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1、? ? ? i ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.0? ? ? 2.0? ? ? ? ?INCOSE CSEP (2017)? MATRIZ ? (2005)?ISO/TC184/SC4?SAC/TC159/SC4 ? SAC/TC28/SC7 ? ? ? ? ? ?CAE?Fluent? CFX?Flownex?Twinmesh?Rocky ? ? ? ?TOGAF ? ?2015? ? ASQ ? AEA ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.0 ? ? 4.0? ? 1 ? ? ? ? 4.0? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
2、? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2019 ? 12 ? 20 ? i ? ?. 1 ? ?. 1 ? ?. 6 ? ?. 10 ? ? . 10 ? ? . 11 ? ? . 12 ? ? . 13 ? ?. 16 ? ? . 16 ? ? . 19 ? VR?AR ? MR . 21 ? ? . 22 ? ? MBSE . 24 ? ? . 25 ? ? . 26 ? ? . 28 ? ? . 28 ? ?. 31 ? ? . 31 ? ? . 31 ? ? . 32 ? ? . 35 ? ? . 41 ? ? . 43 ? ?. 49 ? ? . 49 ? ?
3、. 55 ii ? ? . 57 ? ? . 61 ? ? . 65 ? ? . 75 ? ?. 79 ? ? . 79 ? ? . 80 ? ? . 81 ? ? . 84 ? ? . 92 ? ? . 100 ? ?. 105 ? ? . 105 ? ? . 106 ? ? . 108 ? ? . 112 ? ? . 118 ? ? . 125 ? ?. 132 ? ? . 132 ? ? . 133 ? ?. 134 ?. 135 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1? PLM ? Michael Grieves ? ? ? 2002 ? 10 ? ?Digital Twin?
4、 ? 2009 ?Airframe Digital Twin? ? 2010 ?NASA ? ?Digital Twin? ? 2011 ? Michael Grieves ?Virtually Perfect: Driving Innovative and Lean Products through Product Lifecycle Management? ? NASA ? John Vickers? ? NASA ? ? ? ?Digital Twin? ? 1?2013 ? ? ? ? 1 ?PLM ? 2 ? 2 ? 3 ? 2? ? ? ? (1) 1960-? CAD/CAE ?
5、 ? (2) 2002-2010? ? ?MBSE? (3) 2010-2020? NASA? GE ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 20 ? ? IT ? ? 2018 ?ISO?IEC?IEEE ? ?ISO ? (4) 2020-2030? 2 ?PLM ? ? ? ? ? Gartner ?2017 ? ? Gartner ?2018 ?2019 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2017 ? 2019 ? ? ? Gartner ? ? ? ? ? 2019 ? 2 ? Gartner ? 13%? ? 62%? ? 2022 ? 2/3 ? 4 ? 2020 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
6、? ?Gartner ? 2020 ? ? ? ? ?2019 ? 7 ?Gartner ? ? ?2019 ? 9 ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ?GPT? ?(1) ? ?(2) ?(3) ?(4) ? ? GPT? ? GPT? ? GPT ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? (1750-1850) ? (1850-1950) ? (1950-2020) ? (2020-2080?) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -? ?-? ? ? ? 5 ? ? (1750-1850) ? (1850-1950)
7、 ? (1950-2020) ? (2020-2080?) ? ?/? ?/? ?/? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/? ?/? AI/?/IoT ? ? ? ? ? ? ?21 ? 20 ? ? ? ? ? 3? ? ? 3 ? 6 ? ? 2 ? 2009 ? 2019 ? ISO 23247 ? ? ? 2 ?14 ? ? ? ? ? AFRL Airframe Digital Twin is an integrated system of data, models, and analysis tools to represent an airframe ove
8、r its entire life cycle to provide actionable information for making decisions now (diagnosis) and for the future (prognosis) on a fleet-wide and individual tail number basis considering all sources of uncertainty. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2009 NASA A digital twin is an integrated multi-physics, multi-sc
9、ale, probabilistic simulation of a vehicle or system that uses the best available physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, etc., to mirror the life of its flying twin. ? ? ? ?(?)? ? ? ? ? 2010 Dr. Michael Grieves A virtual product is a use-specific informational or bit-based representation an
10、d its associated rule-based environment of a physical or atom-based product and its natural behavior. Virtualization: Creating an informational or bit-based representation of a physical or atom-based product. The Information Mirroring Model (IMM) as a framework for conceptualizing PLM and explored t
11、he implications of the duality of physical and virtual products. The ability to use virtual products in place of their physical counterparts drives the value of the IMM. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? PLM ? ? ? ? ? ? 2011 NASA/AF OSR A Digital Twin is an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulat
12、ion of an as-built vehicle or system that uses the best available physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, etc., to mirror the life of its corresponding flying twin. ? ? ? ?(?)? ? ? ? ? 2012 7 ? ? ? ? USAF Digital Twin, a virtual representation of the system as an integrated system of data, m
13、odels, and analysis tools applied over the entire life cycle on a tail-number unique and operatorby-name basis. ? ? ? ? 2013 DoD Digital Thread: An extensible, configurable and component enterprise-level analytical framework that seamlessly expedites the controlled interplay of authoritative technic
14、al data, software, information, and knowledge in the enterprise data-information-knowledge systems, based on the Digital System Model template, to inform decision makers throughout a systems life cycle by providing the capability to access, integrate and transform disparate data into actionable info
15、rmation. Digital Twin: An integrated multi-physics, multi-scale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built system, enabled by Digital Thread, that uses the best available models, sensor information, and input data to mirror and predict activities/performance over the life of its corresponding physical
16、 twin. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2014 GE Digital twins are software representations of assets and processes that are used to understand, predict, and optimize performance in order to achieve improved business outcomes. Digital twins consist of three components: a data mod
17、el, a set of analytics or algorithms, and knowledge. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2015 PTC A digital twin is a function of things (the devices and products generating data), connectivity (working to bring networks together), data management (cloud computing, storage, and analytics), and applications. As such
18、, they likely will figure heavily into the construction and logic of IoT platforms. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2015 Dr. the Digital Twin is a set of virtual ?2016 8 ? ? ? ? Michael Grieves & John Vickers information constructs that fully describes a potential or actual physical manufactured product from the micro atomic level to the macro geometrical level. At its optimum, any information that could be obtained from inspecting a physical manufactured product can be obtained from its Digital Twin. Digital Twins are of three types: Digital Twi