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1、Unlocking the Potential of 5G for Live Broadcast ProductionHow 5G will completely change broadcast contribution and remote productionWHITE PAPERUNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTIONHow 5G will completely change broadcast contribution and remote productionIntroduction 3Live Broa

2、dcast Production Before 5G 3Current State and Evolution of 5G 45G New Radio Higher Frequencies and Bandwidth 45G Core Virtual and Cloud-Native Networks 5Network Slicing 65G for Private Networks 75G Edge Computing 8Conclusion WHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTIONBene

3、fits of 5G for Live Event ProductionINTRODUCTION5G Will Radically Transform Live Broadcast ProductionFor the third year in a row,our 2022 BROADCAST IP TRANSFORMATION REPORT cited 5G as the technology that would have the biggest impact on the industry.According to our survey of over 650 broadcast pro

4、fessionals from across the globe,68%agreed that 5G will completely change the way broadcast television is produced.In this paper we dig deeper into exactly what 5G is,its key features and deployment stages,and why its a real game changer for remote production.LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTION BEFORE 5GFrom

5、Satellite Contribution to Bonded CellularSatellite used to be the most common way for broadcasters to send live video from a remote venue to a central production facility.Though the technology has been used successfully for decades,it is expensive,and due to limited bandwidth,requires a truck full o

6、f outside broadcast(OB)equipment to produce the content on site.Relying on satellite uplinks can make sense for premium events with very large budgets but is cost prohibitive for smaller events and single-camera field journalism.By the late 2000s IP technology emerged as an alternative to satellite

7、uplinks,enabling large events to adopt REMI or at-home remote production models.Instead of requiring large OB trucks on site,individual camera feeds can be sent over dedicated fiber or managed IP networks back to a central live production facility.In 2012,Haivision developed the Secure Reliable Tran

8、sport(SRT)protocol for reliable low latency transport of video streams over the public internet.Made available to the open-source community in 2017,SRT is now widely adopted by vendors and broadcasters,has made remote production more affordable and practical for second tier and smaller events by usi

9、ng portable video encoders,such as the Makito X4 video encoder,to transmit live video over the internet.For portable camera scenarios such as outdoor sporting events or live newsgathering,bonded cellular technology was introduced in the 2010s along with 3G mobile networks.Despite the limited upload

10、bandwidth of 3G(typically no more than 2Mbps),the bandwidth could be aggregated by multiplexing or combining several 3G signals together.Later,when 4G emerged,the bandwidth increased significantly with upload speeds of 5 Mbps or even higher,leading up to 50 Mbps using the latest LTE technology.Now w

11、ith 5G services rolling out,bandwidth availability has been doubled with even greater data throughputs on the way.Cellular bonding not only allows broadcasters to contribute live video at high bitrates by load-balancing video streams across multiple mobile network links,but it also supports network

12、redundancy and accessibility.By including a mixture of different network providers,a bonded cellular video transmitter can automatically prioritize the strongest and most reliable network available at a given time.Then if one network goes down,the content can be instantly failed over to another link

13、.Haivision mobile video encoders and transmitters are designed for newsgathering,sports broadcasting,and live events contribution over 5GWHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTIONCURRENT STATE AND EVOLUTION OF 5GImmediate and Upcoming Benefits for Broadcasters5G is being

14、 rolled out in two phases.The first is referred to as non-standalone architecture(NSA)as it involves adding 5G base stations onto already existing 4G core networks.With 5G NSA,Communication Service Providers(CSPs)can gradually roll out 5G services,starting with larger metropolitan areas.This initial

15、 stage already doubles available bandwidth,which in some cases means that a video transmitter can rely on a single 5G modem with the second on standby as a backup,while bonded 5G transmitters can offer the bandwidth needed for 4K UHD content.Once 5G base stations are widely deployed,CSPs will begin

16、upgrading their networks from 4G to 5G Core architecture.This second phase is referred to as stand-alone architecture(SA).To better understand the difference between non-standalone and stand-alone architectures,and how they will benefit broadcasters,lets take a closer look at 5Gs main technology com

17、ponents:5G New Radio and 5G Core.5G New Radio Higher Frequencies and Bandwidth5G New Radio(5G NR)is the next generation of cellular transmission technology.5G NR differs from 4G in that it relies on a larger network of smaller antennas to receive and transmit data over higher frequencies.Where 4G or

18、 LTE(long-term evolution)technology relied on radio frequency bands that were all below 6Ghz,5G NR can support much higher bands up to 40Ghz.There are three types of 5G frequency bands:low,mid,and high.The low band refers to frequencies below 1Ghz which CSPs have already licensed for 4G.The mid band

19、 includes microwave frequencies between 1Ghz to 6Ghz and enables 5G services to reach a wide range of users with significantly higher bandwidth at low latency.The high band spans between 24Ghz and 40Ghz and is often referred to as mmWave(millimeter wave).While these extremely high frequencies cant t

20、ravel as far,they do offer huge amounts of bandwidth.The mmWave band is therefore ideally suited for private networks and IoT(Internet of Things)applications as it can share bandwidth with thousands of devices simultaneously.Most of todays 5G networks are operating in NSA mode with 5G base stations

21、attached to existing 4G LTE core networking infrastructure.This initial hybrid approach enables broadcast contribution video to be transmitted over mid band microwave frequencies with double the amount of bandwidth and end-to-end latencies below 200ms-essential capabilities for return feeds.The Haiv

22、ision Pro460 can transmit high picture quality content such as live 4K UHD broadcast contribution and HDR over 5G WHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTION5G Core Virtual and Cloud-Native NetworksOnce 5G NR base stations are widely deployed as non-standalone architectur

23、e,CSPs can begin upgrading their core networks from 4G LTE to 5G technology and finally operate as a standalone architecture.5G Core technology represents a radical departure from the past that will enable a host of innovations,many yet unforeseen.Unlike previous generations of cellular network tech

24、nologies such as 3G and 4G,5G core networks rely on virtualized and cloud-based technology running on COTS(Commercial Off-The-Shelf)hardware instead of having dedicated hardware for specific functions such as data transmission,routing,and service management.Mobile network functions are no longer tie

25、d to dedicated pieces of equipment and are instead offered as either virtualized network functions(VNF)or cloud-native functions(CNF).Virtualized network functions(VNF),not to be confused with network function virtualization(NFV)which is the overarching model defined by the European Telecommunicatio

26、ns Standards Institute(ETSI),are bits of software that run as virtual machines on top of any common hardware platform.Cloud-native functions(CNF)take it one step further and containerize network functions to operate on cloud-based platforms.Virtual and cloud technologies can co-exist within 5G core

27、networks,with cloud-native networks as the long-term goal for many operators.A cloud-native 5G core will give them the ability to spin services up and down and introduce new offerings aimed at specific applications such as broadcast production.Average Bitrate3G4G5GAverage Bitrate 1-5 Mbps20-50 Mbps1

28、00-200 MbpsMaximum Bitrate8 Mbps100 Mbps10Gbps(mmWave)Latency 5 ms100 ms10 ms5G New Radio(NR)access in non-standalone mode doubles bandwidth compared to 4G.Standalone 5G new core network technology brings even greater bandwidth and lower latency.IP/InternetUserEquipmentNodeMobilityManagement(MME)Sub

29、scriberManagement(HHS)Policy and Charging(PCRF)Service Gateway(S-GW)Packet Data NetworkGateway(P-GW)Radio AccessNetwork(RAN)4G core networks rely on fixed hardware to perform necessary functions.4G Core NetworkIP/InternetUserEquipmentNodeRadio AccessNetwork(RAN)DATACENTER/CLOUDCONTROL PLANEUSER(DATA

30、)PLANEUser Plan FunctionUnified Data ManagementAuthentication Server FunctionNetwork Slice FunctionAccess and Mobility Management FunctionSession Management FunctionPolicy and Charging FunctionSERVERMEC5G cores are based on virtualized network functions(VNF)that can be supported by cloud platforms o

31、r common off-the-shelf(COTS)datacenter hardware.5G Core NWHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTIONNETWORKING SLICINGHigh Bandwidth and Low Latency 5G Services for BroadcastersThe driving force behind the huge investments in 5G core networks is the ability for CSPs to of

32、fer new revenue-generating services.By abstracting network functions from underlying hardware components,they can create mobile data services catering to specific markets.Whereas a consumer might only need enough bandwidth to watch videos on a smartphone,a broadcast engineer needs to be able to supp

33、ort multiple high quality video streams at 4:2:2 10-bit in 4K with HDR simultaneously.With these different needs in mind,CSPs can apply 5G network slicing to create separate services for different types of customers.Consumers may prioritize affordability;broadcasters require guaranteed bandwidth and

34、 low latency.With a virtualized and cloud-native 5G core,CSPs can support multiple logical networks each with their own dedicated software-defined functions and nodes running on top of the same physical hardware.Whatever happens in the consumer slice wont impact broadcast and any other network slice

35、s.For television broadcasters,5G network slicing promises the same benefits of using dedicated fiber or a private IP network without the associated fixed costs and physical limitations.Because 5G network slices are mobile services,they will become as readily available and accessible as internet serv

36、ices but with greater reliability including service level agreements,lower latency,and more bandwidth.Network slices optimized for specific use cases are enabled by Virtual Network Functions(VNF)deployed across common datacenter and cloud resources.VoiceConsumer AudioConsumer VideoBroadcast VideoIoT

37、 DataIndustryPublic Safety5G COREDATACENTER/CLOUDVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFVNFINTERNETIP NETWORKWHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTION5G FOR PRIVATE NETWORKSReliable Wireless Networks for Broadcast ApplicationsWi

38、Fi or IEEE 802.11 is a hugely successful technology for building private wireless networks.Although there have been many updates and improvements since its initial introduction in 1997,there are certain limitations.For example,WiFi is very sensitive to certain material such as metal and concrete and

39、 has a relatively short reach of about 150 feet or 45 meters.For large areas,especially outdoors,multiple WiFi base stations and signal boosters are needed to ensure reliable connectivity.In contrast,5G mmWave can reach up to 500 meters when deployed as a private network in place,making it well suit

40、ed for covering large areas like stadiums.While the reach of 5G mmWave is not as high as lower frequency bands,it can support bitrates of 10 Gbps or higher,again making it well suited for cable-free camera connections to broadcast equipment including switches and encoders.Because 5G mmWave operates

41、at such high frequencies,between 24Ghz and 40Ghz,latency can be as low as 4ms.Another advantage of mmWave band is that it can support many more devices simultaneously,ideal for connecting thousands of devices and consumers within a common area.As with public 5G networks,a private 5G network can be s

42、liced so that a specific frequency can be made available for the general public,another for security services,and another for broadcast equipment.Private 5G mmWave networks sliced for local use cases while sharing common hardware.CloudInternetLANEvent AttendeesBroadcast CamerasStadium StafHaivision

43、Air is an ultra-compact and battery operated HEVC and H.264 mobile transmitter with 5G WHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTION5G EDGE COMPUTINGLow Latency and High Bandwidth Video Processing from AnywhereVideo processing,including encoding and transcoding,requires int

44、ensive computing power especially when producing broadcast-quality video in real-time.One way of meeting the requirements of live broadcasters is with dedicated hardware such as the Makito X4 Encoder or the Pro460 mobile transmitter.However,when further real-time processing such as creating ABR casc

45、ades or formatting HDR video is required,this can be achieved on premise or in the cloud.This can add latency,though,depending on your network performance and how far you are from a local data center or your broadcast facility.As with 5G core networks,cloud computing resources can also be deployed a

46、cross a 5G radio access network(RAN)alongside local base stations to dramatically reduce latency.Referred to as multi-access edge computing(MEC),this technology enables anyone with access to a 5G network to process video and any other type of data near to wherever they happen to be located.Once 5G M

47、EC services are deployed,broadcasters will no longer have to carry truckloads of video processing equipment,nor will they have to contend with latency challenges involved with centralized workflows and cloud computing.MEC will deliver huge amounts of processing power at extremely low and practically

48、 non-existent latency levels which broadcasters will literally be able to access from the air.Haivision StreamHub can receive live video streams from any Haivision mobile transmitter and decode to SRT,SDI,NDI,and ST 2110 workflows.5G radio frequency spectrum.5G Spectrum7 Ghz300 Ghz1 Ghz10km reachUp

49、to 500MbpsMid-band2km reachUp to 10GbpsHigh-band(e.g.mmWave)Low-band250km reachUp to 250MWHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTIONCONCLUSION5G Will Forever Change How Broadcasters Cover Live Events5G is more than just a simple improvement on 4G-its a radical new departu

50、re for mobile data networking and computing.5G New Radio technology,with its much wider range of frequencies including mmWave,offers better connectivity to many more devices,dramatically lower latency,and huge amounts of bandwidth.By relying on virtual and cloud-based technology,5G will continue to

51、deliver exciting new benefits for broadcasters.These include 5G network slices dedicated to remote production applications which can in turn be used to provide content to dedicated consumer broadcast services,further reducing latency for both the first and last mile.Whats more,5G edge computing and

52、mmWave will provide huge amounts of agile video processing power from anywhere while bringing latency close to zero.The immediate benefits of more bandwidth and lower latency are clear and we can only begin to imagine what exciting and innovative 5G broadcast applications lie ahead.READY TO GET STAR

53、TED?Contact us to speak with a video streaming INCREASED BANDWIDTHBetter Video QualityHigh Dynamic RangeHigher ResolutionWider Color GamutHigher FramerateMulticam ViewsGREATER RELIABILITYSLAsSpectrum Slicing&PrioritizationLOWER LATENCYLive Production w/Frame AccurateCamera SyncDeterministic Latency5G BENEFITS FOR LIVE EVENT BROADCASTINGCONSULT WITH AN EXPERTWHITE PAPER|UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF 5G FOR LIVE BROADCAST PRODUCTION