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1、LIFIILLUMINATION TOCOMMUNICATIONTABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionandcriteria.2WhatisLiFi?HowLiFiEvolvedIntheLastFewYearsWhichCompaniesAreTryingToMakeLi-FiAHouseholdThingOfTheFuture?WhoInventedInLiFiMuchBeforeItsPublicDisclosure?.6.12.14.16.17.18WhoWasWorkingOnTheLiFiTechnologyBefore2011?TopCountriesInvo
2、lvedInLiFiResearchBefore2011.20.21TheTop5CompaniesThatAreEarlyAdopterOfLiFiTechnologiesTheTopFiveEarlyInventorsOfLiFiBefore2011WhyItsBetterAndNotBetterThanWiFi?.82A tall gentleman is standing at the center of the stage.Everyoneseyes are fixed on him.They all are in a state of confusion and are littl
3、e skeptical after whathe just said.There is pin drop silence around.One can hear the heartbeats ofperson sitting next to him.Then he puts his hand to obstruct light of the lamp.All of a sudden,an HD video playing on the screen stops.What follow next is the applause by audience,breaking the longthree
4、 second silence.“Once again,still dont believe”,says the gentleman whos slightlybent on his knees while moving his palm to obstruct the light again.An eye of a fly stretches over the screen as the video streamingpauses again.The audience is still in awe.He streamed an HD video using an LED.It was no
5、 less than magic.Ithappened first time in history.The guy was indeed a magician.Not the one who tricks hisaudience;but the one who makes an LED do wonders.3But,how?He is a scientist.An inventor.A real magician that tricks real worldproblems and not his audience.Well,its time to pull the curtains.The
6、 stage was of TED.The gentleman was none other than Prof.Harald Haas.He has just demonstrated how Li-Fi works.And how we can use alight bulb to illuminate as well as to communicate.After his demonstration,the communication scientists around theglobe were delighted.And why wouldnt they?Prof Haas gave
7、 thema whole new concept to work on.Prof.Harald Haas demonstrating Li-Fi in his TED talk.4And since his TED Talk on Aug 2011,so much has been contributedby communication researchers around the globe to make this lightsee the light of a day.And today in our brief time together,both of us,yes you and
8、me,will be exploring how the research unfolded with time.Hey,not only this,we will sneak peek into the future to explorehow it will be unfolding.So lean back and grab a cup of coffee as this is going to be quite aride.Lets start with what was happening before Aug 2011.Now to findthat out,the goddess
9、 of research gave me two options.One,use allresearch papers of the LiFi domain and two,use the patents filedin LiFi.The onus was on me to decide.I was in confusion on how to goabout it.In fact they are awesome.But there is acatch.To collect all research papers of LiFi is one hell of a task.Research
10、papers are good.5The first problem is that there are multiple publishing platforms;second,many among them are still not available for public use;third,two research papers could demonstrate a single concept.Sonumbers of research papers published might not give me what Iwas looking for.So I was left w
11、ith patents that,on the contrary,can be accessedfrom a single database,are novel and are readily available.That said,I created few key strings-a conventional method to minepatents-and executed them on Thomson.And what I got was gold,but contaminated.So the next task I had inhand was to separate cont
12、aminates(junk data)from gold(insights).And as soon as I finished,what I was left with was pure gold.Nowthe next task was to polish it and make it shine.In other word,toderive insights.But before I let you know how I rolled,lets first discuss whatexactly Li-Fi is,how its better than its forefather an
13、d how it works.Download Also:Xiaomis global expansion planA Patent portfolio analysis uncovering Xioamis patent acquisitionand filing campaign to build war chest for its global expansion plan.6WHAT IS LIFI?You may be in a room office,home,restaurant or may be in avehicle while reading this post.And
14、I am sure that you can easilyspot a light bulb around you.And in the future,that light bulb could be your wireless hotspot.You and I will be in a world where billions of lightbulbs we usetoday for illumination purpose,will be used for communication,too.And the wireless hotspots which these bulbs wil
15、l create,provideyou an internet speed that isnt possible with the current Wi-Firouter you have in your room.In February of 2015,researchers at Oxford University achieved aspeed of 224 Gbps.You can download 20 HD movies with thatspeed,in just one second.Simply put,an LED will flicker light at extreme
16、ly high speed thatgoes undetected by human eyes,nonetheless,a photo-detectorwill pick it up easily.In the next step,it converts the received signalinto electric current to provide ultra-high speed.The image on thenext page will help you grasp the concept better.7When a constant current is applied to
17、 an LED light-emitting-diode light-bulb,aconstant stream of photons is emitted from the bulb which is observed as visiblelight.If the current is varied slowly,the output intensity of the light dims up anddown.Because LED bulbs are semiconductor devices,the current,and hence theoptical output,can be
18、modulated at extremely high speeds which can be detectedby a photo-detector device and converted back to electrical current.Theintensity modulation is imperceptible to the human eye,and thus communicationis just as seamless as RF radio frequency technology.Using this technique,high-speed information
19、 can be transmitted from an LED light-bulb.According to PureLiFi,a company by Prof Harald Haas,the workingof Li-Fi is as follows:8WHY ITS BETTER AND NOT BETTER THAN WI-FI?Last year,after several lab tests,LiFi achieved record-breakingdata transfer speed of 224Gbps.Even though it was an experimentand
20、 isnt possible in normal conditions,LiFi still has the potential tosurpass WiFi in terms of data transfer rate.The LiFi was publically disclosed in 2011 but researchers wereworking since 2006 to make it a household thing.Now,even though its been almost 5 years since the disclosure andthe R&Ds effort
21、s in this tech have doubled since then,LiFi isntanywhere near in competition to the WiFi.Why are we not seeingit in the market?Besides all the advantages of Li-Fi which has got everyones eyeson it,LiFi has some serious drawbacks which are still to overcomeand may stop it for another 5 years from bec
22、oming popular.Letsread few of them.Download Also:A brief patent landscape study focusing on innovation taking place in 4GLTE technology and companies behind that.The study also reveals the topNPEs working in the same domain.Top 50 Most Innovative Companies of 4G LTE Technology9THE TEMPORARY PROBLEMS
23、LiFi,as you may know,requires specialized LEDs in order to workflawlessly.Prof.Harald Haas claimed that LiFi can work with ourexisting LEDs but,this is just partially true.There are a huge variety of LED bulbs floating in the market,eachwith different qualities.Its not necessary that your LED bulb i
24、scompatible with your choice of LiFi adapter.Also,as LiFi works inline of sight only,you will need to buy at least one LED bulb foreach corner of your room.Second,theres no public product with inbuilt hardware to supportcommunication over LiFi.This means youll need extra adapters foryour devices,may
25、be at least one for every room.There goes thecost up again.Even if you decide to deal with the cost of LEDs and LiFi adaptersand are waiting eagerly to make you house conducive to use LiFi,theres still one major thing left which is going to cost you fewhundred dollars more.That is your new network w
26、iring settings.As you know,your current LED bulbs are connected directly toelectricity but,in the case of LiFi they need to be connected to yournetwork.So,you may need to consider rewiring in your houseagain.10THE NEARLY PERMANENT PROBLEMSCurrently,there are few products from Pure LiFi than can make
27、 itmuch less a pain in the head like,LiFi-X or Li-Flame which are mucheasy to setup than it sounds but they still needs extra wiring andadapters which you need to carry around with you if youre using iton laptop or smartphones.All of the above problems are temporary,right?Once you set it up,youre go
28、od to go.Now lets read some other small but non-temporary problems.RangeThe internet over LiFi is as restricted as light from that LED.It cantpenetrate walls like WiFi.Just one obstacle and bam youll getdisconnected.You will also need to be in a defined range to use itefficiently as light intensity
29、decreases with distance.You cant eventurn your back against the LED bulb because that will againinterfere with your signals.Interference from other light sourcesLiFi is good for indoor purposes,as long as you are in enclosed areawith minimum or no ambient light.If your room has windows or ifyoure si
30、tting on your balcony,there are fair chances that light fromoutside may mess with your LiFi signals.11Additional DevicesTheres no consumer Smartphone or computer with built in LiFisupport.You need additional devices to use it on your laptop.Twosignal emitters on both ends(one for your device and oth
31、er is youralready existing LED),two signal receivers(again,one for yourlaptop and other hooked at your ceiling).Pure LiFi products claim to use a single AP(emitter)for multipleclient side devices(laptops and Smartphones)but will you still needmultiple receivers for each single device.Night problemsY
32、ou may not be able to play your favorite game at nights byswitching off your lights in the dark.Theres a debate to use infraredlight(almost invisible)instead of LEDs in LiFi to make it workablefor nights as well.This,however,is prone to reduce the data speed.Other than that,IR radiation can be harmf
33、ul for your skin.These actually are not problems,these are the limitations of a newcommunication network and almost all of these can be overcome asresearch in LiFi are growing every now and then.LiFi can become a great communication method for home networks,for example,to transfer data from one comp
34、uter to another or tostream high definition movies from your home media station.Itsjust another smartphone away from becoming popular;as soon aswe see Li-Fi compatible smartphones in the market we can assumeit to be entering our house in a flash.12HOW LIFI EVOLVED IN THE LAST FEW YEARSAs I have ment
35、ioned,I used patent analytics to decipher how thingshave been moving for past few years in Li-Fi.In the below chart,Ihave plotted patent filing against year.The chart helps us know thestate of research across the globe in the visible lightcommunication or Li-Fi domain.One thing worth noting is,that
36、though first public disclosure of Li-Fi happened in Aug 2011,but the real game started way before in2006.LiFiPatent Filing Trend13If we divide the above chart into two phases:first before Prof.Haas disclosure and second after his disclosure.We can see that inthe first phase,the research activity in
37、the domain was quiteconstant.There is not any significant increase or decrease in patent filingactivities in that phase.However,in the second phase,which isafter 2011,there is significant increase in patent filing activities.A 66%rise in patent filings was observed in 2012 as compared to2011.Similar
38、ly when I compare all of the patents filed during 2012-2014 with 2006-2011,I find that 26%more patents were filed informer period than the latter.Only 8 patents were filed in 2015.But this should not beconsidered as decrease in research activities.In general,a patentapplication takes 1-2 years to ge
39、t published.And patents filed in2015 havent seen the light of a day yet.Download Also:The State of Innovation in AustraliaTraditionally,the Australian economy has been highly dependent on miningoperations and farming.Although a consistent innovation is happening inthe mining sector,the other sectors
40、 are being hugely neglected.14WHICH COMPANIES ARE TRYING TO MAKE LI-FI AHOUSEHOLD THING OF THE FUTURE?The visible light communication industry seems to have traveledlong since its inception.It is expected to become a huge .Without doubt,we are going to see tech Goliathand some new entities fighting
41、to grab their share of the market.This brings another question on to the table:who all are going tofight that Li-Fi war?And I again used the same patent data set tofind the answer that is in the below chart.$113bnindustry by 2022LiFiTop Assignees15Samsung,with 26 patents,is at the top spot followed
42、by theUniversity of Edinburgh that has filed 6 patents.ETRI is at the thirdspot which has developed visible light technology called LubiNet.LubiNet can deliver digital data via LED lights.The next two spotsare occupied by Universities.This is something I was expecting as auniversity is the birth pla
43、ce of Li-Fi.Professor Harald Haas,the father of LiFi,was associated withthe university of Edinburgh,which is at 5th spot,is the inventor ofmany patents filed by the university.Other than that,Professor hasfiled few patents with NTT DOCOMO and Jacobs UniversityBremen as well.Professor Haas has also e
44、stablished PureLiFi in 2012.His companyfocuses on development of visible light communications.Apartfrom tech goliaths Samsung,NTT Docomo,Panasonic here fewingenious startups Koriist,SamsaraHQ and Sigfox,etc are alsomaking an effort to shine.In the next post of this series,apart from the state of res
45、earchbefore 2011,I will also be unveiling the top ten countries makingefforts to convert your light bulb into a wireless hotspot.And youwill not find either USA or Japan at the top.16Whenever someone discusses Li-Fi,the father of LiFi,hits the mind automatically.In Aug 2011,Prof Haas disclosed LiFi
46、technology in public for the first time.Later on in 2013,his company Pure LiFi became the first companyto manufacture a LiFi based product.Does only Prof Haas or the Edinburgh University,was working onthe technology before its first public disclosure in 2011?Read on tofind the answer.WHO INVENTED IN
47、 LIFI MUCH BEFORE ITS PUBLICDISCLOSURE?Hassthe TED talk of Prof HaraldThe Li-Fi is more than adecade old technology.Click to TweetClicktosharethisstudywithyourfriends!17WHO WAS WORKING ON THE LIFI TECHNOLOGY BEFORE2011?To find the answer,I divided the patent data set into two parts.Inthe first part
48、lies all of the patents filed after 2011 and the secondpart contains patents filed before Aug 2011.I analyzed the second part of the dataset which has patents filed forLiFi technologies way back from 2006.The patent filing trendbelow gives detail of the number of patents filed every year.It seems pr
49、etty clear now that research in LiFi started back in 2006,5 years before its actual release.Nearly 33%of total patents on Li-Fi technologies were filed before 2011.This indicates that researchon LiFi started almost a decade ago.18TOP COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN LIFI RESEARCH BEFORE2011After analyzing the
50、second dataset,I was able to find the top fivecountries that were actively researching in the LiFi domain.Thechart below represents their patent filing.South Korea with 23 patents is at the top spot because Samsungand ETRI were the early adopters of the technology and have beenexploring the domain s
51、ince 2007.The USA with 18 patents is at#2spot followed by Japan where 9 patents were filed in LiFitechnologies.Great Britain,where Prof.Haas University is located,filed 3 patents and sits at the#4 position.19But the picture changes when we consider the overall patent filingin the last decade.The USA
52、 with 58 patents tops the list and leaves South Koreabehind which is now at the second spot.We can also see Chinajoining the top league and is at the 3rd place.The graph abovewitnesses how innovation in LiFi got accelerated after 2011 andchanged the tech landscape completely in just five years.Click
53、tosharethisstudywithyourfriends!20THE TOP 5 COMPANIES THAT ARE EARLY ADOPTER OFLIFI TECHNOLOGIESThe graph below provides detail of the top five companies that areearly adopters of the LiFi domain.Samsung,with 25 patents,tops the list and leaves others behind bya great margin.It filed its first paten
54、t on LiFi technology in 2007.Itsfirst three patents were on the basic working of LiFi equipment.These patents disclose how communication using an LED bulb ispossible.21The first thing that surprised me a lot is finding the University ofEdinburgh,where Prof Haas conducted research on LiFi,notmaking a
55、 place in top the five.The Second surprising thing was thefirst ever patent on LiFi technology which was filed by Huawei in2006.There are total 3 patents filed in 2006 out of which,one if filed byHuawei,second is filed by Panasonic and the third one is the resultof collaboration between Elta System
56、and Optigo.After 2006,the research in LiFi accelerated with every year whichis quite evident from the increasing in the patent filing.Thishappened because many other research institutes started pushingthe envelope ahead.ETRI was one among them.It filed its first Li-Fipatent in 2007,then after a hiat
57、us of three years,it resumed filingfrom 2010.Like top companies/institutes,the list of top five inventors came asa surprise,too.All of the top five inventors were from Samsung.THE TOP FIVE EARLY INVENTORS OF LIFI BEFORE 2011Download Also:Top Patent Prosecution Firms of GermanyWhere there are patent
58、filings,there are law firms and attorneysinvolved.We conducted a patent landscape study to find what they areup to and how the state of patent prosecution looks like in Germany.22If we look at before 2011 stats,Prof Haas name didnt show up inthe top five and he is at the 6th spot.This indicates that
59、 Professorchose to publish research papers instead of filing patents.Thefather of LiFi,for example,published his first research paper on LiFi early in2006.If we look at the total patents filed during 2006-15,Prof.Haasmakes in the top five and is the top 3rd prolific inventor filingpatents.Son Jae Se
60、ung of Samsung managed to clinch the top spot.First paper on practical OFDM implementation for VLCGreyBServicesGreyBisapatentresearch&analyticsfirmwhichusesuniquecombinationsofhumanbrainsandstrongmachinelearningalgorithmtounearthhiddeninsights.GreyB.com55MarketStreet,Level10Singapore048941+65-84306322SalesGFollow us!THANKS FOR READING