《量子网络技术概述.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《量子网络技术概述.pdf(73页珍藏版)》请在三个皮匠报告上搜索。
1、#CiscoLive#CiscoLiveHassan Shapourian,Senior Research ScientistHasan_ShapBRKNWT-1301An Overview of Quantum Network Technologies 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveHassan ShapourianPh.D.in Quantum PhysicsTechnical Lead at Cisco Quantum Labo Analyze,design,and s
2、imulateo Quantum hardwareo Architectures for quantum networkso Quantum network applicationsBRKNWT-1301/Cisco/ET&I/ResearchEmail:twitter:Hasan_Shap 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveEnter your personal notes hereCisco Webex App Questions?Use Cisco Webex App to
3、 chat with the speaker after the sessionFind this session in the Cisco Live Mobile AppClick“Join the Discussion”Install the Webex App or go directly to the Webex spaceEnter messages/questions in the Webex spaceHowWebex spaces will be moderated by the speaker until June 9,2023.1234https:/ 2023 Cisco
4、and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco PublicBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum networksQuantumcomputerUsersQuantum repeatersSatelliteDistributed quantumcomputingRouterAccess pointAccess pointFree spacequantum comm.Local routerBRKN
5、WT-1301#CiscoLive 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco PublicAgendaCrash course on quantum physicsIntro to quantum networksChallenges and opportunitiesConclusionBRKNWT-1301Part IQuantum physics 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum P
6、hysics12345Qubits in the labQubits(probability,superposition)Multi-qubit states(entanglement)Quantum information processingQuantum speedupBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLivePhotonsSmall packets of electromagneticwave(e.g.,light)Qubits in the labPol
7、arization encoding0:horizontal1:verticalWikipediaBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLivePhotonsSmall packets of electromagneticwave(e.g.,light)Qubits in the labPolarization encoding0:horizontal1:verticalWikipediaBRKNWT-1301Electron spinElementary charg
8、ed particlesAtoms/ionsDiamond vacanciesQuantum dotsM.Reimer,Nat.Photonics(2019)C.Bickel,Science(2016)2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTwo possible states:orSuperposition:Linear combination of states50-50 chance of being in 0 or 1.Qubits and superposition pri
9、ncipleBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTwo possible states:orSuperposition:Linear combination of states50-50 chance of being in 0 or 1.Qubits and superposition principleBRKNWT-1301WikipediaCat state!2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights res
10、erved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveZ-measurement basis:,X-measurement basis:,Measurement basesBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum random number generator(QRNG)Completely unpredictable BRKNWT-1301Random bit string 000010110 2023 Cisco and
11、/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum random number generator(QRNG)Completely unpredictable BRKNWT-1301Random bit string 000010110CryptographySampling 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveComputational basis:,Two angles
12、to represent an arbitrary stateAbstract representationBloch vectorBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTwo-qubit stateFor n qubits,we need 2ncoefficients with the basis .Bell state(EPR pair)Multiple qubitsWikipediaBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its af
13、filiates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBell state(EPR pair)Quantum entanglementBRKNWT-1301Wikipedia 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBell state(EPR pair)Quantum entanglementSpinning wheelsBRKNWT-1301Marble in boxWikipedia 2023 Cisco and/or its af
14、filiates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBell state(EPR pair)Quantum entanglementSpinning wheelsBRKNWT-1301Marble in boxWikipedia 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBell state(EPR pair)Bell inequalityJohn Bell(1982)BRKNWT-1301WikipediaSpinning wheels
15、Marble in box 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBell state(EPR pair)Experimental verification of Bell inequalityBRKNWT-1301Spinning wheelsMarble in box 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTransfer a state by making local
16、 measurement on a Bell-pair.TeleportationI.Prepare a Bell pair.BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTransfer a state by making local measurement on a Bell-pair.TeleportationI.Prepare a Bell pair.II.Bell-state measurement.III.Send measurement outcome.
17、BRKNWT-130101 or 10 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveTransfer a state by making local measurement on a Bell-pair.TeleportationI.Prepare a Bell pair.II.Bell-state measurement.III.Send measurement outcome.BRKNWT-130101 or 10Device-independent secure communicat
18、ion 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveSewing short-range Bell pairs to make long-range Bell pairs!Entanglement swappingI.Prepare a Bell pair.III.Send measurement outcome.II.Bell-state measurement.BRKNWT-130101 or 10 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights
19、 reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveSewing short-range Bell pairs to make long-range Bell pairs!Entanglement swappingI.Prepare a Bell pair.III.Send measurement outcome.II.Bell-state measurement.BRKNWT-130101 or 10Long-distance communication 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Publ
20、ic#CiscoLiveUnknown quantum states cannot be perfectly cloned.No-cloning theoremBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveUnknown quantum states cannot be perfectly cloned.No-cloning theoremBRKNWT-1301Security Privacy 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All
21、rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveUnknown quantum states cannot be perfectly cloned.Proof:No-cloning theoremCloning MachineCloning MachineBRKNWT-1301By contradiction 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveUnknown quantum states cannot be perfectly cloned.Proof
22、:No-cloning theoremCloning MachineCloning Machine(+)Cloning Machine=(+)BRKNWT-1301By contradiction 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveUnknown quantum states cannot be perfectly cloned.Proof:No-cloning theoremCloning MachineCloning Machine(+)(+)(+)Cloning Machi
23、ne=(+)BRKNWT-1301By contradiction 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information processingQuantum circuitsD.Ferrari,IEEE Trans.on Quantum(2021)BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRough idea:Quantum pa
24、rallelismDeutschs algorithm:Find the function with least querries.Quantum system can evaluate the function in one shotone shot!We implement a quantum circuit which does Quantum speedupBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRough idea:Quantum parallelis
25、mDeutschs algorithm:Find the function with least querries.Quantum system can evaluate the function in one shotone shot!We implement a quantum circuit which does Quantum speedupBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRough idea:Quantum parallelismDeutsch
26、s algorithm:Find the function with least querries.Quantum system can evaluate the function in one shotone shot!We implement a quantum circuit which does Quantum speedupAccess to both outputs!BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRough idea:Quantum par
27、allelismDeutschs algorithm:Find the function with least querries.Quantum system can evaluate the function in one shotone shot!We implement a quantum circuit which does Quantum speedupAccess to both outputs!BRKNWT-1301Exponentially-fastcompute 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisc
28、o Public#CiscoLivePart I:SummaryBRKNWT-1301SecuritySensingCommunicationEntanglementSecurityPrivacyNo-cloningIntrinsic randomnessSpeedupSuperpositionQuantumPart IIQuantum networks50%2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum networks1234What is a quantum networ
29、k?Applications of quantum networksHow to realize a quantum network?Quantum networks building blocksBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum networksQuantumcomputerUsersQuantum repeatersSatelliteDistributed quantumcomputingRouterAccess pointAccess
30、 pointFree spacequantum comm.Local routerBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveCryptographyDistributed sensingClock synchronizationDistributed quantum computingPrivacy-preserving computingApplications of quantum networksBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or i
31、ts affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveApplications of quantum networksCryptographyQuantum Key Distribution(QKD)Alice and Bob need a shared keyBRKNWT-1301ciphertext2&%4)y*#!AliceHello WorldBobHello World 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveAppl
32、ications of quantum networksCryptographyQuantum Key Distribution(QKD)Alice and Bob need a shared keyRelated sessions:BRKETI-1302(on-demand)by Stephen DiAdamoBRKSEC-3129(Wed 3pm)by Frederic DetienneBRKNWT-1301ciphertext2&%4)y*#!AliceHello WorldBobHello World 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All right
33、s reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBRKNWT-1301ATCA telescope(Australia)Telescope arrays need to sharethe same phase.Applications of quantum networksDistributed sensingWikipediaClassical precision 1/Quantum precision 1/2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveBRKNWT-13
34、01Dynamic coordination of senders/receiversApplications of quantum networksCoordination,clock synchronizationAliceBobCharlieZach 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveDistributed quantum computing“thirty mens heft of grasp in the gripe of his handBeowulf ClusterG
35、oogles quantum computerDistributed quantum computing“thirty mens heft of grasp in the gripe of his handBeowulf ClusterGoogles quantum computerSuperconducting quantum computerApplications of quantum networksDistributed quantum computingSandia National LabF.Lecocq/NISTBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its
36、 affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveApplications of quantum networksPrivacy-preserving computingL.Jia(https:/ 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveService to provide:end-to-end delivery of qubitsHow to measure the performance of quantum network
37、s?Performance of quantum networksRate,latency,jitter,BERClassical networksRate,fidelityQuantum networksBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRate-distance tradeoffWhy is quantum communication so hard?Rate decays exponentially with distanceCan we ampli
38、fy signal?BRKNWT-1301BADistanceRate 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveRate-distance tradeoffWhy is quantum communication so hard?Rate decays exponentially with distanceCan we amplify signal?No,because of the no-cloning theorem:Quantum signals Quantum signals
39、cannot be copied!cannot be copied!BRKNWT-1301BADistanceRate 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferOne-wayQuantum error correction is performed at each repeater:ABBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Pu
40、blic#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferOne-wayTwo-wayQuantum error correction is performed at each repeater:ABABBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum network componentsQuantum memoryBRKNWT-1301Adrien Nicolas,PhD thesis(2014)2023 Cisco and/o
41、r its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayBRKNWT-1301AB=Entanglement distribution network 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayABElementary link entanglementBRKNWT-1301=Entang
42、lement distribution network 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayABBRKNWT-1301Entanglement swapping 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayABEnd-to-end enta
43、nglementBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayBRKNWT-1301ABfailed link 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum information transferTwo-wayBRKNWT-1301ABfailed linkNeed for ne
44、w routing protocols!2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum network componentsStore qubitsSynchronizationGenerate qubitsSignal routingQuantum error correctionMeasure qubitsDetectorSourceRouterMemoryQuantum NetworksBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliate
45、s.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLivePart II:Quantum networksCryptography,privacy-preserving computing,enhanced sensing,ApplicationTransportNetworkLink PhysicalSwitching,routing,schedulingTransporting physical qubits,error correction,purificationRequirements:quantum memory,detector,sourceEnd-
46、to-end(logical)quantum information transmissionChallenges:photon loss/channel noise/noisy quantum hardwareBRKNWT-1301Challenges/opportunities 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum technology road mapProof-of-principle10-100 qubit.Noisy intermediate scale
47、quantum(NISQ)Quantum error correction(prototype)102-103qubits.One logical qubit.Small errorcorrected chip103-104 qubits.Perform logical gate.Academic quantum advantage/Hybrid ML104-106qubits.Many logical qubits.Fault-tolerant quantum computer106+qubits.Materials science simulation,Shors algorithm,et
48、c.BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum technology road mapProof-of-principle10-100 qubit.Noisy intermediate scale quantum(NISQ)Quantum error correction(prototype)102-103qubits.One logical qubit.Small errorcorrected chip103-104 qubits.Perform
49、logical gate.Academic quantum advantage/Hybrid ML104-106qubits.Many logical qubits.Fault-tolerant quantum computer106+qubits.Materials science simulation,Shors algorithm,etc.We are We are here!here!BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveCisco Quantum L
50、ab opens soon!BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveQuantum networks coexistcoexist with classical networks and offer new applications.Quantum information is fragile(noisy hardware,photon loss).Need to design efficient and scalable quantum routers.A c
51、hallenging piece is quantum memory.Need for optimal resource allocation and routing protocols.ConclusionsBRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLiveFill out your session surveys!Attendees who fill out a minimum of four session surveys and the overall event
52、 survey will get Cisco Live-branded socks(while supplies last)!These points help you get on the leaderboard and increase your chances of winning daily and grand prizesAttendees will also earn 100 points in the Cisco Live Challenge for every survey completed.BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliat
53、es.All rights reserved.Cisco PublicVisit Outshift in the World of Solutions!Take a picture of this slide and bring it to the Outshift booth in the World of Solutions.(#3307)Get your badge scanned to be entered into our daily drawing for an Apple iPad!Explore Explore BRKNWT-1301 2023 Cisco and/or its
54、 affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco PublicContinue your educationVisit the Cisco Showcase for related demosBook your one-on-oneMeet the Engineer meetingAttend the interactive education with DevNet,Capture the Flag,and Walk-in LabsVisit the On-Demand Library for more sessions at www.CiscoL you#Cisc
55、oLive 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco Public#CiscoLive71Gamify your Cisco Live experience!Get points Get points for attending this session!for attending this session!Open the Cisco Events App.Click on Cisco Live Challenge in the side menu.Click on View Your Badges at the top.Click the+at the bottom of the screen and scan the QR code:How:123471 2023 Cisco and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Cisco PublicBRKNWT-1301#CiscoLive