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17、30.35%?2022?180?44?100?1817?261?214?2015?2019?420?-?20112021?12?12 20112021?4.0?2030?30%?2021?3?2035?9?45?9?20162017?200?20182020?20212035?2036?10?6?27?10?10?2018?10?8?17%?2019?2022?40%?2017?46?ECER101?5?/100?120?/?1.3?1.4?2005?7?6?2012?8?7?2012?1?80%?/?20112021?13?47?13 20112021?2019?2020?48.4%?53?
18、73.1%?2021?3200?0.4%?2.5?11.3?low cost green car?LCGC?25?2021?17.82%?150?450?2020?69?2021?112?2020?2022?2022?36?48 2020?2021?7?4%?200?2018?180?133?4.0?Indonesia Automotive 4.0?2030?2021?ICE?2025?2030?2040?2050?25?11?7 https:/bsd-kadin.id/2022/05/13/overview-of-automotive-sector-in-indonesia0of%20veh
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21、035?2.0?57?1?.?EB/OL.?2023-01-06?2023-03-22.https:/ The Automotive Industry in the Era of Sustainability report R/OL.?2020-03-05?2022-11-22.https:/ Fit for 55EB/OL.2022.https:/www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/green-deal/fit-for-55-the-eu-plan-for-a-green-transition/.9?.?EB/OL.?2021-07-29?2022-07-
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23、hicle Emission Schemes EB/OL.https:/onemotoring.lta.gov.sg/content/onemotoring/home/buying/upfront-vehicle-costs/emissions-charges.html.12 Eric Yep.?EB/OL.2022-02-18.https:/ International Trade Administration.South Africa-Country Commercial Guide EB/OL.2021-09-11 https:/www.trade.gov/country-commerc
24、ial-guides/south-africa-automotive.14 Minister Rob Davies:South African Automotive Masterplan and Extension of Automotive Production and Development ProgrammeEB/OL.2018-11-23.https:/www.gov.za/speeches/minister-rob-davies-media-statement-south-african-automotive-masterplan-2035-and-extension.15 Gree
25、n Transport Strategy for South Africa(2018-2050)EB/OL.2018 https:/rise.esmap.org/data/files/library/south-africa/Documents/Renewable%20Energy/South%20Africa_Green%20transport%20strategy%20for%20SA.pdf.16 Remeredzai Joseph Kuhudzai.Electric Vehicles In South Africa:Where Are We Now?.2020.EB/OL.2020-0
26、4-10 https:/ South Africas First Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement EB/OL.2021.https:/www.dffe.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/draftnationalydeterminedcontributions_2021updated.pdf.18 The South African Road to Production of Electric Vehicles(The Roadmap).EB/OL.2021-05-18
27、.https:/www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202105/evgreenpaper.pdf.19 Portugal Country Commercial Guide EB/OL.2021-10-02.https:/www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/portugal-automotive-and-automotive-parts.20 Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050(RCN2050):Long-term Strategy for?Carbon Neut
28、rality of the Portuguese Economy by 2050 EB/OL.2019-06-06.https:/cop23.unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf.21 How To Save Money When Buying an EV In Portugal EB/OL.2020 https:/ Russia rolls back vehicle standards over 30 years as sanctions hit supply chains.EB/OL.2022-04-21.https:/trans.info/en/russia-vehicle-standard-285647.23?.?.EB/OL.2021-08-03.http:/ Overview of Automotive Sector in Indonesia.EB/OL.2022-05-13.https:/bsd-kadin.id/2022/05/13/overview-of-automotive-sector-in-indonesia.26?.?.EB/OL.2022-02-22.https:/