solutions21 as they hold the potential to contribute to the achievement of most of the SDG 6 targets22 and provide approximately 30%of the cost-effective mitigation required by 2030 to keep global warming well below 2C.23ROLE OF THE TRAVEL&TOURISM SECTORThe Travel&Tourism sector is one o
51、f the largest and fastest growing economic sectors.Its GDP is set to grow by 5.1%annually from 2023 until 2033,outpacing overall global economic growth(at 2.6%per year)and thereby playing a pivotal role in driving socioeconomic development,particularly in highly tourism-dependent destinations.Yet,it
52、s growing use of water resources poses significant challenges.Even though the Travel&Tourism sector has relatively low freshwater use,it remains heavily dependent on water and related ecosystems24 for a wide range of products and services.This includes obvious uses,like hotel swimming pools,as well
53、as indirect uses such as growing crops for food or clothing.Consequently,water scarcity or poor quality can significantly harm the customer experience and pose a threat to the viability of tourism destinations.Nature-based solutions involve using nature to fix problems.For example,a village facing s
54、evere flooding might opt to plant a mangrove forest to protect the coastline,rather than a man-made flood barrier.Nature-based solutions encompass any actions to protect,conserve,restore,sustainably use and manage natural or modified terrestrial,freshwater,coastal and marine ecosystems which address
55、 social,economic and environmental challenges effectively and adaptively,while simultaneously providing human well-being,ecosystem services,resilience,and biodiversity benefits.Examples include tree planting,urban green spaces,constructed wetlands,bioswales,and more.Protecting and restoring water-re
56、lated ecosystems can enhance their capacity to regulate water flow and provide natural buffers reducing the risk of extreme weather.Nature-based solutions also address social vulnerabilities,by improving human health and well-being,enhancing food security,and providing green jobs in sectors related
57、to ecosystem restoration and green infrastructure development.WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 9As the impacts of climate change intensify,the sector finds itself even more vulnerable to water-related risks.Between 2015 and 2018,for example,prolonged drought in the City o
58、f Cape Town had a significant impact on the regions hospitality industry that led to a$65 million loss in tourism revenue.25 The Travel&Tourism sectors water use can also raise ethical concerns,such as water equity and environmental justice since the concentration of water demand in specific locatio
59、ns and seasons might exacerbate water stress.The remainder of this report looks at water use in the Travel&Tourism sector and explores challenges related to strengthening its water resilience and adaptive capacity.Furthermore,it provides examples of best practices along with further guidance to busi
60、nesses on how to reduce their water footprint and strengthen resilience in water basins.WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 10Water challenges have both a global and a local dimension.In this chapter,we analyse global and regional data on water use,water intensity and water
61、stress using data provided by WTTC and the Ministry of Tourism of Saudi Arabia(KSA).METHODOLOGY Data collection and modelling approachThe methodology for WTTCs research,in partnership with the Ministry of Tourism of Saudi Arabia,into the environmental impact and resource footprint of Travel&Tourism
62、was conducted by Oxford Economics and is explained in Appendix A.It details how water use(both direct and indirect)is measured and apportioned to economic sectors following the International Standard Industrial Classification(ISIC).It also provides further details on the water intensity calculation
63、methodology as well as country specific income group categories.GLOBAL FINDINGS Water useWater use refers to the water drawn from renewable freshwater resources(e.g.rivers,lakes,and groundwater)by human infrastructure.It also includes the direct use of non-conventional sources(e.g.treated wastewater
64、,desalination),although this is relatively minor in most regions.It encompasses water delivered through public networks,as well as self-supplied(e.g.by agriculture,for irrigation and livestock).Data from the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)is split into three main categories of water use:a
65、griculture,industry,and municipal(i.e.,domestic&service-sector industries).For the purpose of this report,these broad water categories are further split into more detailed ISIC(International Standard Industrial Classification)industries.WATER USE IN TRAVEL&TOURISMWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorl
66、d Travel&Tourism Council 11Figure 3:Infographic on water use in Travel&Tourism Source:Accenture based on WTTC and Ministry of Tourism of Saudi ArabiaYearly freshwater withdrawals amount to around 3.9 trillion cubic metres of freshwater every year,II equivalent to one third of the volume of Lake Supe
67、rior,or around 1.5 billion Olympic swimming pools.III Among all the industries that depend on water to operate,Travel&Tourism has a small share.In 2021,the sector accounted for around 134 billion m3 or 3.5%of global freshwater withdrawals,showing a decline of 1.5pp and 2.3pp from 2010 and 2019 level
68、s,respectively(Figure 4).The latter can be attributed to the slower recovery of travel businesses from the COVID-19 pandemic,where 2020 reflected the lowest share.As depicted in Figure 3,approximately 81%of the water used by Travel&Tourism-related businesses occurs indirectly through their value cha
69、in.Among the different industries this sector touches,water embedded in food and agriculture accounts for nearly three-quarters of the entire Travel&Tourism sectors freshwater use,followed by other categories(e.g.,entertainment,construction,telecommunication),manufacturing(e.g.,clothing and accessor
70、ies)and utilities representing 7%,6%and 5%,respectively.Transportation and hospitality combined account for just 6%.II Annual freshwater withdrawals average from 2014 to 2019 according to the FAO(via World Bank).III Assuming a volume of 2500 m3 for an Olympic size swimming pool.Water use in Travel&T
71、ourismWater use refers to freshwater withdrawals following UN FAO statistics and the industrial breakdown is done based on the ISIC classification.Travel&Tourism accounted for 5.8%of global freshwater withdrawals in 2019.Most water use takes place in the value chain,through food&agriculture sources.
72、Total T&T Water intensity(m3/USD thousands of tourism GVA)28.0 in 2021Direct T&T Water intensity(m3/USD thousands of tourism GVA)5.4in 2021Indirect T&T Water intensity(m3/USD thousands of tourism GVA)22.5in 2021Total T&T Water intensity reduction 2021 vs.2010(CAGR)-2%81%81%of T&T water use came from
73、 its value chain in 2021where food&agriculture represented 81%,and manufacturing&utilities 6%3.5%T&T freshwater withdrawals accounted for 3.5%in 2021While pre-pandemic withdrawal levels achieved 5.8%in 2019Water use per channelm3 of fresh water,billionsAvailable freshwater1%Where available freshwate
74、r accounts for 1%70%waterWater covers 70%of earth surface73%7%6%5%3%3%2%Food&agricultureOtherManufacturingUtilitiesTransportationHospitalityRetail&wholesaleWater use breakdown per industry2%Unavailable freshwater97%Salt water18%15%66%201018%14%68%201919%15%67%202019%14%67%20234DirectInt.v
75、alue chainDomestic value chainWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 12Figure 4:Evolution of Travel&Tourisms share of total water use(%of global total)Water intensityGlobal water intensity in Travel&Tourism has decreased across all channels over the past decade.As illustrated i
76、n Figure 5,the international value chain water intensity saw a bigger fall from 2010 to 2019 compared to the other channels.This might suggest that Travel&Tourisms imported products need less water to produce the same economic output,increasingly decoupling tourism growth from water use.Figure 5:Tra
77、vel&Tourism water intensity per channel from 2010 to 2021Source:WTTC and Ministry of Tourism of Saudi Arabia Water Intensity refers to water used per unit of value added per economic activity.Its unit of measurement is usually m3 per USD0.9%1.1%0.5%0.7%4.2%5.0%2.4%3.0%5.0%5.8%2.8%3.5%2002
78、1DirectDirect+domestic value chainDirect+total value chainSource:WTTC and Ministry of Tourism of Saudi Arabiam3 of tourism water use per USD thousand of direct and indirect Travel&Tourism GDP(2021 prices)2002136.76.724.45.629.75.420.04.226.55.017.73.928.05.418.63.9TotalDirectDomestic valu
79、e chainInternational value chain-2%-2%-2%-3%WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 13REGIONAL AND COUNTRY-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES Water useWhile the sectors water use is relatively low compared to other industries,the picture becomes more complex when examined at regional levels a
80、nd country-specific levels.Previous studies have shown that in certain Asian countries,a tourist can use anywhere from 1.5x to 8x more water than a resident on a daily basis(Figure 5).26 However,in Europe,the situation is quite the opposite.For example,in the UK or Spain,a tourist uses only about ha
81、lf as much water as a local resident does.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),between 50 and 100 litres of water per person per day are needed to ensure that most basic needs are met,while 175 litres per person per day is considered a realistic expectation for daily use.27 However,in sev
82、eral parts of the world daily water consumption of less than 40 litres per person is still common,which raises not only environmental but also ethical concerns regarding the sectors water use,and considerations of water equity,environmental justice and the rights of marginalised communities.These ob
83、servations convey an important message to Travel&Tourism businesses to help tourists review their water use practices,and encourage water-conscious behavioural changes.Figure 6:Water use comparison between tourists and locals per country Source:Becken(2014)Note:Tourism use per person per day denotes
84、 the direct water use per guest per hotel nightThe regions of Asia-Pacific,the Americas and the Middle East saw their Travel&Tourism water use increase from 2010 to 2019(Figure 7).An upward trend in international tourist arrivals to those regions could have been the reason behind this(Figure 8),howe
85、ver Europe and Africas cases offer a different perspective.These two continents saw a yearly average increase in international tourist arrivals of 5%and 4%respectively from 2010 to 2019,but experienced a 1%yearly decline in water use over the same timeframe.This reinforces the impression that furthe
86、r progress in reducing water use can be achieved by Travel&Tourism businesses.Litres per person per day005006007008009001,000AustraliaChinaEgyptFijiFranceGermanyIndiaIndonesiaItalyJamaicaJapanMalaysiaMexicoNew ZealandPhilippinesSingaporeSpainSri LankaThailandUAEUKMunicipal per person per
87、day(tourism deducted)Tourism use per person per dayWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 14Source Figure 7:WTTC and Ministry of Tourism of Saudi ArabiaSource Figure 8:UNWTO via Statista 202328 Water intensityWhen analysing water intensity across income groups,there is a linear
88、 correlation between water use and GDP.As shown in Figure 9,high-income nations exhibit lower water intensity compared to low-income ones,suggesting that more developed countries may have already adopted water management policies and conservation practices.Figure 9:Water intensity per income group a
89、nd water use per night comparison Source:WTTC and Ministry of Tourism of Saudi Arabia Note:Income groups are defined by the World Bank country classifications depending on the Gross National Income per capita.Water use per night refers to the water used through direct and indirect channels to sustai
90、n a person in destination for a day.Water stressBaseline water stress refers to the ratio of water withdrawals compared to available renewable water supplies.Its unit of measurement is a percentage and the ratios are categorised in five water stress levels,according to the Aqueduct World Resources I
91、nstitute(WRI)guidelines:Extremely High(80%)High(40-80%)Medium-High(20-40%)Low-Medium(10-20%)Low(80%)High(40-80%)Medium-High(20-40%)Adapted from WRI Corporate water footprint The corporate water footprint is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used directly(in the companys opera2ons)and
92、 indirectly to run and support a business throughout its en2re value chain(including produc2on of raw materials,components,and intermediate goods,transporta2on,packaging,and distribu2on).It is divided into three components:Blue Water the volume of consump2ve water use taken from surface waters and a
93、quifers,Green Water the volume of evapora2ve flows(found in soils rather than major bodies of water)used,Grey water the theore2cal volume of water needed to dilute pollutants discharged to water bodies to the extent that they do not exceed minimum regulatory standards.Adapted from Water Footprint Ne
94、twork&UN CEO Water Mandate Dependencies Aspects of natures contribu2ons to people that a person or organisa2on relies on to func2on,including water flow and quality regula2on;regula2on of hazards like fires and floods;pollina2on;carbon sequestra2on.SBTN Double materiality Double materiality is the u
95、nion(in mathema2cal terms,i.e.union of two sets,not intersec2on)of impact materiality and financial materiality.A sustainability topic or informa2on meets the criteria of double materiality if it is material from the impact perspec2ve or from the financial perspec2ve or from both of these two perspe
96、c2ves.EFRAG Early warning system An integrated system of hazard monitoring,forecas2ng and predic2on,disaster risk assessment,communica2on and preparedness ac2vi2es systems and processes that enables individuals,communi2es,governments,businesses and others to take 2mely ac2on to reduce disaster risks
97、 in advance of hazardous events.UNDRR Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant,animal,and microorganism communi2es and the non-living environment interac2ng as a func2onal unit.Within this defini2on,the term“unit”relies on the iden2fica2on of a dis2nct func2on as well as a“dynamic”grouping of bio2c and
98、abio2c factors.SBTN Freshwater Naturally occurring water on the Earths surface with a low concentra2on of dissolved solids,including salt,e.g.in ice sheets,ice caps,glaciers,icebergs,bogs,ponds,lakes,rivers and streams.This surface water source includes water of a quality generally acceptable for,or
99、 requiring minimal treatment to be acceptable for,domes2c,municipal or agricultural uses.Adapted from ESRS E3 Groundwater(renewable and non-renewable)Water,which is being held in,and can be recovered from,an underground forma2on.Renewable groundwater sources can be replenished within 50 years and ar
100、e usually located at shallow depths.Non-renewable groundwater has a negligible rate of natural recharge on the human 2mescale(more than 50 years)and is generally located at deeper depths than renewable groundwater;this is some2mes referred to as fossil water.ESRS E3 Impacts Can be posi2ve or nega2ve
101、 contribu2ons of a company or other actor toward the state of nature,including pollu2on of air,water,or soil;fragmenta2on or disrup2on of ecosystems and habitats for nonhuman species;and altera2on of ecosystem processes.SBTN Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)A process that promotes the coor
102、dinated development and management of water,land,and related resources in order to maximise economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems and the environment.Global Water Partnership 2000 Materiality A way of dis2nguishing importance o
103、r significance.SBTN Nature based soluDons(NbS)NbS include ac2ons to protect,conserve,restore,sustainably use,and manage natural or modified terrestrial,freshwater,coastal and marine ecosystems which address social,economic,and environmental challenges effec2vely and adap2vely,while simultaneously pr
104、oviding human well-being,ecosystem services,resilience,and biodiversity benefits.UNEP APPENDIX C:GLOSSARYWATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 51Nature related risks Poten2al threats posed to an organisa2on linked to their and wider societys dependencies on nature and nature i
105、mpacts.These can derive from physical,transi2on and systemic risks.TNFD Net PosiDve Water Impact(NPWI)NPWI is an enterprise ambi2on that manifests in water-stressed basins to create impact where it makers most.Delivering NPWI contributes toward reducing water stress in its three dimensions:availabil
106、ity(quan2ty),quality,and access.NPWI is quan2fiable against the three dimensions of water stress,aligns with established methodologies(e.g.context and science-based water targets),and can be measured via both short-term outputs and long-term outcomes.Adapted from Water Resilience Coali2on(Nature rel
107、ated)Physical risks Nature related physical risks are a direct result of an organisa2ons dependence on natural resources and ecosystems.Physical risks are usually loca2on-specific and can be categorised as either acute(short-term,event-based risks),chronic(risks from long-term changes in environment
108、al condi2ons),or both.Adapted from TFND Recycled/reused water Water and wastewater(treated or untreated)that has been used more than once before being discharged from the undertakings boundary,so that water demand is reduced.This may be in the same process(recycled)or used in a different process wit
109、hin the same facility or another of the undertakings facili2es(reused).ESRS E3 SanitaDon Access to,and use of,excreta and wastewater facili2es and services that ensure privacy and dignity,ensuring a clean and healthy living environment for all.UNW-DPAC Science based targets Measurable,ac2onable,and
110、2me-bound objec2ves,based on the best available science,that allow actors to align with Earths limits and societal sustainability goals.SBTN Stakeholder En2ty or individual that can reasonably be expected to be significantly affected by the repor2ng organisa2ons ac2vi2es,products and services,or who
111、se ac2ons can reasonably be expected to affect the ability of the organisa2on to successfully implement its strategies and achieve its objec2ves.GRI Supply chain The full range of ac2vi2es or processes carried out by en22es upstream from the undertaking,which provide products or services that are us
112、ed in the development of the undertakings own products or services.This includes upstream en22es with which the undertaking has a direct rela2onship(olen referred to as a first-2er supplier)or an indirect business rela2onship.ESRS 1 Supply chain water footprint of a business The supply chain(or indi
113、rect)water footprint of a business is the volume of freshwater consumed or polluted to produce all the goods and services that form the input of produc2on of a business.Water Footprint Network(Nature-related)TransiDon risks Nature-related transi2on risks are risks that result from a misalignment bet
114、ween an organisa2ons strategy and management and the changing regulatory,policy or societal landscape in which it operates.Adapted from TFND Wastewater Water which is of no further immediate value to the purpose for which it was used or in the pursuit of which it was produced because of its quality,
115、quan2ty,or 2me of occurrence.Wastewater from one user can be a poten2al supply to a user elsewhere.Cooling water is not considered to be wastewater.ESRS E3 Water basin The area of land that provides all surface runoff and subsurface waters to a given waterbody.Also referred to as a watershed or catc
116、hment.SBTN Water challenge Water-related issues including physical water scarcity,insufficient freshwater quality,and/or regulatory restric2ons on water use.SBTN Water consumpDon The amount of water drawn into the boundaries of the undertaking(or facility)and not discharged back to the water environ
117、ment or a third party over the course of the repor2ng period.ESRS E3 Water discharge The sum of effluents and other water leaving the boundaries of the organisa2on and released to surface water,groundwater,or third par2es over the course of the repor2ng period.ESRS E3 Water-Energy-Food(WEF)Nexus The
118、 nexus term in the context of water,food and energy refers to these sectors being inextricably linked so that ac2ons in one policy area commonly have impacts on the others,as well as on the ecosystems that natural resources and human ac2vi2es ul2mately depend upon.UNECE Water footprint of a consumer
119、 The total volume of freshwater consumed and polluted for the produc2on of the goods and services consumed by the consumer.It is calculated by adding the direct water use by people and their indirect water use.The laker can be found by mul2plying all goods and services consumed by their respec2ve wa
120、ter footprint.Water Footprint Network Water footprint of a product The water footprint of a product(a commodity,good or service)is the total volume of freshwater used to produce the product,summed over the various steps of the produc2on chain.The water footprint of a product refers not only to the t
121、otal volume of water used;it also refers to where and when the water is used.Water Footprint Network Water footprint offseMng Offsepng the nega2ve impacts of a water footprint is part of water neutrality.Offsepng is the last step,aler a prior effort of reducing a water footprint insofar reasonably p
122、ossible.Compensa2on can be made by contribu2ng to(for example,by inves2ng in)a more sustainable and equitable use of water in the hydrological units in which the impacts of the remaining water footprint are located.Water Footprint Network Water intensity Water intensity refers to the water used per
123、unit of value added per economic ac2vity.Its unit of measurement is usually in m3 per US dollars.UN WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL&TOURISMWorld Travel&Tourism Council 52Water related risk The possibility of a company experiencing a water-related challenge(e.g.water scarcity,water stress,flooding,infrastru
124、cture decay,drought,weak water governance).The extent of risk is a func2on of the likelihood of a specific challenge occurring and the severity of the challenges impact.The severity of impact itself depends on the intensity of the challenge,as well as the vulnerability of the company.CEO Water Manda
125、te Water resilience While there are numerous defini2ons of water resilience,in this report we use the term to emphasise business capacity to successfully respond and adapt to external shocks and crises related to water challenges and learn from disrup2ons.Building resilience enables businesses to co
126、n2nue or quickly resume opera2ons to sustain and increase compe22veness.Adapted from World Bank Water stewardship The use of water that is socially and culturally equitable,environmentally sustainable,and economically beneficial,achieved through a stakeholder inclusive process that involves site-and
127、 catchment-based ac2ons.Alliance for Water Stewardship Water stress The ability,or lack thereof,to meet human and ecological demand for fresh water.Compared to scarcity,water stress is more inclusive,considering physical scarcity,water quality,and the accessibility of water.CDP,adapted from CEO Wate
128、r Mandate Water use The water drawn from renewable freshwater resources(e.g.rivers,lakes,and groundwater)by human infrastructure.It also includes the direct use of non-conven2onal sources(e.g.treated wastewater,desalina2on),although this is rela2vely minor in most regions.It encompasses water delive
129、red through public networks,as well as self-supplied(e.g.by agriculture,for irriga2on and livestock).UN FAO data is split into three main categories of water use:agriculture,industry,and municipal(i.e.domes2c&service-sector industries).These broad water categories are split into more detailed ISIC(I
130、nterna2onal Standard Industrial Classifica2on)industries for the purpose of this report.Adapted from UN FAO AQUASTAT Water withdrawal The sum of all water drawn into the boundaries of the undertaking from all sources for any use over the course of the repor2ng period.ESRS E3 WATER ROADMAP FOR TRAVEL
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