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1、Commissioned by CTIASpectrum Allocation in the United StatesAn analysis of the current state of radio spectrum allocation across key stakeholders,the increasing need for licensed spectrum,and potential paths forward Executive Summary12345+Executive SummaryThis study explores the current state of rad
2、io spectrum(spectrum)allocation in the US and how additional licensed spectrum will enable wireless providers to continue expanding 5G connectivity and unlock 5G-enabled innovation.12xMore spectrum than is currently available to commercial wireless*7xMore spectrum than is currently available to comm
3、ercial wireless*Lower Mid-Band Spectrum Distribution(mid-2022 availability)Government Spectrum(3300 MHz)*Of the 450 MHz allocated to commercial wireless use,270 MHz are currently available,and an additional 180 MHz are assumed to be made available by the end of 2023 pending clearing of the second tr
4、anche of C-Band.For the purposes of the analysis contained in this report,Commercial Wireless Spectrum refers to flexible and/or cellular point to multipoint licenses.*With an additional 180 MHz of spectrum made available to commercial wireless,unlicensed and government users will have 4x and 7x mor
5、e spectrum than commercial wireless,respectively.Unlicensed Spectrum(1910 MHz)Commercial Wireless Spectrum(270 MHz)*5G brings new promises of greater capacity,lower latency and faster speeds.With 90%of all mobile subscriptions in North America forecasted to be using 5G networks by 2027,alongside the
6、 expected growth in industrial 5G connections,1the commercial wireless industry will need additional spectrum to bolster networks and ensure 5G connectivity reaches its full potential.In assessing the current state of spectrum allocation in the US,it becomes clear that several imbalances could hinde
7、r the ability of wireless networks to keep up with projected growth and increased demand.In the lower mid-band,defined for the purposes of this study as the range of radio frequencies between 3 to 8.4 GHz*,the commercial wireless industry currently has access to only 5%5%*of spectrum.By comparison,u
8、nlicensed spectrum users have access to over 7x7x*that amount(36%),and government stakeholders have access to over 12x12x*the amount of spectrum(61%).This relative imbalance is particularly critical given that the lower mid-band is essential for supporting the type and amount of new data traffic ass
9、ociated with 5G services due to its ability to satisfy both coverage and capacity requirements.Expected to be available end of 2023*While there is no set rule for dividing between low-,mid-,and high-band spectrum,we have chosen dividing lines that best reflect recent allocation decisionsmade by poli
10、cymakers with knowledge of forthcoming 5G service deployments.To further expand on one such delineation we made:while we selected 3 GHz as the dividing line between low-and the lower mid-band,the 2.5 GHz band-first allocated about two decades ago shares many of the same characteristics of the identi
11、fied lower mid-band spectrum(e.g.,large bandwidth,use of time division duplexing,and propagation ability).Executive Summary12345+To date,the commercial wireless industry has delivered quality services to consumers by rapidly deploying the limited licensed mid-band spectrum available,being as spectra
12、lly efficient as possible,optimizing traffic,and repurposing bands(commonly known as“re-farming”)to meet evolving demand.2However,if the relative imbalances in spectrum allocation are not addressed with more licensed spectrum made available to commercial wireless providers,consumers,businesses and p
13、ublic services will bear the burden of the expected network strainthrough diminished quality and availability of services,and an inability to deliver on the full promise of 5G use cases which are poised to transform the economy and help tackle climate change.Additional licensed spectrum has been mad
14、e available to the commercial wireless industry over the past two years.For example,the 3.45 GHz band,the C-band,and the CBRS band*collectively made 270 MHz available to the commercial wireless industry,with an additional 180 MHz expected by the end of 2023.Despite this recent progress,further acces
15、s to wide,contiguous spectrum is necessary to bring global harmonization,limit the costs to deploy infrastructure,and ensure continued efficient use of already allocated commercial wireless spectrum.In this study,we explore the lower 3 GHz,mid 4 GHz,and 7 to 8.4 GHz bands as strong candidates to bol
16、ster networks and support 5G services.These bands,if allotted for licensed commercial wireless use,can enable Americans to reap the promised rewards of 5G,including improved economic outcomes,environmental benefits through carbon abatement,and technological advancement.Candidate Bands in Focus350 MH
17、z in the 3.1-3.45 GHz band400 MHz in the 4.4-4.94 GHz band400 MHz in the 7.125-8.4 GHz band*This scenario reflects the inclusion of 180 MHz planned to be made available by the end of 2023 pending clearing of the second tranche of C-Band.Government Spectrum(2150 MHz)Unlicensed Spectrum(1910 MHz)Comme
18、rcial Wireless Spectrum(1600 MHz)*1.19xMore spectrum than would be available to commercial wireless1.34xMore spectrum than would be available to commercial wirelessCurrently AvailableCurrently AvailableProposed AssignmentProposed AssignmentLower Mid-Band Spectrum Distribution with Candidate Bands Re
19、-allocated*CBRS is included as Commercial Wireless Spectrum in this analysis as it is technically licensed,however it should be noted the lower power limits and government preemption in place in this experimental system,make the use of this band for Commercial Wireless more challenging.Executive Sum
20、mary12345+The lower 3 GHz band offers reliable coverage and adequate range of coverage,making it ideal for 5G data traffic.This band is adjacent to the recently auctioned 3.45 GHz band,which would help drive lower costs for device manufacturers when developing products for a wider contiguous band.In
21、 our analysis,we identified three bands that offer the greatest potential for meeting the needs of additional 5G deployments by wireless operators:the lower 3 GHz,mid 4 GHz,and 7 to 8.4 GHz bands.Below,we offer a brief preview into how these bands are positioned among existing allocations,and the un
22、ique benefits they may each present if allocated for Commercial Wireless use.The mid 4 GHz band is a wide contiguous block of spectrum that provides high capacity for 5G networks.It has been allocated to wireless carriers in many other nations,meaning a similar allocation in the US would support int
23、ernational harmonization efforts yielding cost benefits.Current Lower Mid-Band Spectrum Allocation by Use Overlaid with Additional Candidate BandsAllocationCommercial WirelessGovernmentOtherUnlicensed400 MHz in the7.125 to 8.4 GHz range2400 MHz in the4.4 to 4.94 GHz range1350 MHz between 3.1 to 3.45
24、 GHz3Commercial Wireless(Pending)The 7 to 8.4 GHz range is a significant block of higher frequency contiguous spectrum.The capacity characteristics of this range make it ideal for serving densely populated areas such as urban centers,where traffic requirements are greater.123842Appendix39Conclusion3
25、0Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand21Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum15Current State of Spectrum Allocation06IntroductionContent51.Introduction2345+IntroductionSection 011.Introduction2345+Spectrum is a finite resourceRadio spectrum(spectrum)is the unseen raw natural resource that underpins
26、the wireless transmission of information.It connects our communities and enables our modern way of life.Without radio spectrum,there would be no mobile telephone calls,no emails on the go,and no satellite communications.Radio spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and is composed of variou
27、s frequencies(see Electromagnetic Spectrum and Radio Spectrum,right).These frequencies are organized into different bands,which each have different technological applications based on the frequencys propensity for coverage and speed.3What is spectrum?Why does it matter how it is allocated?Electromag
28、netic Spectrum 4Radio Spectrum 51.Introduction2345+These broad groupings of bands are commonly referred to as:low-band,mid-band and high-band(see Low,Mid and High-Band Spectrum,right).As a highly-coveted scarce resource,spectrum must be allocated in a manner that minimizes interference,maximizes eff
29、icient usage,and balances equities to benefit society.Travels longer distances with minimal signal interruption.Todays 4G wireless networks are built primarily on low-band spectrumBlends the characteristics of both low and high band spectrum,providing a mix of coverage and capacityTravels much short
30、er distances(think feet,not miles)compared to low-band spectrum,but offers high capacity and ultra-fast speedsLow,Mid and High-Band Spectrum 6Low-Band 0.3-3 GHzMid-Band 3-24 GHzHigh-Band 24-50 GHzIncreasing capacityLow-BandMid-BandHigh-BandLower Mid-Band 3-8.4 GHzUpper Mid-Band 8.4-24 GHz1.Introduct
31、ion2345+The efficient use of spectrum impacts business,government,and everyday citizens.Commercial entities rely on spectrum to provide wireless connectivity(including 5G)and related services to customers.Government relies on spectrum for activities including conducting research,providing security,a
32、nd operating satellites.Commercial spectrum allocation is carefully managed by the Federal Communications Commission(FCC)in coordination with the National Telecommunications&Information Association(NTIA).The FCC makes certain bands available to specific stakeholders,typically through an auction proc
33、ess.7It is a balancing act to maximize the benefits of spectrum for each stakeholder.8For commercial entities,it is economic return through support of technological progress and innovation.For government entities,it is support of broader national public interests.Because citizens have a vested inter
34、est in both public and commercial spectrum allocation,striking a balance between these interests is imperative to effectively serve their needs and maximize quality of life.1.Introduction2345+Consumer mobile data usage continues to grow at a stunning rate;as of June 2022,the average monthly mobile d
35、ata usage per smartphone in North America was around 15GB and is projected to hit 52GB in 2027representing a compound annual growth rate(CAGR)of 24%.9This data usage will only continue to grow as 5G supports a wealth of new use cases for all users.5G will enable a myriad of connected devices(up to 1
36、00 x more than 4G)and technological applications(able to transmit data at up to 100 x the speed of 4G),and it will rely heavily on the availability of spectrum.10It will require high-band spectrum to support more devices and high data throughput in dense urban areas and mid-band spectrum to provide
37、a mix of geographic coverage and data throughput.11,12Simultaneously,low-band spectrum will be required as a 5G coverage layer as well as to support and sustain existing wireless use cases and prior generations of technology(e.g.,4G),which currently provide coverage to 99.9%of Americans.13Spectrum a
38、llocation should follow demand and the potential to drive the greatest societal benefitsDemand for licensed spectrum is growing exponentially,in direct correlation to the increasing demand for wireless connectivity,as it becomes further engrained in how society communicates and functions.1.Introduct
39、ion2345+This growing demand for 5G-enabling spectrum becomes increasingly complex when considering how spectrum can support sustainability,economic,social and geopolitical outcomes.An Accenture study published earlier this year found that 5G has the potential to contribute approximately 20%toward US
40、 2025 climate change climate change goals through use cases the technology enables.14Beyond thatif spectrum were harmonized with global standards and allocated in contiguous blocksoperators and equipment manufacturers could be positioned to further reduce the carbon footprint of their supply chains(
41、more on this shortly).This has the potential to drive more efficient equipment design and spectrum usage,while lowering power consumption.From an economic perspectiveFrom an economic perspective,the deployment and operation of 5G networks is expected to create up to 4.5 million jobs and generate$1.5
42、 trillion in gross domestic product(GDP)for the US economy from 20212031.15Social pressuresSocial pressures are also driving the need for equitable access to the internet.5G underpins fixed wireless access(FWA),which will be critical in bridging the digital divide and bringing high-speed internet to
43、 rural communities,improving quality of life and enabling essential services such as telemedicine and remote education.16Last,geopolitical pressures geopolitical pressures are creating urgency to accelerate the rollout of 5G,so businesses can remain competitive in the global economy,and the US can r
44、etain its status as a 5G leader throughout the wireless ecosystem.This will further help maintain the influence of the US with international standard-setting organizations for wireless communications.Efficient allocation of spectrum is critical to the evolution of wireless technology,and for enablin
45、g Americans to reap the multitude of benefits promised by 5G.171.Introduction2345+As demand for use cases requiring commercially allocated and licensed spectrum continues to grow at a rapid pace,how could the allocation of this finite resource evolve to strike a better balance across the ecosystem?H
46、ow does spectrum get allocated,and who is involved?Primary stakeholders*Spectrum stakeholders include those that manage spectrum,use spectrum,and design and manufacture devices which leverage that spectrum.Stewards of spectrum Telecommunications companies that purchase spectrum licenses and use the
47、frequencies to deploy services to businesses and consumers Government organizations that have rights to,and use spectrum for national interest use cases The FCC and NTIA,which manage spectrum allocation,whether licensed or unlicensed Other commercial entities that use spectrum to provide services(e.
48、g.,broadcasters,satellite operators)Users of spectrum Customers of telecommunications providers Users of government services(e.g.,marine radar)General public users of unlicensed bands(e.g.,Wi-Fi)Original Equipment Manufacturers Technology companies that engineer and build devices which transmit and
49、receive information wirelessly using certain frequencies on the radio spectrum*List of stakeholders is not exhaustive.1.Introduction2345+Spectrum allocation leversIn the process of spectrum allocation,several decisions must be made.Will the spectrum be allocated for exclusive licensed or general unl
50、icensed use?Which types of entities may use the licensed spectrum?How is the spectrum managed?In the US,these questions are answered,and decisions coordinated,by the FCC and the NTIA.Licensed or UnlicensedSpectrum licenses grant the spectrum license holder(which could be government,commercial,or ind
51、ividual)the sole right to use airwaves(for a particular use)within the defined frequency band(s),geographic reach,and duration.18Licensed spectrum enables the holder to manage against interference and control the level of service delivered,providing a benefit to users.Simultaneously,licensed spectru
52、m allows operators to build mobile networks which are engineered with the latest global standards(e.g.5G),bringing forward enhanced security benefits.By comparison,spectrum allocated for unlicensed use is available to the general public,but does not guarantee capacity due to possible interference an
53、d congestion.Common unlicensed uses include WiFi,Bluetooth,and amateur radio.Licensed Right of UseOnce it is determined that the spectrum will be licensed out for exclusive use,which type of entity it should be made available to must be decided.The most common stakeholders that may own or lease a li
54、cense include government entities(for federal or state use,research,security,and more)or commercial entities(telecommunications operators,broadcasters,or other private companies).Shared use refers to cases where simultaneous use of the same airwaves is possible between various entities(which may inc
55、lude unlicensed users).There are various mechanisms used,including geographic and temporal sharing,and various licensing formats,to govern the sharing of spectrum to ensure interference is avoided.19Contiguous vs Non-Contiguous(Fragmented)A key consideration in the efficient use of allocated spectru
56、m is the block size and arrangement.Contiguous spectrum refers to frequency blocks being allocated next to each other.A contiguous block enables the license-holder to use spectrum in the range more efficiently20and requires fewer antennas of device manufacturers,which significantly reduces the envir
57、onmental impact of these electronics.In general,the wider the block(and therefore the more contiguous the spectrum),the greater the throughput and ability for devices to operate within the given range.UNLICENSEDGENERAL PUBLIC USENON-CONTIGUOUS(FRAGMENTED)CONTIGUOUSLICENSEDGOVERNMENT USECOMMERCIAL US
58、ESHARED USE1.Introduction2345+The current state of spectrum allocation is likely to inhibit the growth and innovation promised by 5G,resulting in negative impacts on the user experience.It could also lead to inefficiencies in network design that will impact multiple spectrum stakeholders(operators,O
59、EMs,and consumers),by requiring more antennas,power,and physical infrastructure,driving up costs.This spectrum deficit in turn poses a risk of rising consumer prices which could perpetrate barriers to closing the digital divide.To remedy this,more spectrum could be made available for licensed commer
60、cial use,particularly in the mid-band,where many of the key frequencies that enable modern 5G use cases reside.2.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+Current State of Spectrum AllocationSection 022.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+Current State of Spectrum AllocationThis section examines
61、 the current allocation of spectrum across four bands for different uses and purposes:licensed government use,licensed commercial wireless use,unlicensed use,and other uses.Analysis found a disparity in the amount of spectrum allocated to each entity type.LOW-BANDLOWER MID-BANDUPPER MID-BANDHIGH-BAN
62、DForefront of Wireless Communication5G Growth EngineFuture 5G&Next Generation of WirelessSuper High Capacity 5G300 MHz3 GHz8.4 GHz24 GHz50 GHz2.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+Low-Band Spectrum Allocation300 MHz 3 GHzLow-band spectrum has been at the core of 2G,3G,and 4G/LTE deployments to
63、date.The low-band is characterized by its ability to travel greater distances and require less infrastructure(such as towers and radio equipment)to operate,compared to higher frequency spectrum.The current balanced allocation of spectrum in the low-band has allowed mobile connectivity to thrive in t
64、he United States over the past two decades,with recent auctions including the reverse-auction of the 600 MHz band to commercial wireless providers.21Additional auctions in this range are set to bring greater harmonization across networks in the near term(e.g.,the recently concluded 2.5 GHz auction,w
65、hich is reflected in the allocations illustrated below),providing more valuable low-band spectrum to commercial wireless providers.This emphasis means that while spectrum is balanced in this area,little room is left for future expansion of 5G networks and use cases.Stewards of low-band spectrum,part
66、icularly commercial players,have been“re-farming”this spectrum to transition its use from previous generations to 5G.However,even with these measures,low-band cannot provide enough spectrum for 5G on its own.Additionally,maintaining existing spectrum for earlier generations of wireless services will
67、 remain critical while 5G networks are rolled out.Currently,approximately 780 MHz of low-band spectrum are allocated for commercial wireless use compared to 938 MHz allocated to government.Government has access to spectrum in 34%of the low-band,other users have access to 52%,and commercial wireless
68、has access to 29%.1 11416 MHz of spectrum are allocated for“other”uses,primarily composed of aeronautical and broadcast use cases.2 2Low-Band Spectrum Allocation Comparison in GHz1 12 2AllocationCommercial WirelessGovernmentOtherUnlicensed36%31%43%Chart note:GHz allocated indicates all spectrum band
69、s in which these entities have some holdings and are not necessarily exclusive holdings.GHz Allocated52%34%29%1.4160.9380.780OtherGovernmentCommercial WirelessGHz AllocatedAllocationCurrent Low-Band Spectrum Allocation by UseBand(in GHz)100%50%0%2.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+Moving up i
70、n frequency,the lower mid-band begins to offer greater throughput per MHz,but travel radius begins to decrease slightly.Commercial wireless licenses in this range have largely been used to deploy 5G services to date due to this bands ability to support the required technological standards for 5G,inc
71、luding higher capacity.22The US currently ranks 13th of 15 countries in amount of spectrum allocated to commercial wireless in the lower mid-band range with 270 MHz*,while leading countries Japan,France and Chinahave 664 MHz available on average.23 While on par in the upper 3 GHz band,the US lags in
72、 its commercial wireless allocation of the lower 3 GHz band and higher 4 GHz bands,with recent allocations of one or both of thesebands to commercial wireless in China,UK and Japan.The US has some mid-band spectrum in the pipeline(180 MHz in the second tranche of the C-Band),24yet other countries ha
73、ve further planned allocations still.The UK and China,for example,are potentially planning to allocate over 1 GHz of lower mid-band spectrum for commercial wireless use.Given the potential for 5G use in this band alongside the growth in demand for 5G,there appears to be a relative deficit in spectru
74、m allocation in the US for commercial wireless use.Currently,approximately 270 MHz of Lower Mid-Band spectrum is available for licensed commercial wireless use,compared to 1910 MHz+for unlicensed and 3300 MHz for government use equating to 7x7x and 12x12x the amount of spectrum that commercial wirel
75、ess has access to,respectively.180 MHz of spectrum within the second tranche of C-Band are planned to be made available to commercial wireless use by the end of 2023.251 1Government has access to over 61%of lower mid-band spectrum.Use cases include radiolocation,space research,government satellite,a
76、eronautical uses,and experimental uses.2 2Chart note:GHz allocated indicates all spectrum bands in which these entities have some holdings and are not necessarily exclusive holdings.1 12 2AllocationCommercial WirelessCommercial Wireless(Pending)GovernmentOtherUnlicensed*Of the 450 MHz allocated to c
77、ommercial wireless use,270 MHz are currently available,and an additional 180 MHz are assumed to be available by the end of 2023 pending clearing of the second tranche of C-Band.*36%5%Lower Mid-Band Spectrum Allocation3 GHz 8.4 GHzGHz AllocatedAllocation61%3.300Government36%1.910UnlicensedCommercial
78、Wireless0.2705%GHz AllocatedLower-Mid Band Spectrum Allocation Comparison in GHzCurrent Lower-Mid Band Spectrum Allocation by UseBand(in GHz)100%50%0%2.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+Upper mid-band spectrum continues to trade off a lower range of coverage with higher capacity.This range is
79、 increasingly coming into focus today as a potential spectrum source for commercial wireless 5G operations,and in the future may be further leveraged for future generations of wireless as standards are confirmed.26In the upper mid-band,government and satellite use cases are dominant.Other uses of th
80、is band include 4850 MHz of backhaul for fixed wireless services,representing 31%of spectrum in the upper mid-band.While fixed wireless backhaul may ultimately enable commercial wireless use cases,the nature of these licenses(fixed,point to point microwave)mean this spectrum cannot be use for mobile
81、 communications.1 1The majority of spectrum in this range is held for government uses.Government has access to 8150 MHz which represents about 52%of spectrum in the upper mid-band.2 2Satellite occupies about 43%of the upper mid-band for uses such as satellite broadband and television distribution.3
82、33 31 12 23 3AllocationGovernmentOtherSatelliteChart note:GHz allocated indicates all spectrum bands in which these entities have some holdings and are not necessarily exclusive holdings.52%Upper Mid-Band Spectrum Allocation8.4 GHz 24 GHzGHz AllocatedAllocation52%GovernmentSatellite43%8.1506.7506.45
83、0GHz AllocatedUpper Mid-Band Spectrum Allocation Comparison in GHzCurrent Upper-Mid Band Spectrum Allocation by UseBand(in GHz)100%50%0%41%Other2.Current State of Spectrum Allocation1345+High-band spectrum offers the greatest capacity(in the ranges examined here)balanced with a shorter range of cove
84、rage.While it was not traditionally in focus for most non-government uses,with the advent of mmWave technology used in 5G,this band has become more critical for commercial wireless use.27The increased interest has spurred several recent auctions of mmWave bands in the past several years,rendering 5.
85、4 GHz of high-band spectrum available for commercial wireless use cases.28 The high-band is still predominantly allocated to government,satellites,and“other”uses,such as experimental services.Recent“Spectrum Frontiers”auctions have made bands available for commercial wireless use in the 24 GHz,28 GH
86、z,37 GHz,39 GHz and 47 GHz ranges,accounting for about 19%of spectrum in the high-band range.291 1Government remains the majority spectrum holder in the high-band with over 2x as much spectrum as commercial wireless in this band,primarily using these ranges for satellite,radiolocation and radionavig
87、ation,and experimental uses.2 2Beyond Satellite,which has access to over one third of the high band,“Other”uses include experimental,space and exploration,and broadcast.3 31 11 11 12 23 3AllocationCommercial WirelessGovernmentOther44%Chart note:GHz allocated indicates all spectrum bands in which the
88、se entities have some holdings and are not necessarily exclusive holdings.High-Band Spectrum Allocation24 GHz 50 GHzGHz AllocatedOther41%10.65011.40019%4.950C.WirelessGHz AllocatedHigh-Band Spectrum Allocation Comparison in GHzCurrent High-Band Spectrum Allocation by UseAllocationBand(in GHz)100%50%
89、0%Satellite 34%Government8.800Satellite3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Evolution of Demand for Licensed SpectrumSection 033.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Demand for more connectivity is driven by consumers,public services,and businesses alike.Consumers will accelerate
90、 demand by using more data in their daily livesa trend that was amplified by COVID-19 and will continue as data usage patterns shift to a new post-pandemic normal.To help bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to high-speed internet and the services it empowers,bringing connectivity t
91、o unserved and underserved communities,particularly in rural areas,will continue to be a priority.Public services will explore how connectivity can spark innovative solutions to new and evolving societal and environmental challenges.Finally,the next wave of industrial advances will see more ubiquito
92、us wirelessly-connected devices to improve efficiency and safety of operations.What is putting pressure on existing spectrum use?Demand for connectivity continues to rise,new applications are emerging,and wireless mobile networks are becoming more critical than ever.3.Evolution of Demand for License
93、d Spectrum1245+Closing the Digital Divide with FWAImproving Public Services with ConnectivityGrowing Industrial ConnectivityGrowth in mobile data demand between 2010 to 2020 31108XCellular connectivity is at the heart of nearly everything we do todayit powers simple tasks like navigation,enables the
94、 American workforce,and ensures connection between families.Connectivity is instrumental to modern American society,and society has reaped benefits from its ubiquity.The critical nature of connectivity,coupled with a rapid pace of innovation in the US,is prompting consumers to use more data.In 2021,
95、the average smartphone in North America consumed 15 GB of data per month.This is forecasted to grow to 52 GB per month by 2027,at a CAGR of 24%.30This growth in data usage will be driven in part by the adoption of innovative new use cases like augmented reality(AR),virtual reality(VR),and wearable t
96、echnology.It will also come with improvements to services consumers currently enjoy,such as the move from 4K to 8K video streaming.As time passes and digital natives increasingly embrace new technology trends,the need to transmit more and more data quickly,reliably,and from/to anywhere will continue
97、 to grow.Increasing Consumer Data UsageGrowth in mobile data traffic per smartphone in North America by 2027 323.6X3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Improving Public Services with ConnectivityGrowing Industrial ConnectivityIncreasing Consumer Data UsageThe digital dividea term often us
98、ed to describe the inequity in access to digital servicescan be seen across the US and affects consumers living in both rural and urban areas.In rural areas,one of the primary barriers to providing reliable access to high-speed internet is the economic and operational feasibility of deploying fixed
99、solutions(e.g.,fiber)to households in sparsely populated regions.Fixed wireless access(FWA)offers a solution for connecting rural Americans.It enables wireless carriers to provide high-speed internet through mobile networks at an economically viable build costas much as 40%less than the cost of fibe
100、r-to-the-home last mile connectivity.335G-enabled FWA will have 10 to 100 x more capacity than 4G and promises significant improvements to the quality of life of currently-disconnected citizens.34Closing the Digital Divide with FWAAmericans living without access to reliable high-speed internet(as of
101、 2019)3514.5MRural American households could be served by at least one new 5G FWA provider 368.4M3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Closing the Digital Divide with FWAGrowing Industrial ConnectivityIncreasing Consumer Data UsageConnectivity is being leveraged to significantly improve pu
102、blic services and tackle evolving challenges,such as those arising from increased density in urban centers and the growing threat of natural disasters spurred by climate-change.In metro areas,connectivity will underpin the shift toward smart cities,whereby a network of connected sensors could enable
103、 a host of improvements,such as intelligent traffic systems used to reduce congestion on roadways and lower response times for emergency vehicles.37,38Outside of urban centers,connectivity has the potential to reshape emergency management and response systems.In the case of natural disasters,early d
104、etection of forest fires and flooding will be improved by sensors and monitors that will alert response teams as soon as a situation arises.39Drones will also play a role both with high-risk rescue operations,as well as containment of fires(e.g.,dropping retardant to control spread).40As natural dis
105、asters become more prevalent and severe,connectivity will play a critical role in supporting emergency management processes.Improving Public Services with ConnectivityForecasted investment by U.S.city governments to implement IoT solutions from 2017-2037 41$41TForecasted CAGR of the global smart cit
106、ies market from 2022 to 2030 4224.2%3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Closing the Digital Divide with FWAIncreasing Consumer Data UsageImproving Public Services with ConnectivityVirtually all industries are experiencing an operational shift,as commercial entities look to artificial int
107、elligence(AI),internet of things(IoT),and extended reality(XR)to gain a competitive edge through capturing and processing more data faster and using it to inform decision-making.The benefits of wireless connectivity have long been felt by consumers and businesses,as physical barriers to exchanging i
108、nformation are reduced.Wireless connectivity is at the heart of powering Industry 4.0.43Examples of industries being transformed with wireless connectivity include renewable energy,manufacturing and agriculture.AI,IoT,and edge computing have the potential to improve predictive maintenance and grid m
109、anagement,making renewable energy more reliable.Smart manufacturing,underpinned by IoT capabilities,could yield efficiency and productivity gains.Precision agriculture,which uses AI and IoT to optimize farming operations,could drive greater crop yields and more sustainable farming practices.Growing
110、Industrial ConnectivityCAGR of the Industrial IoT industry between 2022 to 2029 4416%Forecasted new jobs in the manufacturing sector by 2035 45300K3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Meeting this demand will require greater capacity,lower latency,and faster speeds than have historically
111、been possible from wireless networks.Innovation in wireless communication technology(namely the 5G standard)is focused on supporting the type of traffic enhancements required.Further scaling and operationalizing this innovation will only be possible if wireless carriers are afforded the opportunity
112、to secure more spectrum to expand their networks.Without more spectrum,the potential downstream benefits could be limited.3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+5G is bringing new levels of efficiency,speed,latency,and capacity to meet societal demands.The 5G standards outline the ability t
113、o support three types of data traffic that are essential to modern wireless connectivity use cases:enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB),ultra reliable and low latency communications(URLLC),and massive machine type communications(mMTC).These different types of wireless traffic generally all require some l
114、evel of additional mid-band spectrum to operate efficiently.How is 5G answering the call?5G offers unique technological advantages,depending on the type of traffic handled.Enhanced mobile broadband supports use cases requiring high bandwidth and fast download speeds.This type of traffic will be most
115、 used by consumers,and will support growth in demand for,and improved experiences with,mobile data usage.46eMBB networks will primarily require mid-band spectrum due to this ranges ability to balance speed,capacity,and coverage.Enhanced Mobile Broadband(eMBB)Ultra reliable low latency communications
116、 will support mission critical applications where reliable real-time processing is required to avoid high-risk outcomes.Delivery of URLLC service will require a mix of mid-band and high-band spectrum.47The combination of these two ranges provides unparalleled speed(from the high-band)while ensuring
117、reliability(with wider-coverage from the mid-band spectrum).Massive machine type communications is defined by high connection density(more devices on the network)to support a vast quantity of low data/low energy devices across various industries.Supporting mMTC will require a mix of low-band and mid
118、-band spectrum.48The combination of these two frequency ranges offers wider coverage(through the low-band)and device density(through both the low-and mid-band)with the ability to support up to one million devices per square kilometer.Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications(URLLC)Massive Machine Ty
119、pe Communications(mMTC)3.Evolution of Demand for Licensed Spectrum1245+Internet of Things(IoT)Connecting physical objects to the internet,using sensors or software to enable monitoring and remote control.This will impact various industries(e.g.,healthcare,manufacturing,utilities)improving data and a
120、nalytics capabilities and driving operational efficiencies.Applications include connected appliances,precision agriculture,smart manufacturing,etc.In practice:In practice:AT&T and Cisco have launched a 5G service for IoT devices,enabling enterprises,such as automotive,manufacturing and entertainment
121、,to take advantage of 5Gs improved speed and capacity.49Translating traffic into key 5G Applications Whats at stake?The features of eMBB,URLLC,and MMTC are critical to key wireless connectivity use cases,many of which will rely on a combination of the three to be successful(e.g.,AI and edge computin
122、g are enabled by both mMTC and URLLC).The applications described below are therefore not linearly related to any one of the three different types of 5G data traffic but offer insight into how 5G is positioned to drive innovation.Extended Reality(XR)Experiences across a range of devices(e.g.,laptop,V
123、R headset,etc.)whereby participants are immersed,to varying degrees,in physical and virtual realms.This will impact industries by making products and services more easily accessible from remote locations.Applications include VR gaming,AR retail shopping,digital twins,simulation training for high-ris
124、k activities,etc.In practice:In practice:Accenture recently partnered with ESPNs Edge Innovation Center to explore ways to use 5G,AR,and edge computing to enable new fan experiences.50Fixed Wireless Access(FWA)Providing high-speed internet access over a mobile wireless network,bypassing the need to
125、wire individual properties with fiber-optic or cable lines.Applications include high-speed internet access to rural communities;enabling remote healthcare and education,and greater opportunities for economic participation.In practice:In practice:US wireless service providers are investing in FWA to
126、make high-speed internet available to more homes across the country.For example,T-Mobiles 5G network expansions have made 10 million additional homes eligible for 5G Home Internet nationwide.51Edge&Artificial Intelligence (AI)Combining AI with edge computing to allow the complex computations and pro
127、cessing of large datasets required for AI-based decisions to occur closer to devices.52Applications include smart cities,autonomous vehicles and operations,safety of life services,security,etc.In practice:In practice:Ice Mobility leverages Verizons 5G Edge Technology to reduce its product packing er
128、rors,providing opportunity for a 15%to 30%savings in processing time.534.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+Solutions to Meet Spectrum DemandSection 044.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+How would more spectrum help?The impending unprecedented growth in data traffic will heavily strain curren
129、t cellular networks.By 2027,5G is projected to account for 90%of all mobile subscriptions in North America,compared to 20%in 2021.54Without action to fortify their capacity,networks will not be able to meet future demand while maintaining the quality consumers have come to expect.Improvements in net
130、work technology efficiency and network densification are important levers that have been and will continue to be explored to meet demand increases.However,additional dedicated spectrum,particularly in the mid-band,will be critical for enabling 5G networks throughout the country and ensuring the prom
131、ised benefits of 5G are widely felt by American consumers.This will enable commercial wireless providers to meet the full,significant demand increase while also ensuring a low cost to consumers.To deliver on the promise of 5G,wireless operators need more spectrum allocated for licensed commercial us
132、e4.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+A clear example of this was the 2017 auction covering the 600 MHz band.55In this auction,operators gained access to a significant amount of low-band spectrum,which was critical for bolstering their nationwide service levels.The 600 MHz band had previously bee
133、n used for ultra high frequency(UHF)television broadcast purposes,but with the shift to digital television broadcasting,it was possible to reallocate this band to wireless providers with relatively minimal impact on consumers.56The movement of this spectrum between holders over time,funneling toward
134、 modern use cases,is of unquestionable net benefit to US society.As previously discussed,mid-band spectrum is of primary interest for operators operationalizing 5G due to its mix of coverage and capacity.Deploying on mid-band spectrum enables operators to roll out 5G with lower densification compare
135、d to high-band(mmWave)rollouts,which results in a faster,lower-cost deployment.Allocating more mid-band is also critical for maintaining global competitiveness.Nations investing the most in commercial mid-band allocation are seen as leaders in 5G performance.China,for example,has made approximately
136、three times more mid-band spectrum available to wireless carriers than the US,which is directly reflected in the global performance rankings of 5G networks.57Despite being ranked first for 5G availability by country,the US ranked 11th for 5G download performance in early launch markets,with a downlo
137、ad speed of 94Mbps.58Ookla highlights that the lagging performance was explainable by the difference in access to spectrum bands suitable for 5G services between the US and leading countries.In recent years,there has been progress in making more spectrum available for licensed commercial use.In thes
138、e instances,we see a necessary prioritization of modern technology over previous uses of spectrum.4.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+Even with some recent progress toward more equitable spectrum allocation,to continue to meet the growing demand,more licensed spectrum is required.The following b
139、ands could be considered strong candidates for commercial wireless use:the full 3.1 to 3.45 GHz band400 MHz in the 4.4 to 4.94 GHz range400 MHz within the 7.125 to 8.4 GHz rangeAuction revenue from making these ranges available could fund the clearing of spectrum and upgrading of technology and infr
140、astructure for incumbent users.Examples of this include the recent C-band auction,wherein satellite incumbent users were compensated$9.7 billion in accelerated reallocation payments to clear the spectrum in a timely manner,and to procure and launch new satellites and other equipment and services.59H
141、istory has shown that funding and collaboration such as this are paramount to an efficient reallocation effort,including with government agencies.In addition to the specific bands and frequencies of spectrum,contiguous blocks are a critical consideration for spectral efficiency.Contiguous blocks all
142、ow carriers to be more spectrally efficient,drive benefits such as lower latency,faster data transmission,and deploy capital-efficient and eco-friendly 5G networks.60We explore these bands and their benefits in the following pages.4.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+Current Allocation270 MHz*MHz
143、 currently available for commercial wireless use,representingAllocation Including Three Candidate Bands1600 MHz*MHz would be available for licensed commercial wireless use based on proposed reallocation,representingOur analysis identified three bands within the broader mid-band range that offer the
144、greatest potential for meeting the needs of additional 5G deployments by wireless operators:the lower 3 GHz,mid 4 GHz,and 7 to 8.4 GHz bands.These three bands would help operators contribute to international harmonization efforts of 5G services and equipment,as well as more efficiently deploy and ru
145、n standalone 5G networks optimized to unlock the promised societal,economic and environmental benefits of 5G.Three bands that offer the greatest potential for 5G expansionCurrent Lower Mid-Band Spectrum Allocation by Use Overlaid with Additional Candidate BandsAllocationCommercial WirelessGovernment
146、OtherUnlicensed400 MHz in the7.125 to 8.4 GHz range2400 MHz in the4.4 to 4.94 GHz range1350 MHz between 3.1 to 3.45 GHz35%*of Lower Mid-Band Spectrum30%of Lower Mid-Band Spectrum*Of the 450 MHz allocated to commercial wireless use,270 MHz are currently available,and an additional 180 MHz(indicated i
147、n striped green)are assumed to be available by the end of 2023 pending the clearing of the second tranche of C-Band.Commercial Wireless(Pending)*This scenario reflects the inclusion of an additional 180 MHz planned to be made available by the end of 2023 pending the clearing of the second tranche of
148、 C-Band.84.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+350 MHz between 3.1 to 3.45 GHz The 3 GHz band is regarded and prioritized as the launch band for 5G services,with portions of this band identified for 5G in more than 25 countries around the world,making it a clear candidate for allocation to commerc
149、ial wireless in the US.61Putting this band up for auction would create a large block of contiguous available spectrum,providing wireless carriers the opportunity to acquire contiguous bands that will enhance 5G performance for a better consumer experience and more energy efficient networks.62This ba
150、nds adjacency to the recently-auctioned 3.45 GHz band enables greater simplicity and lower costs for device manufacturers when developing products for this broader range of bands.International Harmonization ConsiderationsMaking this band available for commercial wireless use would support efforts fo
151、r international harmonization,while also allowing for standard hardware to be used,which would drive down costs for both operators and consumers.64Current AllocationThis band is currently licensed exclusively for US Department of Defense(DoD)use.Uses include maritime radionavigation,radiolocation,ae
152、ronautical mobile,space research,broadcasting,and mobile.The DoD was recently directed to study this band and to identify spectrum that could be cleared for reallocation or sharing.63Potential Licensed Wireless UsesThe large bandwidth and adequate range of coverage offered by this band make it ideal
153、 for supporting 5G,including FWA in rural areas,by enabling similar speeds to broadband to deliver high-speed internet at an affordable cost.These characteristics also enable the 3 GHz band to support a vast number of devices with reliable coverage,making it ideal for supporting commercial use cases
154、 such as industrial IoT,smart manufacturing,and precision agriculture.AllocationCommercial WirelessCommercial Wireless(Pending)OtherUnlicensed1Three bands that offer the greatest potential for 5G expansionGovernment4.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+Three bands that offer the greatest potential
155、 for 5G expansion400 MHz in the 4.4 to 4.94 GHz range2The 4 GHz band has been a topic of discussion on a global scale as an avenue for enabling novel 5G use cases.Allocating approximately 400 MHz in this band to commercial wireless use would make a large contiguous block of valuable mid-band spectru
156、m available to support 5G deployment.International Harmonization ConsiderationsThe FCC has acknowledged that part of this band is a priority given the number of other nations which have already allocated it for wireless carrier use to support 5G services.65,66Auctioning this band would support inter
157、national harmonization,yielding cost benefits.67 Current AllocationThis band is currently licensed exclusively for Federal use,supporting applications including Point-to-Point(P2P),Microwave,drone control,telemetry,Navy,Satellite,DoD aeronautical use,radiolocation,broadcasting,and other fixed and mo
158、bile uses.Potential Licensed Wireless UsesThe width of this band would provide enough capacity for 5G networks and a multitude of 5G use cases.These could include broadcasting,autonomous vehicles,and other uses which require this unique mix of coverage and capacity.Techniques like beamforming and ma
159、ssive multiple-input,multiple-output(MIMO)can be leveraged in this band to enable point-to-point communications,including backhaul to enable consumer data traffic and at times reduce the need for massive fiber builds.AllocationCommercial WirelessCommercial Wireless(Pending)OtherUnlicensedGovernment4
160、.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+Three bands that offer the greatest potential for 5G expansion400 MHz in the 7.125 to 8.4 GHz range3The 7 GHz band represents an opportunity for a well-positioned,contiguous 400 MHz block of commercial wireless spectrum within the mid-band.Allocating a contiguo
161、us block of this size is ideal for 5G standards to support deployment.FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel recently called out spectrum in the 7 to 15 GHz range for its ability to support faster speeds and wide coverage.68The FCC also acknowledged that it would be well-positioned to reallocate blocks
162、within this band to support 5G services.69Current AllocationThis band is currently licensed exclusively for various federal applications.These include fixed and mobile connectivity,satellite(fixed,mobile,meteorological,and earth exploration),broadcasting,amateur,international broadcast,and maritime
163、mobile.Potential Licensed Wireless UsesThe higher capacity of the 7 GHz band makes it ideal for using 5G networks to serve densely populated areas such as urban centers.The higher frequency also means this band can propagate to dense areas,making it useful for supporting use cases such as smart citi
164、es,and as a suitable alternative to wired local networks in indoor environments,such as campuses or office buildings.AllocationCommercial WirelessCommercial Wireless(Pending)OtherUnlicensedGovernment4.Solutions to Meet Spectrum Demand1235+As the growth engine for 5G,the lower mid-band spectrum is cr
165、itical for the continued development of the US commercial wireless industry,which is currently heavily outweighed in spectrum holdings in this band by unlicensed and government users.We have explored three target bands that could be re-allocated through public auction to the commercial wireless indu
166、stry to solve for this imbalance.If all three candidate bands are re-allocated as outlined,the commercial wireless industry would move from holding 5%to 30%of spectrum in this rangea move that could enable the industry to further deliver on the promises of 5G technology.Although this would mean a va
167、st increase in the holdings of the commercial wireless industry,there would still be close to equal allocation between all three major interest groups,with government continuing to hold 40%of the spectrum in this range and 35%still allocated to unlicensed use.The goal of this reallocation would be t
168、o increase the total value delivered for the United States from the scarce natural resource that is spectrumby bringing commercial wireless onto an equal footing with other major spectrum holders.What would this re-allocation mean for the lower mid band?The 3.030 GHz gap between the highest group of
169、 spectrum holders and the lowest closes to 550 MHz*in the re-allocated state.This brings the US close to achieving parity between spectrum stakeholders in the lower mid-band.*Of the 450 MHz allocated to commercial wireless use,270 MHz are currently available,and an additional 180 MHz(indicated in st
170、riped green)are assumed to be made available by the end of 2023 pending clearing of the second tranche of C-Band.*This scenario reflects the inclusion of an additional 180 MHz planned to be made available by the end of 2023 pending the clearing of the second tranche of C-Band.*36%Allocation61%3.300G
171、overnment36%1.910UnlicensedCommercial Wireless0.2705%GHz AllocatedLower Mid-Band Spectrum Distributionas Currently AllocatedLower Mid-Band Spectrum Distributionwith Candidate Bands Re-allocated36%Allocation40%2.150Government35%1.910UnlicensedCommercial Wireless1.60030%GHz Allocated5.Conclusion1234+C
172、onclusionSection 055.Conclusion1234+Striking a spectrum allocation balance;empowering the US to lead the world in 5GThe role of connectivity in society is growing and expanding,reshaping the fundamentals of how communities in the US function.As wireless technology evolves,and innovations driven by 5
173、G continue to scale,the strain on cellular networks will only increase.New types of data traffic enabled by 5G are making new use cases possible for consumers and industry alike.Further,the number of connections are growing,and amount of data transmitted through networks is bringing the industry to
174、an inflection point.As we have outlined,spectrum is the fuel that powers all wireless connectivity.To enable international competitiveness and propel the US economy forward,wireless carriers will require additional spectrumparticularly in the lower mid-bandif they are to sustain and fortify networks
175、 so they can meet demand and ensure minimal disruption or impact to the quality of service they offer.Striking the right balance of uses for this spectrum is paramount.In the highly coveted lower mid-band(i.e.,3 GHz to 8.4 GHz),wireless carriers currently have access to 270 MHz,which represents just
176、 5%of the spectrum in this range of frequencies.At the same time,government and unlicensed stakeholders have access to approximately 61%and 36%of the spectrum in this range,respectively.This lower mid-band is universally regarded as being central to the delivery of 5G services,due to the balanced mi
177、x of high capacity and wide coverage it can support.70While recent steps have been taken to make more spectrum available for licensed wireless use(e.g.,the CBRS,C-band,and 3.45 GHz auctions),more action is needed to ensure wireless operators have exclusive access to larger contiguous blocks of mid-b
178、and spectrum to support the continued deployment of 5G.5.Conclusion1234+Continued limitations on the amount of spectrum in the lower mid-band may have detrimental effects for consumers,businesses,and public services across the country,inhibiting the scaling of innovative applications and negatively
179、impacting quality of service.Also,from a global competitiveness perspective,the relatively limited availability to wireless operators of the lower mid-band spectrum that is essential for 5G services is putting the USs position as a 5G leader at risk.Conversely,resourced with adequate spectrum to sup
180、port 5G services,the nations wireless networks will have the power to digitally transform all aspects of American society.The US economy could reap unprecedented economic benefits from being a leader in 5G,in the form of increased jobs in domestic manufacturing and industry,GDP uplift,improved trade
181、 deficits,and more.Beyond economics,the effective delivery of 5G services is expected to have profound social and environmental impacts,from connecting millions of rural Americans through FWA,to providing improved monitoring and response systems for natural disasters to prevent the devastating loss
182、of life and livelihoods from catastrophic flooding and fires.And addressing spectrum imbalances between commercial wireless and other allocation uses could bolster cellular networks and guarantee that connectivity will continue to advance American prosperity.Making additional lower mid-band spectrum
183、 available for exclusive commercial wireless useparticularly in the lower3 GHz,mid 4 GHz,and 7 to 8.4 GHz bandswhile balancing against other national interests is crucial for the continued excellence of the United States wireless industry.Appendix1234+5AppendixAppendix1234+5Examined NTIA Spectrum Al
184、location Chart71to identify whether usage was Federal,Non-Federal or Shared;and beyond this,any other specific uses to further categorize the spectrum.Overlaid all Spectrum Auctions72since 1994(when FCC first started auctioning bands)as well as public information on who these bands were auctioned to
185、,to both validate 2016 NTIA data and update it in areas where it was not current.For areas with remaining unknowns,we completed searches of the FCC ULS Database,74and other FCC documentation and band plans,75-88for current licensing data to understand use cases and ownership within the band.124Spect
186、rum Allocation Analysis ProcessMethodologyTo analyze spectrum allocation,we split relevant spectrum bands into four individual sections based on their use cases,and collected allocation from a number of varied sources to improve accuracy and completeness Analysis:Analysis:NTIA Data assumption:spectr
187、um bands with a“primary use”and“secondary use”indicated were allocated to the primary user.NTIA Data assumption:where spectrum is shared approximate delineations were made around sharing percentages based on the NTIA chart.If there was not enough information available to determine the exact breakdow
188、n of sharing between government and commercial entities,a 50/50 rule was applied.NTIA Data assumption:in areas where spectrum is shared e.g.,between federal/unlicensed and federal/satellite,we provide the total number of GHz/bandwidth taken up by the entity,even if shared with another entity.Categor
189、ization:Categorization:The“Commercial Wireless”category includes flexible and/or cellular point to multipoint licenses,and excludes LMDS and other fixed point to point licenses The“Government”category includes uses such as safety of life The“Other”category includes uses such as aeronautical,broadcas
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223、r,July 15,2022.Retrieved from https:/www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/07/16/2020-11897/review-of-the-commissions-rules-governing--940-mhz-bandSources85.FCC.47 CFR Part 15-Radio Frequency Devices.FCC,2009.Retrieved from https:/www.ecfr.gov/current/title-4786.Policies Governing the Pro
224、cessing of Applications and the Selection and Assignment of Frequencies for Use in the 806-824 MHz,851-869 MHz,and 935-940 MHz Bands.Code of Federal Regulations,July 15,2022.Retrieved from https:/www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-90/subpart-S/subject-group-ECFRdf8f02eb67c6e14
225、/section-90.61687.700 MHz Guard Bands.FCC,April 21,2017.Retrieved from https:/www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/700-mhz-guard-bands88.800 MHz Cellular Service.FCC,April 13,2017.Retrieved from https:/www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/800-mhz-cellular-servic
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