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1、PCT Yearly Review 2023PCT Yearly Review 2023Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2023The International Patent SystemThis work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.The user is allowed to reproduce,distribute,adapt,translate and publicly perform this publication,includin
2、g for commercial purposes,without explicit permission,provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes were made to the original content.Suggested citation:World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)(2023).PCT Yearl
3、y Review 2023:The International Patent System.Geneva:WIPO.DOI:10.34667/tind.48061Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem or logo,unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO.Please contact us via the WIPO website to obtain permission.For any derivative work,pl
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6、s of the United Nations Commission on InternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL)theninforce.Thepartiesshall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute.The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publicati
7、on do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country,territory or area or its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States or the
8、 WIPO Secretariat.The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.WIPO,2023First published 2023World Intellectual Property Organization 34,chemin des Colombe
9、ttes,P.O.Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20,SwitzerlandISBN:978-92-805-3535-8(print)ISBN:978-92-805-3536-5(online)ISSN:2790-8933(print)ISSN:2790-8941(online)Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)Cover:Damir Khabirov and Bartlomiej Wroblewski via Getty Images/iStockphotoContentsAcknowledgements 5Further informat
10、ion 5Key numbers for 2022 6Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 7A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 18Highlights 18Global trends in PCT applications 24PCT applications by receiving office 25PCT applications by origin 26PCT applications by applicant type 29Top
11、 PCT applicants 31PCT applications by technology field 35Participation of women inventors in PCT applications 38Top clusters of inventors in PCT applications 42Statistical table 44B.Statistics on PCT national phase entries 47Highlights 47Global trends in PCT national phase entries 50National phase e
12、ntries by origin 51National phase entries by office 53Patent applications by filing route 56Top applicants in foreign-oriented patent families 58Statistical table 60C.Statistics on the performance of the PCT System 63Highlights 63PCT applications by publication language and filing medium 67PCT appli
13、cations filed using ePCT 68Timeliness in processing PCT applications by the International Bureau 69Efficiency in processing PCT applications by the International Bureau 70Receiving offices 72International Searching Authorities 75Supplementary International Searching Authorities 79International Preli
14、minary Examining Authorities 79PCT-Patent Prosecution Highway pilots 81Annexes 82A brief presentation of the Patent Cooperation Treaty 82Data description 85Acronyms 86Glossary 87PCT Contracting States 91 5The PCT Yearly ReviewwasproducedunderthedirectionofDarenTang(DirectorGeneral)intheIPandInnovati
15、onEcosystemsSectorledbyMarcoAlemn(AssistantDirectorGeneral)andsupervisedbyCarstenFink(ChiefEconomist).TheReviewwaspreparedbyKyleBergquist(DataAnalyst),CarstenFink,BrunoLeFeuvre(SeniorStatisticalAnalyst)andHaoZhou(DirectorofStatistics),allfromtheDepartmentforEconomicsandDataAnalytics.Thanks go to col
16、leagues from the Patents and Technology Sector for providing valuable support,comments and suggestions on drafts at various stages.SamiahDoCarmoFigueiredoandJovanaStojanoviprovidedadministrativesupport.Gratitudeis also due to the Information and Digital Outreach Division for the editing and design a
17、nd to staff in the Printing Plant for their services.Finally,WIPO is grateful to national and regional patent offices for sharing their annual statistics.AcknowledgementsFurther informationOnline resourcesThe electronic version of the Review,as well as the underlying data used to compile the figures
18、 and tables,can be downloaded at www.wipo.int/ipstats.This webpage also provides links to the IP Statistics Data Center offering access to WIPOs statistical data and the IP Statistical Country Profiles.The following other patent resources are available on WIPOs website:PCT homepageWIPOs gateway to P
19、CT resources for applicants,offices and the public.PCT NewsletterPCT monthly publication containing information about the filing of PCT applications and news about changes relating to the PCT.PATENTSCOPEEnables the search and download of published PCT applications and national/regional patent collec
20、tions.Also provides access to related patent and technology information programs and services.Contact informationDepartment for Economics and Data AnalyticsWebsite:www.wipo.int/ipstats email:ipstats.mailwipo.int6 Key numbers for 2022715,200(+7.6%)PCT national phase entries134(+3)Countries in which P
21、CT applications were filed17.1%(+0.6percentagepoint)Share of women among PCT inventors278,100(+0.3%)PCT applications filed58.9%(+2 percentage points)Share of PCT national phase entries in worldwide non-resident patent application filingsNote:The latest available year for PCT national phase entry dat
22、a is 2021.7ThePatentCooperationTreaty(PCT)isaninternationalpatenttreatyprovidingaunified procedure for filing and processing patent applications that facilitates the seeking of patent protection for inventions in multiple countries.The PCT System isadministeredbytheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizat
23、ion(WIPO).Withits157memberstatesin2022,thePCTSystemhasbeenwidelyadoptedandisnowan important tool for inventors,companies,universities and research institutions wantingtoprotecttheirinnovationsinternationally(mapS1).Before the PCT System was established,applicants were obliged to file separate patent
24、 applications in every country where they sought to protect their innovations within 12 months of filing a first patent application on a particular subject matter the so-called Paris route,based on the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and administered by WIPO.The PCT innova
25、ted within the patent space by offering an alternative to the Paris route that provides a centralized application process,whereby applicants are able to file a single PCT application and have that application processed and published during the Systems“international phase.”Makinguseoftheadditionaltim
26、emadeavailablethroughfollowingthePCT procedure,together with the additional patentability information that the PCT provides,applicants are able to then decide in which countries they wish to proceed withtheirPCTapplicationshouldtheychoosetoenterthe“nationalphase”ofthe System.This years Special theme
27、 provides a descriptive analysis of the PCTs expansion,from 20memberstatesin1978totodaysglobalsystemcoveringover80%ofcountriesglobally within the space of 44 years.However,although applicants from around the world use the PCT every year,most activity is concentrated within just a few countries;that
28、is to say,the worlds largest economies are by far the main source of and destination for PCT applications.That said,data show the PCT to be a filing route chosen by a diverse range of applicants that goes well beyond simply big economies.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over timePCT Yea
29、rly Review 20238 S1.Map of PCT member states,2022 Source:WIPO,March 2023.Trends in PCT accessionsThefirstPCTapplicationwasfiledonJune1,1978.Onthatdate,18countriesjoinedthePCT.Half were from Africa,including Madagascar and Togo.Seven were from Europe,including France,Germany,theUnitedKingdom(UK)andth
30、eSovietUnion.LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC)andNorthAmericaeachhadamemberinBrazilandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica(US),respectively.Duringthelatterhalfof1978,DenmarkandJapanjoinedtheSystem,bringing the total number of PCT members to 20 countries spanning five of the worlds sixgeographicalregionsandcoveri
31、ngallincome-groups(figureS2).Since1978,PCTmembershiphasgrownbyanaverageof3.6newcountriesperyear.ThenumberofAfricanmembercountrieshasincreasedconsistentlyovertime;and,since2005,thatregion has had the largest number of PCT member states.European countries acceding to the PCT increased sharply during t
32、he first 20 years of the Systems existence and that region has constitutedthesecondlargestgroupingofPCTmemberstatessince2005.ThesharpincreaseinPCTmembershipin1991waslargelyduetotheaccessionofnewstatesfollowingthedissolutionoftheSovietUnion.Fromthenupto2007,PCTmembershipgrewmarkedly,particularlyinAfr
33、icaand Asia.Of todays top five countries in terms of PCT filings,the Republic of Korea and China joinedthePCTin1984and1994,respectively.PCTmembershipbystatesintheLACregionincreasedmainlyintheperiodbetweenthemid-1990sand2012.Jamaica,whichjoinedthePCTin2022,was the first country from the LAC to have a
34、cceded to the System since 2012.S2.PCT member states per accession year,121620Member states0369258042005200620072008200920000022Year of accessionA
35、FRICAASIAEUROPELATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANNORTH AMERICAOCEANIA Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 9TheincreaseinPCTmembershipovertimecanbedividedintothreeperiods(figureS3).Between1979and1990,25countriesjoinedthePCT,representing2.3ne
36、wmemberstates peryear,onaverage.MostofthesewereEuropean.From1991to2007,thenumberofPCTmemberstatesincreasedsharply,withanaverageof5.8newmembersperyear.Amongthe 93countriesthatjoinedtheSystemduringthis16-yearperiod,29werefromAfrica,24from Asia,20 from Europe,18 from LAC and two from Oceania.Since 2008
37、,due to a by then widespreadcoverage,only19countriesjoinedthePCT,ofwhichnearlyhalfwerefromAsia.This represents,on average,1.4 new members per year.The four countries that became members of the PCT in 2022 made that year the most active in terms of PCT accessions since 2008.S3.PCT member states by re
38、gion,19782022 04080120160Member states0369258042005200620072008200920000022Year of accessionAFRICAEUROPEASIALATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANOCEANIANORTH AMERI
39、CA Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.In2022,the157PCTmemberstatescollectivelyaccountedfor94.1%ofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)globallyand86.3%oftheworldspopulation.Approximately81%ofthe193UnitedNationsmembercountriesin2022werealsomembersofthePCT(tableS4).EverycountryinNorth America was a member
40、of the PCT.With the exception of Andorra,the same was the case forEurope.Almost89%ofcountriesinAfricahadjoinedthePCTby2022.Thelargesteconomiesamong the six African countries yet to join the PCT are the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia.Around 10 countries in Asia,LAC,and Oceania,respecti
41、vely,are not yet members of the PCT.Of these,Argentina,Bangladesh and Pakistan have the largest GDP.S4.World coverage of PCT members by region,2022RegionPCT member countriesNon-PCT member countriesTotal countriesShare of PCT member countries(%)Africa4865488.9Asia37104778.7Europe4214397.7Latin Americ
42、a and the Caribbean2493372.7North America202 100.0 Oceania4101428.6World15736193 81.3 Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Thebulkofhigh-incomeeconomies(93.2%)weremembersofthePCTin2022(tableS5).Theonly four high-income countries not part of the PCT System were Andorra,the Bahamas,Nauru andUrug
43、uay.About79%ofuppermiddle-incomecountrieshadjoinedthePCTby2022.PCTmembershipamonglowermiddle-incomeandlow-incomegroupsstoodat75.5%and71.4%ofcountries,respectively.PCT Yearly Review 202310 S5.World coverage of PCT members by income group,2022Income groupPCT member countriesNon-PCT member countriesTot
44、al countriesShare of PCT member countries(%)High-income5545993.2Upper middle-income42115379.2Lower middle-income40135375.5Low-income2082871.4World15736193 81.3 Note:Venezuela is unclassified pending release of revised national accounts statistics.In this table,Venezuela is allocated to the upper-mid
45、dle-income group,as classified by the World Bank in 2020.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.ThePCThasbeenaglobalsystemeversinceitbegan.Althoughapplicantsfromonly16countriesfiledPCTapplicationsin1978,everygeographicalregionwasrepresented;forexample,through filings from applicants residing in
46、Australia,Brazil,Canada,Japan,South Africa and the Soviet Union.The number of countries from which applicants filed PCT applications within a given year hasincreasedinparallelwithariseinPCTmembership(figureS6).In1978,atwhichtime20countrieshadaccededtothePCT,applicantsfrom16countriesfiledPCTapplicati
47、ons.Duringthe 20 years that followed,the trends in PCT member states and in countries of origin of PCT applicationsmirroredeachotherquiteclosely.In1997,forinstance,thePCTSystemhad94member states,and applicants in as many countries filed PCT applications.However,from1998onwards,althoughtheoriginsofPC
48、Tapplicationscontinuedtoexpand,they were outpaced by PCT membership.In 2022,applicants from 134 countries filed at least one PCT application,representing the widest spread of origins within any single year.Since the PCTSystemfirstbegan,applicantsfrom186countrieshavefiledPCTapplications,accountingfor
49、over96%ofcountriesworldwide.1 S6.PCT member states and countries of origin of PCT applications,19782022 4080120160Count of origins03692580420052006200720082009200001920
50、2020212022YearPCT MEMBER STATESORIGIN OF APPLICANTS Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.1 Under certain conditions,a first named applicant may reside in a country that is not a PCT member,which explains why the number of countries from which PCT applications originated is greater than the num
51、ber of PCT member states.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 11Trends in PCT applicationsSince1978,PCTapplicationsfiledhaveincreasedeveryyear,exceptin2009duringtheGreatRecession(figureS7).Between1979and2022,PCTapplicationsgrewby11.5%peryear,on average.In 2021 and 2022,however,a c
52、hallenging global economic environment led to historically low growth rates close to zero.Despite this,the five millionth PCT application is due to be filed in 2023.In1991,thenumberofPCTapplicationsfiledwithinasingleyearreachedthe20,000mark.It took 13 years to hit that milestone and an additional 10
53、 years to surpass 100,000;the 200,000milestonewasreachedin2013and300,000couldbereachedasof2024.S7.Trend in filings of PCT applications,,000200,000300,000PCT applications036925804200520062007
54、2008200920000022International filing yearUSJAPANCHINAGERMANYREPUBLIC OF KOREAOTHERS Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Notwithstanding the diverse geographical spread of filings generally,todays top five countries oforiginaccountforthevastmajorityo
55、ffilings,andhavedonesosince1994.Almostthree-quarters(73%)ofthe4.8millionPCTapplicationsfiledsince1978werefiledbyapplicantsresiding in China,Germany,Japan,the Republic of Korea and the US.Their combined share has trendedupwardsovertime,growingfromaround67%in2000to79%in2022.Since2019,Chinahasbeenthemo
56、stactivefilerofPCTapplications.Beforethat,USapplicantsfiled the most applications year on year.Overall,applicants from the US have been responsible for28.9%ofPCTapplicationsfiledsince1978.TheyarefollowedbyapplicantsfromJapan(17.6%),China(11.9%),Germany(9.5%)andtheRepublicofKorea(5.2%).In terms of ge
57、ographical regions,filings from Europe and North America have followed a quite similartrendandlevelovertime(figureS8).Between1979and2001,filingsfromthesetworegionsgrewbyaround18%peryear,onaverage,andaccountedforover80%oftotalfilingscombined.In 2002,during the early 2000s recession,filings in North A
58、merica dropped for the first time.From 2002 to 2022,the average annual growth rates for Europe and North America fellto1.6%and1.8%,respectively.Duringthisperiod,theircombinedshareoftotalfilingsdeclinedto43.9%in2022.Between1979and2001,filingsinAsiaincreasedby20.4%peryear,onaverage.Thisrapidgrowthrate
59、wasmostlyduetoalowinitialvolumeoffilings.In1979,only305PCTapplicationswere filed in Asia.In the two decades from 2002 to 2022,filings from Asia grew constantly and sharply,averaging10.7%peryear.MostofthisincreaseinfilingsoriginatedfromChina(52.2%).Since2021,duringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Asiasgrowthrates
60、lowedtoaround1.3%peryear,the lowest rate in the past two decades.In2022,Asiaaccountedfor54.7%oftotalfilings,ofwhich93.6%originatedfromChina,Japanand the Republic of Korea.Together with India,Israel,Trkiye and Singapore,these seven countriesaccountedfor99%ofAsianfilingsin2022.PCT Yearly Review 202312
61、 S8.Trend in PCT application filings by region,1978202240,00080,000120,000160,000PCT applications0369258042005200620072008200920000022International filing ye
62、arASIANORTH AMERICAEUROPEOCEANIALATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANAFRICAUKNOWN Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Since1978,thetechnicalfieldsofcomputertechnology(333,737PCTapplications),medicaltechnology(298,938),digitalcommunication(295,081),electricalmachinery(278,880)andpharmaceuticals(214,
63、014)havehadthemostPCTapplicationspublished(figureS9).Combined,thetop10technicalfieldsrepresentamajority(50.9%)ofPCTapplications.Since2010,thenumberofpublishedPCTapplicationshasgrownby5%peryear,onaverage.Withinthetopfivefields,computertechnology(+9.5%),digitalcommunication(+7.6%),electricalmachinery(
64、+6.4%)andmedicaltechnology(+5.1%)grewthefastest.Incontrast,pharmaceuticals(+4%)grewmoreslowlythantheoverallaverageof5%.Since2013,pharmaceuticals has featured among the top five technology fields once only in 2021,when the COVID-19pandemicsawapeakinhealth-relatedtechnologypatenting.S9.Trend in PCT ap
65、plications for the top 10 technology fields,1978202210,00020,00030,000PCT applications0369258042005200620072008200920000022Year of publicationCOMPUTER TECHNO
66、LOGYMEDICAL TECHNOLOGYDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONELECTRICAL MACHINERYPHARMACEUTICALSMEASUREMENTTRANSPORTAUDIO-VISUAL TECHNOLOGYBIOTECHNOLOGYORGANIC FINE CHEMISTRY Note:For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.WIPOs IPC technologyconcordancetable(avai
67、lableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnology fields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.The expansion of the PCT System and the shift in usage toward Asia has led to disclosed patent literature,via the publication of PCT applications,exhibiting a greate
68、r linguistic diversity over time(figureS10).Since1978,PCTapplicationshavebeenfiledin39differentlanguages.ThenumberoflanguagesusedtofilePCTapplicationsinanyoneyearhasgrownfromfivein1978to a peak of 33 in 2022.2 2 There are 10 languages of publication under the PCT:English,French,Spanish,Russian,Germa
69、n,Japanese,Korean,Chinese,Portuguese and Arabic.If an application is filed in any of these languages,it will be published in that language,together with an abstract in English and French.Applications filed in languages other than these 10 will be required to be translated into one of the publication
70、 languages.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 13Overall,Englishhasbeenbyfarthemostcommonlyusedlanguageoffiling,with52.5%ofthetotal.Itsusepeakedin1993,whenitrepresentednearly69%ofallapplicationsfiled,beforesteadilydeclining.In2022,about42%ofapplicationswerefiledinEnglishandnearly
71、aquarterinChinese(23.4%).Thatsameyear,Chinese,Japanese(17.5%)andKorean(7.3%)accountedfor48.2%oftotalfilings,combined.S10.Distribution of PCT applications by language of filing,5075100Distribution of PCTapplications(%)036925
72、8042005200620072008200920000022International filing yearENGLISHJAPANESECHINESEGERMANKOREANOTHERS Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Trends in PCT national phase entriesAfter the PCT international phase,applicants ma
73、y choose to further pursue patent protection in those jurisdictions in which they are interested by entering the national phase at each relevant national or regional patent office and complying with applicable national or regional requirements and procedures.The overall number of non-resident patent
74、 applications filed globally more than doubled between1998and2021.3Overthisperiod,non-residentpatentapplicationsgrewfrom458,500tooveronemillion,representinganannualaveragegrowthrateof3.5%.Non-resident patent applications filed through either the Paris or the PCT route have increased overtimebutatadi
75、fferentrate(figureS11).Since1998,non-residentpatentapplicationsfileddirectlyatoffices(Parisroute)grewby1.4%peryear,onaverage,andPCTnationalphaseentries(NPEs)by6%.Since2007,PCTNPEshaveaccountedforamajorityofnon-residentpatentapplicationsfiledworldwide,peakingat58.9%in2021.S11.Trend in non-resident pa
76、tent applications by filing route,,000400,000600,000Patent applications02000420052006200720082009200001920202021Filing yearPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIESPARIS ROUTE Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.3 Patent application data are
77、collected through WIPOs annual IP statistics questionnaire from intellectual property offices worldwide.The latest available year is 2021.The earliest available year depends on the level of detail required in the data.PCT Yearly Review 202314 Between2005and2021,NPEsinitiatedworldwidealmostdoubled,to
78、peakat715,200in2021.ApplicantsfromtheUSinitiatedthelargestproportionoftotalNPEs(29.2%)duringthisperiod(figureS12).TheywerefollowedbyapplicantsfromJapan(19.2%)andGermany(10%).The respective shares of NPEs from Japan and the US have remained relatively stable since 2010.Combined,theyrepresentedbetween
79、47.3%ofthetotalin2011and50.4%in2015.Germanyssharedroppedfrom11.5%in2010to8%in2021.ChinaovertookGermanyin2021tobecomethethirdbiggestoriginofNPEs,itsshareclimbingfrom1.6%in2010to8.7%in2021.Likewise,theRepublicofKoreassharerosefrom2.8%to5.1%duringthesameperiod.Combined,thetopfiveandthetop20originsaccou
80、ntedfor69.3%and94.4%oftotalNPEsin2021,respectively.Other top 20 origins showing a noticeable change in trend were India,Israel and Spain whose NPEsinitiatedbetween2005and2021multipliedby2.5to3timesinnumber.Incontrast,theNetherlands was the only top 20 origin to see a decrease in NPEs during this per
81、iod.S12.Distribution of PCT national phase entries for the top 10 origins,2005202Distribution of PCTnational phase entries(%)20052006200720082009200001920202021Filing yearUSJAPANCHINAGERMANYREPUBLIC OF KOREAFRANCEUKSWITZERLANDNETHERLANDSSWEDENOTHER ORIGINS
82、 Note:Figure shows the top 10 origins in 2021.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.In2005,theEuropeanPatentOffice(EPO),theJapanPatentOffice(JPO)andtheChinaNationalIntellectualPropertyAdministration(CNIPA)werethethreemaindestinationsforNPEs,accountingforabout19%,13%and11%oftotalNPEs,respectivel
83、y(figureS13).In2010,theUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOffice(USPTO)becamethemaindestinationofPCTNPEs,mainly owing to a sharp increase in filings from Japan and the US.In2021,theUSPTO(23.7%),theEPO(16.1%)andtheCNIPA(13.1%)togetheraccountedforamajorityofNPEsinitiatedworldwide(52.9%).TogetherwiththeJPO(
84、10.2%)andtheKoreanIntellectualPropertyOffice(KIPO)(6.1%),thetopfiveofficesaccountedfor69.1%ofallNPEsin2021.Among the top 20 offices,those of the US,Viet Nam and Germany were the ones to see the sharpestaverageannualgrowthratesbetween2005and2021,with9.7%,7.6%and6.6%,respectively.Theywerefollowedbythe
85、AsianofficesofChina(+5.4%),India(+4%),Indonesia(+3.9%),Thailand(+3.7%),Malaysia(+3.6%),theRepublicofKorea(+3.6%)andSingapore(+3.4%).4 4 Average annual growth rates between 20082021 for Malaysia,20122021 for Thailand and 20102021 for Viet Nam.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 15
86、S13.Distribution of PCT national phase entries for the top 10 offices,20052021 0255075100Distribution of PCTnational phase entries(%)20052006200720082009200001920202021Filing yearUSEPOCHINAJAPANREPUBLIC OF KOREACANADAINDIAAUSTRALIABRAZILMEXICOOTHER OFFICES Note:Figur
87、e shows the top 10 offices in 2021.EPO is the European Patent Office.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.In many cases,patent offices in PCT member countries receive a large proportion of non-residentpatentapplicationsviathePCT(figureB14).Likewise,applicantstendtousethePCTforalargeproportiono
88、ftheirpatentapplicationsfiledabroad(figureB13).Figure S14 shows trends in patent applications filed abroad for applicants from countries having relatively recently joined the PCT and for which sufficient data are available.The year before PCT accession,selectedapplicantsfiledpatentapplicationsabroad
89、viathePCTforbetween10.3%ofthetotalforMalaysiaand28.2%forSaudiArabia.FiveyearsafterPCTaccession,applicantsfromthissamegroupofcountriesusedthePCTrouteforbetween40.2%forSaudiArabiaand70.2%forChile.PCT Yearly Review 202316 S14.Patent applications filed abroad by filing route for selected origins,2005202
90、1AngolaChileaccededtothePCTin2007accededtothePCTin20092468Applications abroad20052006200720082009200001920202021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIES200400600Applications abroad20052006200720082009200001920202021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT
91、 NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIESMalaysiaPeruaccededtothePCTin2006accededtothePCTin20095001,0001,500Applications abroad20052006200720082009200001920202021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIES255075100Applications abroad20052006200720082009200016201720
92、021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIESSaudi ArabiaThailand acceded to the PCT in 2013 accededtothePCTin20091,0002,0003,0004,000Applications abroad20052006200720082009200001920202021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIES2505007501,000Applications a
93、broad20052006200720082009200001920202021YearPARIS ROUTEPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIES Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Special theme:The expansion of the PCT System over time 17ConclusionSince1978,PCTmembershiphasexpandedbyanaverageof3.6newstatesperyear.Themajo
94、rityofthisincreaseinmembershiptookplacebetween1991and2007.By2022,about81%ofcountriesgloballyhadjoinedthePCT,including93.2%ofhigh-incomeeconomies.Since1978,thenumberofPCTmemberstateshasincreasedalmostinparallelwiththenumberofcountriesoforiginoffilings.Altogether,applicantsfrom186countrieshavefiledPCT
95、applications.Notwithstanding such a wide geographical diversity,the top five origins accounted for nearly three-quarters of all PCT applications filed.PCTapplicationfilinghasgrownby11.5%peryear,onaverage,overits44-yearhistory.Since2002,PCT filings from Europe and North America have grown only slowly
96、,which explains the decline in the respective shares of these two regions in global filings.Over the same period,mainlydrivenbyChina,filingsfromAsiahaveincreasedsteadilybyalmost11%peryear,onaverage.Since 2018,Asia has accounted for the majority of PCT applications filed every year.Between2005and2021
97、,thetotalnumberofNPEsinitiatedworldwidealmostdoubled.Overthe same period,applicants from the US and Japan initiated the largest proportion of NPEs worldwide.In 2021,China overtook Germany to become the third largest origin of NPEs.In 2021,the USPTO,the EPO and the CNIPA accounted for the majority of
98、 NPEs initiated worldwide,combined.Among top 20 offices,those of the US,Viet Nam,Germany,China andIndiaarethefivetohaveseenthesharpestaverageannualgrowthratessince2005,inthat order.Trends in patent applications filed abroad for selected origins show that applicants started to use the PCT route for a
99、 far greater proportion of filings abroad shortly after their country had joined the PCT System.18 Highlights About 278,100 PCT applications were filed in 2022Approximately278,100internationalpatentapplications(PCTapplications)werefiledunderWIPOsPatentCooperationTreaty(PCT)in2022(figureA1).Thisrepre
100、sentsamarginalgrowthof0.3%comparedtothepreviousyear,andmarkstheslowestrateofincreasesinceadeclineinPCTapplicationsin2009.SincethePCTSystembecameoperationalin1978,thePCTSystemhasreceivedabout4.82 million applications.Overall,PCT filings have grown consistently every year,exceptin2009,duringtheglobalf
101、inancialcrisisandtheresultanteconomicdownturn.Applicants from 134 countries filed PCT applications in 2022In2022,thePCThad157memberstatesandapplicantsfrom134countriesfiledPCTapplicationsat85receivingoffices(ROs).However,despitesuchawidespreadgeographical distribution,filing activity was heavily conc
102、entrated in a select number of economies.Combined,thetop10ROsaccountedfor93.8%ofapplicationsfiledin2022.With74,420filings,theChinaNationalIntellectualPropertyAdministration(CNIPA)receivedthe most PCT applications.It was followed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)(55,330),theJapa
103、nPatentOffice(JPO)(48,826),theEuropeanPatentOffice(EPO)(38,854),theKoreanIntellectualPropertyOffice(KIPO)(21,964)andtheInternationalBureau(IB)ofWIPO(13,713)(figureA4).The top five countries of origin accounted for over 72%of applications in 2022With70,015PCTapplications,applicantsresidinginChinafile
104、dthemostapplicationsin2022.TheywerefollowedbyapplicantsfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica(US)(59,056)andJapan(50,345)(figureA7).TogetherwithapplicantsfromGermanyandtheRepublicofKorea,thesetopfivecountriesaccountedfor78.7%ofallPCTapplicationsfiled in 2022.Driven mainly by a rapid increase in filings by app
105、licants from China,the combined share of the top five users of the PCT System has increased by 4.2 percentage points over the past decade.Thetop20originsincluded17high-incomecountriesmostlyEuropeanandthreemiddle-incomeeconomies,namely,China,IndiaandTrkiye(figureA8).Outsidethe top 20 origins,other la
106、rge middle-income economies with notable numbers of PCT applications were Brazil,the Islamic Republic of Iran,the Russian Federation andSouthAfrica,whosefilingsrangedbetween200and900.ApplicantsfromtheDemocratic Peoples Republic of Korea,Sudan,Syrian Arab Republic and Uganda accounted for most of the
107、 14 applications filed by applicants residing in low-income countries(tableA30).A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 19Nine of the top 20 origins filed more PCT applications in 2022 compared to the previous year.India(+25.4
108、%),theRepublicofKorea(+6.2%),France(+5.9%)andSingapore(+5.3%)sawthesharpest increases in filing.In contrast,the countries that experienced the steepest falls were Israel(7.1%),Finland(6.6%),Italy(6.6%)andSpain(6.5%).Among those large middle-income economies not to feature among the top 20 origins,Co
109、lombia(+23.5%),Mexico(+19.9%),Thailand(+19%)andMalaysia(+17.8%)underwentsharpgrowthinPCTfilings(tableA9).Incontrast,Ukraine(40.9%),theRussianFederation(14.5%)andBrazil(11%)allsawamarkedcontraction.A majority of applications were filed in Asia in 2022In2022,Asiancountrieswereresponsiblefor54.7%ofallP
110、CTapplicationsfiled(figureA2).Thisrepresentsasharpincreasefromtheir40.3%sharein2012,primarilydrivenbyhigherfilingsfromChina.NorthAmericarankedasthesecondhighestregion,accountingfor22.2%ofPCTapplications,followedcloselybyEuropeat21.8%.ThecombinedshareforAfrica,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC),andOcea
111、niaamountedtonomorethan1.3%oftotalPCTfilings.The business sector accounted for almost 88%of all PCT applications In2022,theIBpublished272,313PCTapplications,representingagrowthof3.4%inpublishedapplicationscomparedto2021.Thebusinesssectoraccountedfor87.6%ofallpublishedPCTapplications,followedbytheuni
112、versitysector(6%),individuals(4.7%)andthegovernmentandpublicresearchorganization(PRO)sector(1.7%)(figureA11).The business sector accounted for the biggest proportion of published applications from each of thetop20originsinthehigh-incomegroupofeconomies(figureA12).Inparticular,thebusinesssectorsshare
113、comprisedover96%ofthetotalforFinland,JapanandSweden.Amongthetop20origins in the middle-income group,the business sector constituted the majority of published applications in nine,while individuals accounted for the majority of applications in seven.Notably,individualapplicantswereresponsibleforover8
114、0%ofapplicationsoriginatingfromEgypt,the Islamic Republic of Iran and Ukraine.The university sector was responsible for more than a fifth of all applications at five of the top 20 origins among middle-income economies,with a particularly large proportion of applications forMorocco(61.8%).Italsoaccou
115、ntedforrelativelyhighsharesamongseveralhigh-incomeeconomies,such as Israel,Singapore and Spain.Governments and PROs were responsible for a relativelylargeproportionofapplicationsoriginatingfromMalaysia(17.2%).Samsung Electronics saw a sharp increase in published PCT applications in 2022For the sixth
116、 year in a row,China-based telecoms giant,Huawei Technologies,was the top PCT applicant,with7,689publishedapplicationsin2022(tableA15).SamsungElectronicsoftheRepublicofKoreacamesecond(4,387),followedbyQualcommoftheUS(3,855),MitsubishiElectricofJapan(2,320)andEricssonofSweden(2,158).Samsung Electroni
117、cs had the fastest growth rate among the top 10 applicants,an increase of 44.3%propellingittosecondspotintheranking.TheNipponTelegraphandTelephoneCorp.(NTT)alsosawsharpgrowth,movingupfivepositionstoseventhplacein2022,withagrowthrateof24.9%.Outside of the top 10 applicants,four companies more than do
118、ubled their number of published PCT applications in 2022,namely,Changxin Memory Technologies,Inc.,Intel Corp.,LG Energy Solution and Fanuc Corp.Thetop50applicantslistfor2022iscomposedofcompaniesfromonlynineorigins.Japanhad17topapplicants,followedbyChina(11),theUS(9),Germany(5)andtheRepublicofKorea(4
119、).Finland,the Netherlands,Saudi Arabia and Sweden each had one listed applicant.Companiesactiveindigitalcommunicationheadedthelistoftop50PCTfilersin2022.Ofthe top 10 applicants,six filed mainly in digital communication,namely,Ericsson,Huawei Technologies,OppoMobileTelecommunications,LGElectronics,Qu
120、alcommInc.andSamsungElectronics(tableA16).PCT Yearly Review 202320 A vast majority of applicants featuring in the top 50 university list are from China and the USAmongeducationalinstitutions,with552publishedapplications,theUniversityofCaliforniaremainedthebiggestuserofthePCTSystemin2022(tableA17).Zh
121、ejiangUniversitycamesecond(309),followedbySuzhouUniversity(303).Twoofthetop50universitiesdoubledtheirpublishedapplicationsin2022,namely,theNanyangTechnological University of Singapore and the Jiangsu University of Science and Technology of China.Among the top 10 educational institutions,the two shar
122、pest increases in applications were for the Republic of Koreas Seoul National University and Chinas Suzhou University.Ofthefifty-oneuniversitiesfromsixcountriesfeaturedinthetop50.ChinaandtheUShad19and 18 universities,respectively.Six were located in the Republic of Korea,four in Japan,and two each i
123、n Singapore and the UK.Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology remained the top PCT applicant in the government and PRO sectorWith486publishedapplications,theShenzhenInstituteofAdvancedTechnologyofChinaremained the top government and PRO applicant in 2022.The German-based Fraunhofer-Gesellschaftzu
124、rFrderungderangewandtenForschungwassecond,with366applications.ItwasfollowedbytheCommissariatlnergieAtomiqueetauxnergiesAlternatives(CEA),theInstitutNationaldelaSantetdelaRechercheMdicale(INSERM)andtheCentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique(CNRS),allthreebasedinFrance(tableA18).Applicantsfrom12countr
125、iesfeaturedinthetop30listfor2022.TheUS(7)hadthehighestnumberoftopapplicants,followedbyChina(4),theRepublicofKorea(4),France(3),Germany(3)andJapan(3).The fields of computer technology and digital communication reported sharp growth in 2022In2022,theelectricalengineeringsectorcomprisednearly39%ofallPC
126、Tapplicationsfiled(figureA3).Itwasfollowedbythechemistry(21.5%),instruments(17.1%)andmechanicalengineering(16.2%)sectors.ElectricalengineeringisthetechnologysectortohaveseenitsshareintotalPCTapplicationsincreasethemostoverthepastdecade,growingfrom34.2%in2012to38.9%in2022.Thetopthreetechnicalfieldsin
127、2022belongtotheelectricalengineeringsector.For a 10th consecutive year,the field of computer technology had the most PCT applications,with 28,224 published in 2022.It was followed by digital communication,electrical machinery,medicaltechnology,andmeasurement(tableA20).Thesetopfivetechnologyfields,co
128、mbined,accountedfor38.5%ofallPCTapplicationspublishedin2022.Eightofthetop10technologyfieldsgrewin2022,withdigitalcommunication(+8.7%)reportingthefastestrateofgrowth,followedbycomputertechnology(+8.1%),semiconductors(+6.8%),biotechnology(+6.7%)andelectricalmachinery(+6.2%).Aftertheparticularlystrongg
129、rowthin health-related technology fields seen last year,in 2022,digital technology fields returned to being the fastest growing fields among PCT applications.In 2022,women accounted for only 17.1%of inventors In2022,womenaccountedfor17.1%ofallinventorslistedinPCTapplicationsandmentheremaining82.9%(f
130、igureA22).Comparedto2021,theproportionofwomeninventorsroseby 0.6percentagepointsin2022.Since2008,theshareofwomeninventorshasexhibitedanalmost continuous increase,with only a slight dip observed in 2011.The share of women inventors has grown in each of the worlds geographical regions over the past10y
131、ears.In2022,theLACregion(22.9%)hadthelargestproportionofwomenamongPCTinventors,followedbyAsia(18.1%),NorthAmerica(16.9%),Europe(15%),Oceania(14.8%)andAfrica(13.6%)(figureA24).A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 21About96%ofPCTapplicationsnamedatleastonemanasinventorin2022,and34.
132、7%namedatleastonewomanasinventor(figureA23).TheshareofPCTapplicationswithatleastonewoman as inventor has risen from one-fifth in 2008 to over one-third in 2022,whereas the share of PCT applications with at least one man as inventor has marginally decreased within the same period,from97.6%to95.8%.The
133、 gender gap among PCT inventors varied considerably between countries.Of the top 20 origins of published PCT applications,China and Trkiye had the largest proportion of inventors whowerewomenin2022(figureA25).Theyweretheonlytwooriginsamongthetop20withnearly one-quarter of women as inventors.In contr
134、ast,Austria had slightly less than one-tenth of women inventors in PCT applications.Technology fields relating to the life sciences had comparatively high shares of women among inventorslistedinPCTapplicationspublishedduring20202022(tableA26).Overall,womenrepresented more than one-quarter of invento
135、rs in the fields of analysis of biological materials,biotechnology,food chemistry,organic fine chemistry and pharmaceuticals.Biotechnology was the technical field with the biggest proportion of women listed as inventors both worldwide and in Asia.Food chemistry was the field with the largest share o
136、f women inventors in Africa,Europe and North America.In LAC and Oceania,analysis of biological materials was the field with the greatest proportion of women among inventors.The top 50 PCT geographical clusters accounted for most PCT filings Combined,thetop50PCTclustersrepresented60.2%ofPCTapplicatio
137、nspublishedbetween2018and2022(tableA28).Overthisperiod,TokyoYokohamawasthelargestPCTcluster,with127,418PCTapplicationsaccountingfor10.1%ofPCTapplications.TokyoYokohamawasfollowed by ShenzhenHong KongGuangzhou,Seoul,and San JoseSan Francisco.The number one cluster in Europe was Paris,ranked in 11thpo
138、sitionglobally.Alltop50PCTclustersarelocated in Asia,Europe and North America.Comparedto20172021,37ofthetop50PCTclustersgrewduring20182022,nineofwhichsawa double-digit increase.Four of the five clusters to record the sharpest growth were in China andoneintheRepublicofKorea:Nanjing(+28.1%),Qingdao(+2
139、3%),ShanghaiSuzhou(+18.2%),Wuhan(+16.9%)andDaejeon(+12.5%).Withinthetop50list,thehighestnumberofclusterswasintheUS(16),China(7),Germany(7)andJapan(4).TheNetherlands,theRepublicofKoreaandtheUKeachhadtwo.ChinaandIndiaweretheonlytwomiddle-incomecountriestohavehadclustersamongthetop50inthe20182022 perio
140、d,with Malaysia contributing to the cluster of Singapore.Computertechnologyrepresentedover10%ofapplicationsinnineofthetop20clustersandwasbyfarthemaintechnologyfieldforSeattle(42.3%),Hangzhou(26.7%)andSanJoseSanFrancisco(22.3%)(tableA29).Digitalcommunicationaccountedforoverone-tenthofpublishedapplica
141、tionsineightofthetop20PCTclusters,notablyinSanDiego(44.3%),ShenzhenHongKongGuangzhou(26.1%)andBeijing(24.7%).MedicaltechnologyaccountedforahighshareofapplicationsinEindhoven(28.7%)andelectricalmachineryinDaejeon(27.7%).PCT Yearly Review 202322 Global trends in PCT applicationsA1.Trend in filings of
142、PCT applications,20082022 24A2.Distribution of PCT applications by region,2012 and 2022 24A3.Distribution of PCT applications by technology sector,2012 and 2022 24PCT applications by receiving officeA4.PCTapplicationsforthetop20receivingoffices,202225A5.PCTapplicationsforselectedreceivingofficesoflo
143、w-andmiddle-income countries,202225PCT applications by originA6.DistributionofPCTapplicationsbyregionandorigin,202226A7.TrendinPCTapplicationsforthetopfiveorigins,1978202226A8.PCTapplicationsforthetop20origins,202227A9.PCTapplicationsforthetopcountriesbyregion,2020202227A10.Conversion ratio of direc
144、t resident patent applications to PCT applications for the top 20 origins,2022 28PCT applications by applicant typeA11.DistributionofPCTapplicationsbyapplicanttype,2008202229A12.Distribution of PCT applications by applicant type for the top 20 origins by income group,202229A13.Share of PCT applicati
145、ons with business and public sector co-applicants for the top 20 origins,2022 30A14.Share of PCT applications with foreign co-applicants for the top 20 origins,2022 30Top PCT applicantsA15.Top50businessPCTapplicants,2020202231A16.Shareoftechnologyfieldsforthetop10businessapplicants,202232A17.Top50un
146、iversityPCTapplicants,2020202233A18.Top 30 government and PRO PCT applicants,20202022 34A19.ShareofthetopthreetechnologyfieldsforthetopfiveuniversitiesandPROs,202235PCT applications by technology fieldA20.PCTapplicationsbytechnologyfield,2018202235A21.Relativespecializationindexforthetop10technology
147、fields,202236Participation of women inventors in PCT applicationsA22.Share of women among listed inventors in PCT applications,20082022 38A23.Share of PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor and with at least one man as inventor,20082022 38A24.Share of women among listed inventors in PC
148、T applications by geographical region,2012,2017and202239A25.ShareofwomenamonglistedinventorsandshareofPCTapplicationswithat leastonewomanasinventorforthetop20origins,202239A26.ShareofwomenamonglistedinventorsinPCTapplicationsbygeographical region and technology field,20202022 40A27.Shareofwomenamong
149、listedinventorsinPCTapplicationsforthetop10origins by technology field,2022 41A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 23Top geographical clusters of inventors in PCT applicationsA28.Top50PCTclusters,2018202242A29.Top15technologyfieldsforthetop20PCTclusters,2018202243Statistical tabl
150、eA30.PCT applications by office and origin,20212022 44PCT Yearly Review 202324 Global trends in PCT applicationsPCT applications grew by 0.3%to reach 278,100 in 2022.A1.Trend in filings of PCT applications,200820222.14.85.811.07.15.14.41.47.24.63.85.03.60.80.3100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000300,0
151、00PCT applications2008200920000022International filing yearPCT APPLICATIONSGROWTH RATE(%)Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Asia was the origin of a majority of the PCT applications filed in 2022.A2.Distributio
152、n of PCT applications by region,2012 and 202240.3%Asia28.0%North America29.8%Europe1.0%Oceania0.7%LAC0.2%Africa0.0%Unknown201254.7%Asia22.2%North America21.8%Europe0.7%Oceania0.5%LAC0.1%Africa0.0%Unknown2022 Note:Datafor2022areWIPOestimates.Eachregionincludesthefollowingnumberoforigins:Africa(22),As
153、ia(36),Europe(44),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC)(24),NorthAmerica(3)andOceania(5).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Electrical engineering accounted for the largest share of PCT applications.A3.Distribution of PCT applications by technology sector,2012 and 202238.9%Electrical engineering2
154、1.5%Chemistry17.1%Instruments16.2%Mechanical engineering6.3%Other fields202234.2%Electrical engineering23.7%Chemistry15.8%Instruments19.5%Mechanical engineering6.8%Other fields2012 Note:For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.WIPOs IPCtechnolo
155、gyconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsintofivecorresponding sectors of technology.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 25PCT applications by receiving officeThe office of China received the most PC
156、T applications in 2022.A4.PCT applications for the top 20 receiving offices,2022ANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)1.32.00.41.47.01.54.52.517.51.80.59.03.54.65.321.14.311.028.23.174,42055,33048,82638,85421,96413,7133,3722,4222,0101,9601,6041,4191,4161,2701,1361,005893878782779PCT applicationsChinaUSJapanEPORepubl
157、ic of KoreaInternational BureauUKFranceTrkiyeCanadaAustraliaIsraelGermanySwedenIndiaSingaporeFinlandSpainRussian FederationNetherlandsReceiving office Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.EPO is the European Patent Office.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.The office of Mexico saw growth of
158、 22.1%in PCT applications in 2022.A5.PCT applications for selected receiving offices of low-and middle-income countries,2022ANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)7.89.022.11.442.722.72.118.835.216.238.638.223.534.55.9325.025.020.00.056.0545847383531715121211PCT applicationsBrazilMalaysiaMexicoS
159、outh AfricaUkraineThailandEgyptIran(Islamic Republic of)MoroccoPeruPhilippinesBulgariaSerbiaKazakhstanJordanAlgeriaColombiaCubaEAPOViet NamReceiving office Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.EAPO is the Eurasian Patent Organization.The selected offices are the top receiving offices of low-and mid
160、dle-income countries not to feature among the top 20 offices.Where available,data for all offices are presented in statistical table A30.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202326 PCT applications by originPCT applications are highly concentrated in just a few origins.A6.Dis
161、tribution of PCT applications by region and origin,2022China25.2%Japan18.1%Republic of Korea7.9%US21.2%Germany6.3%France2.8%UK2.1%Asia,54.7%North America,22.2%Europe,21.8%Oceania,0.7%Latin America and the Caribbean,0.5%Africa,0.1%Unknown,0.0%Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.Source:WIPO Statisti
162、cs Database,March 2023.Over the past decade,China,Japan and US filed the largest numbers of PCT applications.A7.Trend in PCT applications for the top five origins,1978202210,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000PCT applications1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2
163、006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022International filing yearCHINAUSJAPANGERMANYREPUBLIC OF KOREA Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 27Among top 20 origins,India recorded the sharpest increa
164、se in PCT applications in 2022.A8.PCT applications for the top 20 origins,2022ANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)0.60.60.16.21.55.91.71.70.70.76.625.40.17.12.96.65.31.63.66.570,01559,05650,34522,01217,5307,7645,7395,3674,4714,0923,3332,6182,5941,9711,7901,7681,7401,7351,4971,460PCT applicationsChinaUSJapanRepubli
165、c of KoreaGermanyFranceUKSwitzerlandSwedenNetherlandsItalyIndiaCanadaIsraelTrkiyeFinlandSingaporeAustraliaDenmarkSpainOrigin Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Latin America and the Caribbean was the region to have had the highest growth in filings in 20
166、22.A9.PCT applications for the top countries by region,20202022RegionOrigin202020212022Regional share 2022(%)Change from 2021(%)AfricaSouth Africa23722622254.01.8Egypt44546315.316.7Morocco40634110.034.9Mauritius1332215.134.4Algeria147184.4157.1Others45664611.230.3Total*3934484110.18.3AsiaChina68,935
167、69,60470,01546.00.6Japan50,58250,27550,34533.10.1Republic of Korea20,05020,72322,01214.56.2India1,9072,0872,6181.725.4Israel1,9302,1211,9711.37.1Trkiye1,6161,7391,7901.22.9Singapore1,3161,6531,7401.15.3Saudi Arabia9528224700.342.8Iran(IslamicRepublicof)2663633730.22.8Thailand1591471750.119.0Others59
168、46015500.48.5Total*148,307150,135152,05954.71.3EuropeGermany18,49117,26617,53029.01.5France7,7887,3347,76412.85.9UK5,8925,8415,7399.51.7Switzerland5,1355,4615,3678.91.7Sweden4,3564,4414,4717.40.7Netherlands4,0044,1194,0926.80.7Italy3,3993,5683,3335.56.6Finland1,6791,8931,7682.96.6Denmark1,5771,5531,
169、4972.53.6Spain1,4601,5611,4602.46.5Others7,6218,0037,47712.46.6Total*61,40261,04060,49821.80.9Latin America and the CaribbeanBrazil69061654843.511.0Mexico.819.9Chile24416619415.416.9Colombia122981219.623.5Barbados3829504.072.4Peru3538332.613.2Argentina3830312.53.3Antigua and Barbuda513252
170、.0733.3PCT Yearly Review 202328 RegionOrigin202020212022Regional share 2022(%)Change from 2021(%)Cuba1115121.020.0Others6960473.721.7Total*1,4761,2211,2600.53.2North AmericaUS58,43159,40359,05695.80.6Canada2,6062,5962,5944.20.1Bermuda810140.040.0Total*61,04562,00961,66422.20.6OceaniaAustralia1,7221,
171、7631,73583.51.6NewZealand29837133816.38.9Others4250.2150.0Total*2,0242,1362,0780.72.7Unknown2421931300.032.6Total274,889277,182278,100n.a.0.3 Note:Datafor2022areWIPOestimates.Thistableshowsthetopcountriesforeachregion(withamaximumof10perregion)whereapplicantsfiledmorethan10PCTapplicationsin2021.Data
172、foralloriginsarereportedinstatisticaltable A30.*indicates share of world total.n.a.indicates not applicable.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Israels conversion rate of resident patent applications into PCT applications is particularly high.A10.Conversion ratio of direct resident patent app
173、lications to PCT applications for the top 20 origins,20222.291.241.090.990.910.860.730.700.590.590.440.430.330.260.260.260.220.120.100.05PCT to resident filings ratioIsraelSwedenSingaporeAustraliaCanadaSwitzerlandFinlandNetherlandsDenmarkSpainUKFranceGermanyItalyUSJapanTrkiyeRepublic of KoreaIndiaCh
174、inaOrigin Note:Datafor2022areWIPOestimates.Thishypothetical“conversionratio”reflectstheproportionofdirectresidentpatent applications converted into PCT applications.The ratio is defined for the top 20 origins in terms of PCT applications filedin2022dividedbyresidentpatentapplications(includingregion
175、alapplicationsandexcludingPCTnationalphaseentries)filedin2021.Intheory,theconversionratiooughttobebetween0and1.However,itmayexceed1,becausesomeapplications do not have priority claims associated with prior resident filings.For example,an applicant from Israel may forego filing an application at the
176、Israel Patent Office and opt instead to file a first application at the USPTO,then convert that prior filing into a PCT application.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 29PCT applications by applicant typeThe business sector accounted fo
177、r 87.6%of all PCT applications filed in 2022.A11.Distribution of PCT applications by applicant type,20082022BUSINESS SECTOR SHARE(%)83.583.383.283.484.485.085.185.185.384.885.386.486.787.187.60255075100Distribution(%)2008200920000022Publication yearBUSINES
178、SINDIVIDUALUNIVERSITYGOVERNMENT/PRO Note:Thegovernmentandpublicresearchorganization(PRO)sectorincludesprivatenon-profitorganizationsandhospitals.The university sector includes all educational institutions.For confidentiality reasons,data are based on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Datab
179、ase,March 2023.Precisely 98%of all PCT applications originating in Sweden were filed by businesses.A12.Distribution of PCT applications by applicant type for the top 20 origins by income group,2022High-income groupBUSINESS SECTOR SHARE(%)98.096.496.194.294.192.290.787.487.287.186.385.984.583.082.179
180、.776.575.775.358.60255075100Distribution(%)SwedenFinlandJapanSwitzerlandNetherlandsDenmarkGermanyUKBelgiumSaudi ArabiaUSFranceAustriaItalyRepublic of KoreaCanadaIsraelSingaporeAustraliaSpainOriginBUSINESSINDIVIDUALUNIVERSITYGOVERNMENT/PROMiddle-income groupBUSINESS SECTOR SHARE(%)100.088.269.565.760
181、.360.057.256.455.847.543.136.033.833.833.332.021.817.015.93.50255075100Distribution(%)MauritiusChinaThailandSri LankaTrkiyeBulgariaBrazilIndiaMalaysiaRussian FederationColombiaViet NamSouth AfricaMexicoPeruPhilippinesMoroccoUkraineEgyptIran(Islamic Republic of)OriginBUSINESSINDIVIDUALUNIVERSITYGOVER
182、NMENT/PRO Note:The government and PRO sector includes private non-profit organizations and hospitals.The university sector includes all educational institutions.Lower and upper middle-income groups have been merged.Low-income countries are omitted due to insufficient data.For confidentiality reasons
183、,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202330 Collaboration between the business and public sectors was comparatively high in France A13.Share of PCT applications with business and public sector co-applicants
184、 for the top 20 origins,2022PERCENTAGE POINT CHANGE OVER 20086.20.52.71.30.10.40.50.50.60.30.50.40.10.10.10.40.70.30.20.08.62.92.72.31.61.51.41.31.21.11.10.90.80.80.70.70.70.70.20.1Share(%)FranceSingaporeTrkiyeItalyAustraliaRepublic of KoreaDenmarkJapanChinaIsraelUSGermanyCanadaIndiaUKNetherlandsAus
185、triaSwitzerlandFinlandSwedenOrigin Note:The public sector comprises the university sector and the government and PRO sector.The government and PRO sector includes private non-profit organizations and hospitals.The university sector includes all educational institutions.For confidentiality reasons,da
186、ta are based on published applications and on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Applicants residing in the Netherlands filed a relatively large proportion of PCT applications that included foreign co-applicants.A14.Share of PCT applications with foreign co-applicants fo
187、r the top 20 origins,2022PERCENTAGE POINT CHANGE OVER 20080.33.13.720.44.41.32.90.01.73.40.70.02.60.84.70.80.10.90.30.111.37.36.94.93.93.93.13.12.92.82.62.42.11.71.71.61.61.40.30.1Share(%)NetherlandsSwitzerlandSingaporeFinlandCanadaUSUKGermanyFranceIsraelAustraliaDenmarkSwedenJapanIndiaItalyChinaAus
188、triaRepublic of KoreaTrkiyeOrigin Note:Countsarebasedoncorporateapplicantsonly(excludingindividualapplicants)andonallapplicantsnamedinPCTapplications(notonlythefirstnamedapplicant).Forconfidentialityreasons,dataarebasedonpublishedapplicationsand on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Databas
189、e,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 31Top PCT applicantsHuawei Technologies remained by far the top PCT applicant in 2022.A15.Top 50 business PCT applicants,20202022RankingChange in position from 2021ApplicantOriginPublished PCT applications20202021202210HUAWEI TECH
190、NOLOGIES CO.,LTD.China5,4646,9527,68921SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO.,LTD.Republic of Korea3,0933,0414,38731QUALCOMMINCORPORATEDUS2,1733,9313,85541MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATIONJapan2,8102,6732,32053TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGETLMERICSSON(PUBL)Sweden1,9891,8772,15860GUANG DONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.,L
191、TDChina1,8012,2081,96370BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO.,LTDChina1,8921,9801,88475NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATIONJapan1,3721,5081,88495LG ELECTRONICS INC.Republic of Korea2,7592,8851,793100PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO.,LTD.Japan1,6111,7411,776115VIVO MOBILE COMMUNICATION CO.,LTD.
192、China9551,3361,515123SONY GROUP CORPORATIONJapan1,7931,7891,513130ZTECORPORATIONChina1,3161,4931,479141NEC CORPORATIONJapan1,1211,3501,428153ROBERT BOSCH CORPORATIONGermany1,3751,2131,290161MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING,LLCUS1,5291,3031,2711723LG ENERGY SOLUTION,LTD.Republic of Korea05481,186181FUJ
193、IFILM CORPORATIONJapan1,1281,0951,181193MURATA MANUFACTURING CO.,LTD.Japan18821,043200SZDJITECHNOLOGYCO.,LTDChina1,0731,0429202127BEIJING XIAOMI MOBILE SOFTWARE CO.,LTD.China457473913228HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY,L.P.US1,5951,485894232DENSO CORPORATIONJapan1,0629158572412APPLIED MATERIALS,I
194、NC.US1571856250GOOGLE INC.US78APPLE INC.US6INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONUS359576816281SONY SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS CORPORATIONJapan7037327892953CHANGXIN MEMORY TECHNOLOGIES,INC.China61281786302NTT DOCOMO,INC.Japan767713764315KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.Net
195、herlands846758737321NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OYFinland6TENCENTTECHNOLOGY(SHENZHEN)COMPANYLIMITEDChina4705116903411SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO.Saudi Arabia435838680351SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFTGermany1,202623656367AACACOUSTICTECHNOLOGIES(SHENZHEN)CO.,LTD.China2986796203773M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPAN
196、YUS7896606093881INTEL CORPORATIONUS6262095913915LG CHEM,LTD.Republic of Korea1,374824587407HITACHI,LTD.Japan441474563427DAIKIN INDUSTRIES,LTD.Japan4584495364332PINGANTECHNOLOGY(SHENZHEN)CO.,LTD.China1,3041,564521448HITACHI ASTEMO,LTD.Japan0410517458KYOCERA CORPORATIONJapan626562508468BASF SEGermany5
197、42552507465SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHAJapan745543507487BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFTGermany463374489496SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG&CO.KGGermany5295054885154FANUC CORPORATIONJapan3226484527NITTO DENKO CORPORATIONJapan422497473 Note:For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published appli
198、cations and on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202332 Digital communication technologies accounted for the largest proportion of PCT applications for six of the top 10 applicants.A16.Share of technology fields for the top 10 business applicants,2022H
199、uawei Tech.Samsung Electr.QualcommMitsubishiElectr.LM EricssonOPPO MobileTel.CorpBOE Tech.GroupNTT Corp.LG Electr.PanasonicElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecommunicationsDigital communicationBasic communication processesComputer technologyIT methods for managementSemic
200、onductorsOpticsMeasurementAnalysis of biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic materials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,coatingMicro-structural andnano-technologyChemical engine
201、eringEnvironmental technologyHandlingMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,gamesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering2.53.90.418.00.53.10.72.14.229.55.813.03.53.61.512.425.63.46.27.49.412
202、.311.53.713.48.12.012.58.51.443.426.967.44.170.456.01.920.042.51.41.50.51.71.90.90.20.30.90.40.423.624.07.09.28.913.716.328.65.76.80.41.10.12.20.70.20.54.80.33.53.21.22.25.20.10.635.61.73.03.72.72.60.22.50.52.412.08.21.23.33.02.55.47.71.91.71.37.21.28.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.00.11.10.50.46.20.60.
203、30.32.90.42.80.91.90.20.80.00.50.73.50.73.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.40.30.10.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.41.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.00.30.00.30.00.10.30.10.30.60.10.20.00.30.00.10.10.10.82.10.10.30.00.30.00.10.60.80.21.80.10.00.00.10.00.
204、00.20.00.10.20.00.30.00.20.00.00.60.10.81.20.00.20.00.60.00.00.10.10.31.20.01.40.04.80.10.00.10.31.11.40.00.10.01.60.00.00.10.10.92.90.00.20.03.30.00.00.00.01.21.40.00.00.00.40.00.00.00.00.10.20.10.30.00.80.00.10.00.10.80.80.11.50.014.70.00.10.00.12.04.30.20.60.00.90.00.20.20.31.60.31.60.30.15.10.20
205、.10.10.80.72.60.11.50.10.30.10.20.00.25.51.50.22.00.00.80.00.30.00.37.93.40.00.10.00.20.00.00.00.50.81.1ApplicantTechnology field Note:NTT Corp.is the NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION.For confidentiality reasons,data are basedonpublishedapplicationsandonthepublicationdate.WIPOsIPCtechnolog
206、yconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnologyfields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 33Since 1993,the University of California has been the top PCT applicant from the unive
207、rsity sector.A17.Top 50 university PCT applicants,20202022RankingChange in position from 2021ApplicantOriginPublished PCT applications202020212022412UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAUS559551552711ZHEJIANGUNIVERSITYChina20930630973112SUZHOUUNIVERSITYChina461533031248LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITYUS15419421
208、71436BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEMUS136TSINGHUA UNIVERSITYChina233MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYUS26922716117747JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITYUS790SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITYRepublic of Korea052HANYANG UNIVERSITYRepublic of Korea1241211
209、4919247YONSEI UNIVERSITYRepublic of Korea417KOREA UNIVERSITYRepublic of Korea040NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORESingapore96JIANGNAN UNIVERSITYChina898JIANGSU UNIVERSITYChina5992125242293NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYSingapore375411924861UNIVERSITY OF TOK
210、YOJapan149SHENZHENUNIVERSITYChina252KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYRepublic of Korea8495112273112SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYChina520UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANUS96UNIVERSITYOFARIZONAUS858410829553SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITYChina8
211、UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDAUS861109929815SHANDONG UNIVERSITYChina801059830450NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITYUS4OSAKA UNIVERSITYJapan88CORNELL UNIVERSITYUS79709033652HARVARD UNIVERSITYUS7SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERISTYChina6UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAUS76638734912COLUMBIA UN
212、IVERSITYUS8UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTONUS7263833639DUKE UNIVERSITYUS568482363119TOHOKU UNIVERSITYJapan70608237219CATHOLIC UNIVERSITYRepublic of Korea41758037890KYOTO UNIVERSITYJapan761037937862UNIVERSITY OF COLORADOUS776679384192DALIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYChina64HUAZHONGUNIVERS
213、ITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYChina40877341199PEKING UNIVERSITYChina909572421417JIANGSU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYChina9337142148UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGHUS6IMPERIAL INNOVATIONS LTD.UK65417044269OXFORD UNIVERSITY INNOVATION LIMITEDUK9381684518SUN YATSEN UNIVERSITYChina336367465258QING
214、DAOTECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITYChina69SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINAChina33396548612NANJING UNIVERSITYChina306162497199GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYChina314061497-27PURDUE UNIVERSITYUS476261 Note:The university sector includes all types of educational institution.For
215、confidentiality reasons,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202334 The Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology remained the top PCT applicant for the government and PRO sector in 2022.A18.Top 30 governmen
216、t and PRO PCT applicants,20202022RankingChange in position from 2021ApplicantOriginPublished PCT applications202020212022503SHENZHENINSTITUTEOFADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYChina362396486600FRAUNHOFERGESELLSCHAFTZURFRDERUNGDER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.Germany42834336613013COMMISSARIATLNERGIEATOMIQUEETAUXNERGIE
217、S ALTERNATIVESFrance208INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANT ET DE LA RECHERCHEMDICALE(INSERM)France28CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE(CNRS)France0102KOREA ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTERepublic of Korea8374103327122U.S.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESUS4
218、865903349NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYJapan98878933652AGENCY FOR SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCHSingapore128MAXPLANCKGESELLSCHAFTZURFRDERUNGDER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V.Germany555780411186KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGYRepublic of Korea58487242
219、121CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTFICAS(CSIC)Spain66727145131MAYO FOUNDATION FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCHUS73606746525SLOANKETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCHUS546665482105RIKEN(THEINSTITUTEOFPHYSICALANDCHEMICALRESEARCH)Japan394963507281COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEAR
220、CH AN INDIAN REGISTERED BODY INCORPORATED UNDER THE REGN.OF SOC.ACT(ACTXXIOF1860)India46355956443BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTEUS524752573102INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESChina334251638200CITY OF HOPEUS203346638171DEUTSCHESZENTRUMFRLUFTUNDRAUMFAHRT E.V.Germany263446654
221、270NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJKONDERZOEKTNONetherlands767845679193KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGYRepublic of Korea263243730133COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATIONAustralia394840730171SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTEUS2631407
222、3034SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MATERIA MEDICA,CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESChina294040746252NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCEJapan3928397466NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADACanada28373983446KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYRepublic of Korea353535959801DALIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS,C
223、HINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESChina401530988874CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATIONUS161429 Note:The government and PRO sector includes private non-profit organizations and hospitals.For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,M
224、arch 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 35Computer technology accounted for the highest share of PCT applications for the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology and the Zhejiang University.A19.Share of the top three technology fields for the top five universities and PR
225、Os,2022050100Share of publications(%)Stanford UniversitySuzhou UniversityThe University of Texas SystemUniversity of CaliforniaZhejiang UniversityUniversity050100Share of publications(%)CEACNRSFraunhofer-GesellschaftINSERMShenzhen Inst.of Advanced Tech.Public research organizationApplicant Electrica
226、l machinery,apparatus,energyDigital communicationComputer technologySemiconductorsMeasurementAnalysis of biological materialsMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticals Note:CEA is the Commissariat lnergie Atomique et aux nergies Alternatives,CNRS is the Centre national de l
227、a recherche scientifique,Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Frderung der angewandten Forschung,INSERM is the Institut National de la Sant et de la Recherche Mdicale and Shenzhen Inst.of Advanced Tech.is the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology.PROs include private non-pr
228、ofit organizations and hospitals.For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published applications and on the publication date.WIPOs IPC technology concordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnology fields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,Marc
229、h 2023.PCT applications by technology fieldComputer technology and digital communication both recorded fast growth rates in 2022.A20.PCT applications by technology field,20182022Technical fieldPublication year2022 share (%)Change from 2021(%)200212022IElectrical engineering1Electrical mac
230、hinery,apparatus,energy16,55617,19417,36718,23019,3537.16.22Audiovisual technology8,1878,90011,53410,83910,1573.76.33Telecommunications6,1325,8616,4456,3766,4272.40.84Digital communication20,23319,05022,07923,60925,6649.48.75Basic communication processes1,7121,5541,6101,6471,6970.63.06Computer techn
231、ology19,18121,49624,34426,10928,22410.48.17IT methods for management4,8035,7475,8915,2985,3732.01.48Semiconductors7,1838,0488,8628,3468,9133.36.8IIInstruments9Optics7,6108,0188,3717,9207,3982.76.610Measurement10,77511,45112,70412,15812,6464.64.011Analysis of biological materials1,9401,9172,0622,1542
232、,2480.84.412Control5,2125,3635,4575,1815,2521.91.413Medical technology15,79816,91617,50018,55319,0137.02.5IIIChemistry14Organic fine chemistry5,7875,8886,3516,1556,4952.45.515Biotechnology6,6407,4047,9858,7479,3363.46.716Pharmaceuticals9,1309,78610,76712,16012,5554.63.217Macromolecular chemistry,pol
233、ymers4,2494,4254,6564,4794,6531.73.918Food chemistry2,1042,2152,3832,4682,5790.94.519Basic materials chemistry 5,5735,5895,7125,4845,5522.01.220Materials,metallurgy4,3344,4174,6854,3134,6331.77.421Surface technology,coating3,6803,8524,0143,8343,9801.53.822Microstructural and nanotechnology3953904564
234、404220.24.123Chemical engineering4,8865,0745,2855,2305,5042.05.2PCT Yearly Review 202336 Technical fieldPublication year2022 share (%)Change from 2021(%)20021202224Environmental technology2,7322,7053,0202,7712,8411.02.5IVMechanical engineering25Handling5,8895,9546,4136,2586,5772.45.126Mac
235、hine tools4,0774,3004,3154,3084,2821.60.627Engines,pumps,turbines5,6565,3665,1234,4434,3751.61.528Textile and paper machines2,7572,7692,9522,6232,4250.97.529Other special machines6,9597,2367,4837,2327,2772.70.630Thermal processes and apparatus3,8664,0854,3063,9284,0351.52.731Mechanical elements6,187
236、5,9525,8475,1625,0471.92.232Transport10,94111,22711,29010,11710,0553.70.6VOther fields33Furniture,games4,6694,6254,7184,4914,9331.89.834Other consumer goods5,4035,4456,0455,8426,3352.38.435Civil engineering6,1216,3876,5026,3195,9412.26.0 Note:For confidentiality reasons,data are based on published a
237、pplications and on the publication date.WIPOs IPC technologyconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto 35correspondingtechnologyfields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A large proportion of PCT filings from China and Singapore related to computer techn
238、ology.A21.Relative specialization index for the top 10 technology fields,2022SwitzerlandAustraliaGermanyNetherlandsFranceFinlandJapanSwedenIndiaUKCanadaIsraelRepublic of KoreaUSChinaSingapore0.4270.3840.3400.2880.2500.2040.1880.1680.1560.0930.0770.0120.0170.1000.1790.18210.500.51Computer technologyT
239、rkiyeSwitzerlandGermanyNetherlandsFranceUKIndiaIsraelCanadaJapanUSRepublic of KoreaChinaSingaporeFinlandSweden0.8140.7170.6540.6410.5400.5270.5160.5000.4980.2340.0470.0610.2160.3230.5250.59010.500.51Digital communicationSwedenUSIndiaSpainCanadaItalyUKSwitzerlandFranceChinaSingaporeNetherlandsRepubli
240、c of KoreaJapanGermanyAustria0.4270.2870.2610.2480.2410.1880.0800.0790.0320.0040.0020.0310.1620.1790.1930.21110.500.51Electrical machinery,apparatus,energyChinaGermanyJapanRepublic of KoreaSwedenFranceUKCanadaItalyUSTrkiyeAustraliaNetherlandsSwitzerlandIsraelIreland0.2520.1560.1390.0280.0230.0040.07
241、00.0800.0830.1850.2010.2910.3080.3270.4070.60310.500.51Medical technologyA.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 37JapanGermanyChinaNetherlandsRepublic of KoreaFranceSpainItalyUKCanadaSwitzerlandUSTrkiyeIsraelBelgiumIndia0.4960.3130.1440.0750.0480.0120.0370.0770.1860.2190.2200.2460.
242、2810.2870.3500.49810.500.51PharmaceuticalsSwedenRepublic of KoreaItalyUSChinaFinlandUKNetherlandsFranceSingaporeJapanSwitzerlandIsraelGermanyCanadaSaudi Arabia0.2370.1380.1030.0620.0410.0390.0240.0310.0330.0530.0760.0800.1610.1660.2210.44710.500.51MeasurementSwitzerlandIsraelSwedenGermanyUKCanadaNet
243、herlandsFranceAustraliaAustriaSingaporeUSFinlandJapanRepublic of KoreaChina0.7090.5580.4630.4010.3760.3650.3550.3120.2750.2620.2430.1950.1150.1190.1320.21610.500.51Audio-visual technologyRepublic of KoreaUSChinaSwitzerlandNetherlandsJapanUKCanadaTrkiyeAustraliaAustriaItalySwedenIndiaGermanyFrance0.2
244、830.2640.1520.0350.0180.0360.0740.1100.1550.1570.2210.2460.2540.2960.4200.45810.500.51TransportJapanSwedenItalyGermanyChinaSingaporeFranceNetherlandsRepublic of KoreaSwitzerlandCanadaIsraelUKUSDenmarkBelgium0.3030.2950.2310.2070.1780.0340.0130.0230.0360.0900.1570.2120.2320.2500.3590.39010.500.51Biot
245、echnologyAustraliaItalyFinlandUKNetherlandsIsraelSwitzerlandCanadaFranceAustriaGermanyUSRepublic of KoreaChinaSingaporeJapan0.7890.7190.5850.5290.4380.4360.3570.3550.2920.2680.2370.1050.0400.1340.1480.20810.500.51Semiconductors Note:This index corrects for the effects of country size and focuses on
246、concentration in specific technology fields;it captures whether applicants in a country tend to have a lower or a higher propensity to file in certain technology fields.It is calculated using the following formula:where FC and Fr denote applications from country C and in a technology field R.A posit
247、ive value for a technology indicates that a country has a relatively high share of PCT filings related to that technology field.For confidentiality reasons,data arebasedonpublishedapplicationsandonthepublicationdate.WIPOsIPCtechnologyconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvert
248、IPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnologyfields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202338 Participation of women inventors in PCT applicationsIn 2022,the share of women listed as inventors grew slowly to 17.1%.A22.Share of women among listed inventors in PCT applications,2008
249、20220.00.30.70.10.10.20.50.50.60.40.50.50.81.00.6516171819Share of women inventors(%)2008200920000022Publication yearSHARE OF WOMEN INVENTORSPERCENTAGE POINT CHANGE Note:Due to alterations in methodology,data may have changed compared to past re
250、porting.For further details on methodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.In 2022,about 96%of all PCT applications listed at least one man as inventor,whereas only around 35%listed at least one woman as inventor.A23.Share of PCT applications w
251、ith at least one woman as inventor and with at least one man as inventor,2008202220253035 Share of applicationswith women inventors(%)20082000229092949698100Share of applicationswith men inventors(%)2008200022Publication year Note:Due to alterations in met
252、hodology,data may have changed compared to past reporting.For further details on methodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 39The share of PCT applications with women as inventors has gr
253、own in every region over the past decade.A24.Share of women among listed inventors in PCT applications by geographical region,2012,2017 and 20220102030Share of women inventors(%)LACAsiaWorldNorth AmericaEuropeOceaniaAfricaRegion201220172022 Note:LAC is Latin America and the Caribbean.Due to alterati
254、ons in methodology,data may have changed compared to past reporting.For further details on methodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Almost one-quarter of inventors listed in PCT applications from China and Trkiye were women.A25.Share of wome
255、n among listed inventors and share of PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor for the top 20 origins,2022 SHARE OF PCT APPLICATIONS WITH WOMEN INVENTORS(%)34.247.934.434.937.830.731.934.934.632.626.731.422.426.231.625.323.822.623.616.124.124.019.217.817.017.016.616.616.215.715.415.315.2
256、14.614.313.111.611.310.89.0Share of women inventors(%)TrkiyeChinaFranceNetherlandsUSIsraelSwitzerlandRepublic of KoreaSingaporeSwedenDenmarkCanadaItalyAustraliaFinlandUKIndiaGermanyJapanAustriaOrigin Note:Data are based on published applications and on the publication date.For further details on met
257、hodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202340 Gender parity among inventors was close to being achieved in PCT applications from the LAC region related to the analysis of biological materials during the period 20202022.A26.S
258、hare of women among listed inventors in PCT applications by geographical region and technology field,20202022AfricaAsiaEuropeLatin Americaand theCaribbeanNorth AmericaOceaniaWorldElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecommunicationsDigital communicationBasic communication pr
259、ocessesComputer technologyIT methods for managementSemiconductorsOpticsMeasurementAnalysis of biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic materials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,c
260、oatingMicro-structural andnano-technologyChemical engineeringEnvironmental technologyHandlingMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,gamesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering8.514.08.33.51
261、1.012.712.415.48.313.212.69.314.323.113.710.20.013.210.113.16.722.014.67.717.55.619.410.15.08.75.78.817.918.211.913.814.411.316.113.519.012.04.116.212.317.220.015.010.40.013.316.214.314.310.51.713.010.213.46.915.810.118.012.612.413.735.028.327.947.825.430.727.412.114.58.613.811.29.412.514.018.016.01
262、9.916.614.417.027.324.129.136.023.124.025.128.930.732.745.828.130.630.229.329.832.843.926.125.029.217.923.134.619.820.819.536.428.533.631.129.625.030.124.318.924.329.521.316.221.010.814.717.021.514.916.415.314.415.417.215.720.615.020.415.530.815.616.417.710.916.515.517.514.816.015.80.016.313.418.213
263、.813.315.16.113.47.314.811.26.311.112.95.86.18.810.010.29.411.95.36.07.93.28.718.315.613.215.319.216.91.916.413.417.313.813.714.80.014.27.84.58.17.411.90.011.24.67.46.85.08.110.412.36.58.17.45.09.514.315.88.112.612.010.113.117.215.713.220.117.320.215.44.313.65.77.19.06.610.1RegionTechnology field No
264、te:This table shows the share of women inventors for every region and each technical field in which at least 10 inventors are listed.For further details on methodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.WIPOs IPC technologyconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertI
265、PCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnology fields.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 41Women accounted for 43.4%of all inventors listed in PCT applications from applicants residing in Sweden and active in food chemistry.A27.Share of women
266、among listed inventors in PCT applications for the top 10 origins by technology field,2022ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceUKSwitzerlandSwedenNetherlandsElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecommunicationsDigital communicationBasic communication processesComputer te
267、chnologyIT methods for managementSemiconductorsOpticsMeasurementAnalysis of biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic materials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,coatingMicro-struct
268、ural andnano-technologyChemical engineeringEnvironmental technologyHandlingMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,gamesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering21.611.18.413.16.511.88.010.89.2
269、8.923.112.78.812.17.410.04.69.89.012.020.513.47.610.35.110.76.69.212.49.327.117.617.713.98.811.65.911.718.29.117.28.83.64.54.612.16.21.25.02.922.814.311.113.810.613.310.412.611.818.625.816.113.521.111.213.312.512.011.725.223.913.48.814.28.316.315.55.620.89.421.412.99.612.18.420.38.912.85.08.723.312.
270、68.712.97.512.510.79.611.011.336.425.617.730.126.731.823.626.720.427.521.711.09.513.28.010.27.210.611.016.824.416.713.315.013.417.813.413.123.919.327.623.117.326.426.240.520.525.225.529.434.528.218.035.027.735.829.232.029.828.732.926.118.731.828.439.925.531.329.832.225.019.814.518.722.524.919.820.83
271、4.421.232.129.723.431.725.838.327.732.943.434.328.021.615.317.523.729.518.322.623.623.322.914.89.413.513.023.315.413.414.120.323.516.012.311.713.819.08.916.514.519.626.315.810.019.312.217.715.87.49.14.922.514.79.914.914.519.814.713.69.018.123.713.69.411.99.422.312.35.711.810.019.811.48.911.96.08.95.
272、79.77.810.922.08.76.412.85.110.17.35.26.75.320.18.04.69.73.86.96.52.84.66.428.415.713.016.89.721.914.013.813.218.623.614.110.616.511.615.69.216.810.916.220.78.27.612.18.410.13.31.810.811.017.76.56.29.94.04.33.76.45.45.919.97.66.910.35.99.45.05.35.95.918.812.110.913.77.811.15.29.38.213.619.617.510.21
273、4.411.220.012.311.811.227.319.49.36.29.64.59.55.26.04.30.8OriginTechnology field Note:For further details on methodology,refer to www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics.WIPOs IPC technology concordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnology fields.
274、Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202342 Top geographical clusters of inventors in PCT applicationsTokyoYokohama accounted for about 10%of all PCT applications published during the period 20182022.A28.Top 50 PCT clusters,20182022RankingChange in position from 20172021Clust
275、erOriginPCT applicationsShare of total PCT applications(%)Change from 20172021(%)10TokyoYokohamaJapan127,41810.12.520ShenzhenHong KongGuangzhouChina/China,Hong Kong SAR 113,482 9.07.030SeoulRepublic of Korea63,4475.19.940San JoseSan Francisco,CAUS47,2693.85.450OsakaKobeKyotoJapan 38,413 3.15.160Beij
276、ingChina38,0673.07.670ShanghaiSuzhouChina32,9242.618.280San Diego,CAUS23,2611.99.891BostonCambridge,MAUS 18,184 1.47.2101NagoyaJapan17,7361.43.7110ParisFrance15,1761.23.3120New York City,NYUS 13,838 1.11.8132DaejeonRepublic of Korea12,2751.012.5140Los Angeles,CAUS11,5560.93.9152Seattle,WAUS11,4720.9
277、2.4160HangzhouChina10,7550.98.5170MunichGermany 10,248 0.85.9181StuttgartGermany9,3420.71.9191Houston,TXUS8,4750.77.7200EindhovenNetherlands7,9820.60.8210CologneGermany7,4660.63.6224QingdaoChina7,2860.623.0231Tel AvivJerusalemIsrael7,2680.60.0244NanjingChina7,1430.628.1252Minneapolis,MNUS6,6250.51.6
278、264WuhanChina6,2500.516.9272StockholmSweden6,0690.50.8281LondonUK5,9810.511.1295Chicago,ILUS5,7630.56.2303Washington,DCBaltimore,MDUS5,5250.411.5310Frankfurt am MainGermany5,4100.43.6320Philadelphia,PAUS5,3900.43.6331SingaporeSingapore/Malaysia4,8610.47.0347Portland,ORUS4,7690.414.8353BengaluruIndia
279、 4,342 0.311.3361AmsterdamRotterdamNetherlands 4,230 0.31.8371HeidelbergMannheimGermany3,9410.30.4381TaipeiHsinchuTaiwan,Province of China3,9070.34.6394ZrichSwitzerland3,7590.35.1403KanazawaJapan3,6870.36.6410BerlinGermany3,6240.30.1420NurembergErlangenGermany3,6190.30.4433Cincinnati,OHUS3,4600.36.8
280、442Dallas,TXUS3,4580.34.9453CambridgeUK3,1460.31.3463CopenhagenDenmark 3,123 0.21.2474Denver,COUS 3,084 0.211.4481BrusselsAntwerpBelgium3,0790.21.6491Raleigh,NCUS3,0570.20.2502HelsinkiFinland 2,841 0.26.6 Note:For further details on methodology,refer to the Special theme of the 2020 edition of the P
281、CT Yearly Review.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 43San Diego had a high concentration of applications relating to digital communication in 20182022.A29.Top 15 technology fields for the top 20 PCT clusters,20182022Digital communicati
282、onComputer technologyElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyMedical technologyAudio-visual technologyMeasurementSemiconductorsOpticsPharmaceuticalsTransportTelecommunicationsBiotechnologyIT methods for managementControlOrganic fine chemistryAll other fieldsTokyoYokohamaShenzhenHong KongGuangzhouSeoulS
283、an JoseSan Francisco,CAOsakaKobeKyotoBeijingShanghaiSuzhouSan Diego,CABostonCambridge,MANagoyaParisNew York City,NYDaejeonLos Angeles,CASeattle,WAHangzhouMunichStuttgartHouston,TXEindhoven4.99.08.35.65.45.44.75.41.34.72.21.63.13.21.833.526.119.65.72.77.23.52.43.51.02.45.91.02.32.60.513.813.510.36.36
284、.47.22.74.33.03.92.25.23.03.61.32.224.911.422.34.17.84.94.65.94.05.31.72.55.93.61.81.812.51.83.513.15.34.36.86.04.32.52.32.62.31.12.62.139.024.717.43.22.79.14.08.44.92.41.62.52.32.42.01.211.59.610.57.86.14.74.52.82.96.83.22.23.91.61.95.326.344.37.21.34.14.73.61.71.15.90.68.24.90.51.02.18.81.96.73.21
285、1.82.14.41.62.020.21.01.416.21.21.35.619.51.72.820.13.26.46.83.32.10.612.00.90.90.63.40.634.76.76.16.34.51.75.20.82.64.011.91.83.41.11.85.136.74.313.01.99.91.13.41.61.315.50.81.67.55.31.88.822.41.52.927.72.21.95.35.13.22.92.20.92.50.90.65.235.03.410.44.020.97.63.71.23.48.22.91.95.12.91.71.720.913.14
286、2.32.03.53.92.10.82.64.31.02.64.06.41.20.89.410.226.73.56.35.04.71.51.22.62.42.32.110.82.41.716.613.39.78.43.32.86.01.31.71.913.03.41.81.63.90.926.83.45.113.62.81.711.71.42.00.813.21.11.00.63.40.238.11.17.11.83.31.18.70.30.74.11.10.62.90.91.13.361.83.29.613.928.71.97.72.110.10.31.21.90.50.81.40.116.
287、2617181920RankTechnology fieldCluster Note:For further details on methodology,refer to the Special theme of the 2020 edition of the PCT Yearly Review.WIPOsIPCtechnologyconcordancetable(availableat:www.wipo.int/ipstats)wasusedtoconvertIPCsymbolsinto35correspondingtechnologyfield
288、s.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202344 Statistical tableA30.PCT applications by office and origin,20212022NamePCT applications filed in 2022 (international phase)PCT applications filed in 2021 (international phase)At receiving officeBy country of originAt receiving off
289、iceBy country of originAfrican Intellectual Property Organization3n.a.3n.a.African Regional Intellectual Property Organization0n.a.2n.a.Albania2400Algeria171847Andorran.a.4n.a.7Angola(c)0001Antigua and Barbuda02503Argentinan.a.31n.a.30Armenia0714Australia1,6041,7351,6121,763Austria4591,4275161,579Az
290、erbaijan4455Bahamasn.a.4n.a.4Bahrain0704Bangladeshn.a.0n.a.2Barbados(c)050029Belarus10142020Belgium01,30501,389Belize0103Benin(d)0100Bermudan.a.14n.a.10Bhutann.a.1n.a.0Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)n.a.1n.a.0Bosnia and Herzegovina441012Botswana0003Brazil541548587616Brunei Darussalam0000Bulgaria213734
291、47BurkinaFaso(d)0000Cabo Verde0000Cambodia0002Cameroon(d)0404Canada1,9602,5941,9952,596CentralAfricanRepublic(d)0000Chad(d)0000Chile6China74,42070,01573,45269,604Colombia151211298Comoros(d)0101Congo(d)0000Costa Rica0325CtedIvoire(d)0100Croatia10191438Cuba12121515Curaaon.a.2n.a.1Cyprus2522
292、58Czech Republic1Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea3411Democratic Republic of the Congon.a.1n.a.0Denmark3161,4973901,553Djibouti0000Dominica0100Dominican Republic3601Ecuador16415Egypt47634854El Salvador0000EquatorialGuinea(d)0000Estonia134250Eswatini(a)0000Eurasian Patent Organization12
293、n.a.12n.a.A.Statistics on the international phase:PCT applications 45NamePCT applications filed in 2022 (international phase)PCT applications filed in 2021 (international phase)At receiving officeBy country of originAt receiving officeBy country of originEuropean Patent Office38,854n.a.38,322n.a.Fin
294、land8931,7689331,893France2,4227,7642,3627,334Gabon(d)0401Gambia(a)0000Georgia781318Germany1,41617,5301,46717,266Ghana0001Greece751407991Grenada0000Guatemala0102Guinea(d)0100Guinea-Bissau(d)0000Holy Seen.a.1n.a.2Honduras0101HungaryIceland9411230India1,1362,6181,1992,087Indonesia4969Intern
295、ational Bureau13,713n.a.13,506n.a.Iran(IslamicRepublicof)3837332363Iraq3300Ireland980612908Israel1,4191,9711,5602,121Italy4033,3334963,568Jamaica1205Japan48,82650,34549,04050,275Jordan18261724Kazakhstan19252931Kenya4569Kuwait0407Kyrgyzstan0000LaoPeoplesDemocraticRepublic(c)0100Latvia15451339Lebanonn
296、.a.7n.a.3Lesotho0000Liberia0000Libya0301Liechtenstein(b)02020269Lithuania039047Luxembourg03080345Madagascar(c)0101Malawi0000Malaysia5Mali(d)0001Malta048047Marshall Islandsn.a.1n.a.0Mauritania(d)0000Mauritius021032Mexico6Micronesia(FederatedStatesof)n.a.1n.a.0Monaco015020Mongoli
297、a0301Montenegro(c)0422Morocco35415463Mozambique(a)0000Namibia(a)04010Netherlands7794,0928044,119NewZealand1Nicaragua0000Niger(d)0000Nigeria(c)0405North Macedonia1457Norway320801288721Oman781012Pakistann.a.2n.a.1PCT Yearly Review 202346 NamePCT applications filed in 2022 (international pha
298、se)PCT applications filed in 2021 (international phase)At receiving officeBy country of originAt receiving officeBy country of originPanama18012Papua New Guinea0000Paraguayn.a.0n.a.1Peru31333738Philippines27314450Poland1Portugal3422645252Qatar25292327Republic of Korea21,96422,01220,52520,
299、723Republic of Moldova5433Romania30411725Russian Federation7828391,089981Rwanda0000Saint Kitts and Nevis0003SaintLucia(c)0100SaintVincentandtheGrenadines(c)0000Samoa0302San Marino0806SaoTomeandPrincipe(c)0000Saudi Arabia2347032822Senegal(d)0002Serbia21291723Seychelles0202SierraLeone(a)0001Singapore1
300、,0051,7408301,653Slovakia22442439Slovenia411213196South Africa7222271226Spain8781,4609871,561SriLanka(c)020039Sudan2333Sweden1,2704,4711,3314,441Switzerland455,367325,461Syrian Arab Republic2256Tajikistan0000Thailand5817575147Togo(d)0000Trinidad and Tobago2402Tunisia37814Trkiye2,0101,7901,7101,739Tu
301、rkmenistan0100Uganda0204Ukraine5978103132UnitedArabEmirates(c)01090125United Kingdom3,3725,7393,5305,841UnitedRepublicofTanzania(a)0001United States of America55,33059,05656,45459,403Uruguayn.a.6n.a.5Uzbekistan1113Viet Nam11272534Zambia0000Zimbabwe0201Others01300193Total278,100278,100277,182277,182
302、Note:Data for 2022 are WIPO estimates.(a)TheAfricanRegionalIntellectualPropertyOrganization(ARIPO)isthecompetentreceivingoffice.(b)TheOfficeofSwitzerlandisthecompetentreceivingoffice.(c)TheInternationalBureauisthecompetentreceivingoffice.(d)TheAfricanIntellectualPropertyOrganization(OAPI)isthecompet
303、entreceivingoffice.n.a.indicates not applicable,as it is not an office of a PCT member state,or else the office does not act as a PCT receiving office.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.47Highlights PCT national phase entries increased sharply by 7.6%in 2021ThenumberofPCTnationalphaseentries
304、(NPEs)initiatedworldwidereached715,200applicationsin2021thelatestyearforwhichdataareavailable.Thisfigurerepresentsa7.6%increaseonthepreviousyear(figureB1)andmarksthebiggestsurge in NPEs since 2010,mainly driven by an increase in filings from China and the US.Conversely,NPEshaddeclinedby1.6%in2020,du
305、elargelytoadropinNPEsfromGermany,Japan and the US.In2021,non-residentapplicationsaccountedfor83.5%ofallNPEs,asharethathasremained quite stable since 2013.Most resident NPEs originated from the Japan PatentOffice(JPO)andtheUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOffice(USPTO),whichaccountedfor32%and23.8%ofglob
306、alresidentNPEs,respectively(figureB11).Asian applicants initiated the most PCT NPEs worldwideIn2021,AsiaremainedthetopregionforPCTNPEs,initiating36%ofallNPEsworldwide.This figure marks a sharp increase of nearly 10 percentage points over 2011,whenAsiaaccountedfor26.5%ofglobalNPEs(figureB2).In2021,Eu
307、ropeandNorthAmericawerethenextlargestregions,eachaccountingforaround30%ofallNPEs.Africa,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC)andOceania,combined,accountedfornearly2%ofglobalNPEs.All top 20 NPE origins experienced growth in 2021.Among top 10 origins,China saw thebiggestincreaseinNPEs,withagrowthrateof20.1
308、%,followedbySwitzerlandat15.4%andtheUSat10.1%(figureB5).Meanwhile,theNetherlands,GermanyandJapanrecordedmoremodestgrowthratesof1.1%,1.4%and1.7%,respectively.Ofthe169,483NPEsreceivedattheUSPTO,applicantsfromtheUS(22.1%ofthetotal),Japan(19.3%)andChina(10.3%)initiatedthelargestshares(figureB11).Combine
309、d,thesesamethreeeconomiesalsoaccountedforthemajorityofNPEsinitiatedat17ofthe top 20 offices,among which were the JPO,the EPO and the office of India.Applicants from the US accounted for the highest shares of NPEs at 14 of the top 20 offices,while applicants residing in Japan accounted for the highes
310、t shares at the other six offices.Morespecifically,US-basedapplicantswereresponsibleforbetween43%and49%ofallNPEsinitiatedattheofficesofAustralia,Canada,Israel,MexicoandNewZealand,while Japan-based applicants initiated a large proportion of NPEs at the offices of Germany(51.9%),Japan(38.2%)andThailan
311、d(36.6%).B.Statistics on PCT national phase entriesPCT Yearly Review 202348 PCT System share in total non-resident patent applications globally grew to almost 59%in 2021 In2021,thePCTroutewasusedfor58.9%ofnon-residentpatentapplicationsworldwide,resultinginatotalof598,600non-residentNPEsinitiated.Thi
312、smarksa2percentagepointsincreaseonthepreviousyear(56.9%),representingthehighestconcentrationofnon-residentfilingsinNPEstodate(figureB12).ComparedtotheParisroute,whereapplicantsfiled417,300non-resident patent applications directly at offices,the PCT route has grown the fastest,with an averageannualgr
313、owthrateof2.9%between2012and2021,ascomparedto1.2%fortheParisroute.Outofthetop20officesfornon-residentpatentapplications,16receivedmorethantwo-thirdsof non-resident filings through the PCT route.Notably,the offices of Brazil and Israel had PCT routesharesabove93%.Conversely,theofficesofGermanyandtheU
314、Khadsharesofunderone-third(figureB14).Amongthetop20originsforfilingapplicationsabroad,applicantsfromAustralia(72.7%),Sweden(72.6%),andtheUS(69.6%)usedthePCTrouteforthemajorityoffilings.Conversely,applicants from Canada,India,Israel,the Republic of Korea and Singapore primarily filed their patentappl
315、icationsdirectlywithforeignofficesthroughtheParisroute(figureB13).Applicants residing in Australia,Denmark and Switzerland initiated a high number of NPEs foreveryPCTapplicationfiled,averagingbetween4.5and4.8NPEsperPCTapplication.Incontrast,applicantsfromChinaandTrkiyeaveraged1and0.9NPEperPCTapplica
316、tion,respectively(figureB7).Huawei created by far the most foreign-oriented patent families using the PCT between 2017 and 2019For a second consecutive year,Huawei of China was the company that created the highest numberofforeign-orientedpatentfamiliesusingthePCTroute,with9,092suchfamiliescreatedbet
317、ween2017and2019(figureB16).ItwasfollowedbySamsungElectronics,MitsubishiandBOETechnologyGroup,eachhavingbetween5,000and7,000families.Withinthetop10companies,LGElectronics(+75.1%),SamsungElectronics(+16.5%)andHuawei(+11.3%)sawthesharpestincreasesinforeign-orientedpatentfamiliescreatedusingthePCTascomp
318、aredto20162018.Halfofthetop50applicantsintermsofforeign-orientedpatentfamiliesbetween2017and2019reliedprimarilyonthePCTSystemtoprotecttheirinnovationsabroad(tableB17).NipponTelegraph&TelephoneandZTEusedthePCTrouteforover99%offoreign-orientedpatentfamilies.Altogether,11ofthetop50applicantsusedthePCTr
319、outeforover90%oftotalforeign-oriented patent families.In contrast,several other applicants with a high number of foreign-oriented patent families relied for very few on the PCT System,for instance,Ford Global Technologies,Northeastern University and Toyota Motor.B.Statistics on PCT national phase en
320、tries 49Global trends in PCT national phase entriesB1.TrendinPCTnationalphaseentries,2007202150B2.PCTnationalphaseentriesbyregion,2011and202150National phase entries by originB3.DistributionofPCTnationalphaseentriesbyregionandorigin,202151B4.TrendsinPCTnationalphaseentriesforthetopfiveorigins,200720
321、2151B5.PCTnationalphaseentriesforthetop20origins,202151B6.PCTnationalphaseentriesforthetoporiginsbyregion,2019202152B7.AveragenumberofnationalphaseentriesperPCTapplicationforthetop20 origins,202153National phase entries by officeB8.TrendsinPCTnationalphaseentriesforthetopfiveoffices,2007202153B9.Flo
322、wofnationalphaseentriesbetweenregionsoforiginandregionsofdestination,202154B10.PCTnationalphaseentriesforthetop20offices,202155B11.Flow of national phase entries for the top 20 offices and the top 10 origins as apercentageoftotalnationalphaseentriesatrespectiveoffices,202155Patent applications by fi
323、ling routeB12.Trendinnon-residentpatentapplicationsbyfilingroute,2007202156B13.ShareofPCTnationalphaseentriesintotalfilingsabroadforthetop20origins,202156B14.Share of PCT national phase entries in total non-resident filings for the top 20 offices,202157B15.ShareofPCTnationalphaseentriesintotalnon-re
324、sidentfilingsforthetop10origins andthetop20offices,202157Top applicants in foreign-oriented patent familiesB16.Top20applicantsinforeign-orientedpatentfamiliesusingthePCTSystem,2017201958B17.Top50applicantsinforeign-orientedpatentfamilies,20142016and2017201959Statistical tableB18.PCTnationalphaseentr
325、iesbyofficeandorigin,2020202160PCT Yearly Review 202350 Global trends in PCT national phase entriesIn 2021,PCT national phase entries grew by 7.6%,the most since 2010.B1.Trend in PCT national phase entries,200720219.17.34.38.04.96.54.25.24.81.32.42.64.41.67.6100,000300,000500,000700,000PCT national
326、phase entries200720082009200001920202021Application yearPCT NATIONAL PHASE ENTRIESANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)Note:WIPO estimates.National phase data from patent offices are available up to 2021.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Asia accounted for the biggest propo
327、rtion of PCT national phase entries in 2021.B2.PCT national phase entries by region,2011 and 202126.5%Asia38.1%Europe30.1%North America1.5%Oceania0.6%LAC0.2%Africa3.0%Unknown201136.0%Asia30.6%Europe30.0%North America1.3%Oceania0.5%LAC0.1%Africa1.5%Unknown2021 Note:Eachregionincludesthefollowingnumbe
328、roforigins:Africa(31),Asia(45),Europe(45),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC)(32),NorthAmerica(2)andOceania(5).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.B.Statistics on PCT national phase entries 51National phase entries by originApplicants from Japan and the US combined initiated 47.5%of all PCT nati
329、onal phase entries in 2021.B3.Distribution of PCT national phase entries by region and origin,2021Japan19.1%China8.7%Republic of Korea5.1%Germany8.0%France3.9%UK3.4%Switzerland3.3%Netherlands2.2%Sweden2.1%US28.4%Asia,36.0%Europe,30.6%North America,30.0%Oceania,1.3%Latin America and the Caribbean,0.5
330、%Africa,0.1%Unknown,1.5%Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Ever since the PCT System began,applicants from the US have initiated year-on-year the highest number of PCT national phase entries worldwide.B4.Trends in PCT national phase entries for the top five origins,2007202150,000100,000150,0
331、00200,000PCT national phase entries200720082009200001920202021YearUSJAPANGERMANYCHINAREPUBLIC OF KOREA Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.Several origins,such as China and the US,saw double-digit growth.B5.PCT national phase entries for the top 20 origins,202
332、1ANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)10.11.720.11.47.06.98.315.41.15.47.122.74.83.810.36.99.42.48.811.7203,081136,52161,99757,56836,57528,04024,380 23,24715,702 14,66511,706 11,6408,2288,0006,7526,4825,7515,6054,7164,541PCT national phase entriesUSJapanChinaGermanyRepublic of KoreaFranceUKSwitzerlandNetherlandsSwe
333、denItalyCanadaIsraelAustraliaDenmarkBelgiumFinlandAustriaIndiaSpainOrigin Source:WIPO Statistics Database,March 2023.PCT Yearly Review 202352 Africa was the region where PCT national phase entries grew the most in 2021.B6.PCT national phase entries for the top origins by region,20192021RegionOriginYearRegional share 2021(%)Change from 2020(%)201920202021AfricaSouth Africa74373076172.64.2Morocco484