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1、DIGITAL NEWS PROJECTJANUARY 2024Journalism,Media,and Technology Trends and Predictions 2024Nic Newman1Contents About the Author 2Acknowledgements 2 Executive Summary 31.Another Challenging Year Ahead for Journalism 62.Platform Shifts and the End of the Referral Model?83.The Future of Search in the E
2、ra of ArtificialIntelligence134.The Business of Journalism Faces Further Upheaval 175.Changing Formats of News:More Audio and Video on the Way 216.News Disconnection and Selective News Avoidance 247.GenerativeAIandtheImpacton the Newsroom 278.ArtificialIntelligence,Elections,and the News 329.NewDevi
3、cesandInterfaces3610.Conclusions 39Survey Methodology 40RecentRISJPublications42 DOI:10.60625/risj-0s9w-z770THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM2About the Author Nic NewmanisSeniorResearchAssociateattheReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism,where he has been lead author of the annual D
4、igital News Report since 2012.He is also a consultant on digital media,working actively with news companies on product,audience,and businessstrategiesfordigitaltransition.Hehasproducedamediaandjournalismpredictionsreportforthelast14years.ThisistheeighthtobepublishedbytheReutersInstitute.Nic was a fo
5、unding member of the BBC News Website,leading international coverage as World Editor(19972001).As Head of Product Development(200110)he led digital teams,developing websites,mobile,and interactive TV applications for all BBC Journalism sites.AcknowledgementsThe author would like to thank 314 news le
6、aders from 56 countries and territories,who responded to a survey around the key challenges and opportunities in the year ahead.Respondentsincluded76editors-in-chief,65CEOsormanagingdirectors,and53headsofdigital or innovation and came from some of the worlds leading traditional media companies aswel
7、lasdigital-bornorganisations(seebreakdownattheendofthereport).Survey input and answers helped guide some of the themes in this report and data have been used throughout.Some direct quotes do not carry names or organisations,at the request of those contributors.The author is particularly grateful to
8、Richard Fletcher and the research team at the Reuters Institutefortheirideasandsuggestions,andtoarangeofotherexpertsandnewsexecutiveswho generously contributed their time in background interviews(see full list at the end of this report).Thanks also go to Alex Reid for input on the manuscript over th
9、e holiday season and keeping the publication on track.Aswithmanypredictionsreportsthereisasignificantelementofspeculation,particularlyaroundspecificsandthereportshouldbereadbearingthisinmind.Havingsaidthat,anymistakes factual or otherwise should be considered entirely the responsibility of the autho
10、r.PublishedbytheReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalismwiththesupportoftheGoogleNewsInitiative(GNI).3JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Executive SummaryThedisruptivepowerofartificialintelligence(AI)willsweepthroughtheinformationspacethisyear at a time of intense political an
11、d economic volatility around the world.The implications for the reliability of information,and the sustainability of the mainstream media are likely to be profound in a year that sees critical elections due in more than 40 democracies,with wars continuing to rage in Europe and the Middle East.Agains
12、t that background and with one forecastsuggestingthatthevastmajorityofallinternetcontentwillbesyntheticallyproducedby 20261journalistsandnewsorganisationswillneedtorethinktheirroleandpurposewithsome urgency.Butitsnotjustcontentthatisgoingtobesupercharged,distributionisalsosetforamajorupheaval.This w
13、ill be the year when Search Generative Experiences(SGE)will start to roll out acrosstheinternet,alongwithahostofAI-drivenchatbotsthatwillofferafasterandmoreintuitivewaytoaccessinformation.FollowingsharpdeclinesinreferraltrafficfromFacebookandX(formerlyTwitter),thesechangesarelikely,overtime,tofurthe
14、rreduceaudienceflowstoestablishednewssitesandputevenmorepressureonthebottomline.Intheiroptimisticmoments,publishers look forward to an era where they might break their dependence on a few giant tech platforms and build closer direct relationships with loyal customers.To that end we can expect media
15、owners to build more barriers to content this year,as well as engaging expensivelawyerstoprotecttheirintellectualproperty(IP).Atthesametime,theyllbeaware that these strategies risk leaving their brands outside in the cold by making it even more challenging to reach younger and less educated audience
16、s many of whom are already comfortable with algorithmically generated news and have weaker ties to traditional media.But with change comes opportunity and this report is full of inspiring ways in which news organisationsaroundtheworldareadaptingtothisnewworld.EmbracingthebestofAIwhilemanaging its ri
17、sks will be the underlying narrative of the year ahead.How media leaders view the year aheadThesearethemainfindingsfromourindustrysurvey,drawnfromastrategicsampleofmorethan 300 digital leaders from more than 50 countries and territories.Just half(47%)of our sample of editors,CEOs,and digital executi
18、ves say they are confidentabouttheprospectsforjournalismintheyearahead,witharoundone-tenth(12%)expressinglowconfidence.Statedconcernsrelatetorisingcosts,decliningadvertising revenue,and a slowing in subscription growth as well as increasing legal and physical harassment.Reasons to be cheerful includ
19、e the hope that closely fought elections in the US and elsewhere could boost consumption and interest,albeit temporarily and with the potential for further damage to trust.1 https:/www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/Europol_Innovation_Lab_Facing_Reality_Law_Enforcement_And_The_C
20、hallenge_Of_Deepfakes.pdfTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM4 Almosttwo-thirds(63%)ofoursurveyrespondentssaytheyareworriedaboutasharpdeclineinreferraltrafficfromsocialmediasites.DatasourcedforthisreportfromanalyticsproviderChartbeatshowsthattraffictonewssitesfromFacebookfell48%in2023,w
21、ithtrafficfromX/Twitterdecliningby27%.Inresponsetothesedevelopments,aroundthree-quarters(77%)saytheywillfocusmoreontheirowndirectchannelsinthenextyear,withafifth(22%)resortingtocuttingcostsandasimilarproportion(20%)experimentingwithalternativethird-partyplatforms.Morespecifically,publisherssaytheyll
22、beputtingmoreeffortintoWhatsApp(+61netscore)2andInstagram(+39)followingMetasdecisiontoopenupbroadcastchannelsforpublishers.InterestinvideonetworkssuchasTikTok(+55)andYouTube(+44)remainstrong while Google Discover is becoming a more important but volatile referral source.Bycontrast,publishersentiment
23、towardsFacebookhasworsenedfurtherthisyear(-38netscore)alongwithX/Twitter(-39netscore).Relatedtotheabove,themajorityofourpublisherrespondentssaytheyplantocreatemorevideo(+64netscore),morenewsletters(+52),andmorepodcasts(+47),butbroadlythe same number of news articles as they lean into some of the few
24、 remaining areas of audience and advertiser growth.Around half(54%)of respondents admit their companies are mostly focused on maximising attention rather than being more respectful of their audiences time(37%).Thetwindangersofselectivenewsavoidanceandnewsfatigueremainamajorsourceofconcernformediacom
25、panieslookingtosustaininterestinnewsfromGazaandUkraine,amongstotherdifficultstories.Strategiesthatpublishersconsiderveryimportanttocounterthesetrendsincludebetterexplanationofcomplexstories(67%),moresolutions-oriented or constructive approaches to storytelling(44%),and more inspirational human stori
26、es(43%).There was less support for commissioning more positive(21%)or entertaining(18%)news.On the business side,publishers continue to invest in subscription and membership,with alargemajorityofthosesurveyed(80%)sayingthiswillbeanimportantrevenuestream,ahead of both display and native advertising.M
27、ost of those operating a paid model report either a slight increase,or stable subscription numbers in the last year,despite the difficulteconomicoutlook.AsanumberofpublishersaimtodolucrativelicensingdealswithAIplatformsthisyear,thereislittleoptimismthatanybenefitswillbeequallyshared.Inoursurveyathir
28、d(35%)of respondents believed that most of the money would go to big publishers.Around half(48%)felt that,at the end of the day,there would be very little money for any publisher.2 Net score is the percentage point difference between the proportion that responded with less effort and more effort.5JO
29、URNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024 UsingAIforback-endnewsautomation(56%)isconsideredthemostimportantuseofthe technology by publisher respondents,followed by offering better recommendations(37%)andcommercialuses(28%).PublishersareambivalentaboutusingAIforcontentcreation,which i
30、s considered the biggest reputational risk by over half of respondents.Experimental interfaces to the internet such as AR and VR glasses,lapel pins,and other wearable devices will be a feature of the year ahead.But existing voice activated devices suchasheadphonesandsmartspeakers,astheygetupgradedwi
31、thAItechnologies,areconsidered by respondents to be the most likely option(41%)to displace or at least supplement the smartphone in the medium term.Other possible developments in 2024?Building on last years prediction,we will see even more newspapers stopping daily print production this year as prin
32、t costs rise and distribution networks weaken or in some cases reach breaking point.Expecttoseeasignificantshifttowardsbundlingofdigitalnewsandnon-newscontentas large publishers look to lock in existing customers.All access subscriptions will include games,podcasts,magazines,books,andevencontentfrom
33、other publishers.Big tech platforms will also be leaning further into paid business models as they look to reduce their dependence on advertising.X,Meta,and TikTok will offer more premium servicesthisyearincludingad-freeandprivacy-friendlyoptions.AIbotsandpersonalassistantswillgainmoretractionin2024
34、withup-to-datenewsandsport an important use case raising existential questions about intellectual property.Manyofthesebotswillbepersonalityorjournalistdrivenascloningtechnologiesimprove,raising legal and ethical questions.The battles between the AI Doomers and the AI Accelerationists will smoulder o
35、n through 2024,leadingtomorehigh-profilestatementsabouttheriskstomankindandboardroomupheavals.Accelerationists will remain in the driving seat this year as governments struggle to understand and control the technology LastyearwecorrectlypredictedthatElonMuskwouldstepdownasCEOofTwitterbutfewpeoplecou
36、ldhaveforeseenthefullextentoftheturmoilwhichsawhugejoblosses,a name change(X),and Musk accusing advertisers of blackmail.Expect more straight talking and sharp changes of direction in 2024.THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM61.Another Challenging Year Ahead for JournalismWars in Ukrain
37、e and the Middle East as well as climate change,the aftermath of the pandemic,and the economic downturn have put unprecedented strain on newsrooms in the last year and that relentless pressure is set to continue in 2024.On the business side,a slower ad market,theimminentdemiseofremainingthird-partyc
38、ookies,andlessreliabletrafficfrombigtechplatformshascontributedtowidespreadjobcutsacrosstheindustry.Were seeing turbulence amongst our client base over unstable advertising revenues and concern about referral traffic from social media.PhilChetwynd,GlobalNewsDirector,AgenceFrance-Presse(AFP)Journalis
39、m in South Africa remains in crisis mode.Retrenchments continue and the market has shrunk by two thirds in last decade.Styli Charalambous,CEO,The Daily Maverick,South AfricaThese economic challenges are compounded in many western democracies by an erosion of mediatrustaswellasincreasingverbalandphys
40、icalattacksonjournalists.Inotherpartsoftheworld,journalismischallengedbyincreasingdependenceongovernmentadvertisingorby politicians who,directly or indirectly,undermine or harass those who try to hold them to account.Inoursurvey,justhalf(47%)ofoursampleofeditors,CEOs,anddigitalleaderssaytheyareconfi
41、dentaboutjournalismsprospectsintheyearahead,witharoundfourinten(41%)uncertainandone-tenth(12%)expressinglowconfidence.Just half of respondents are confident about the year aheadQ2.To what extent are you confident about journalisms prospects in the year ahead?Base:314.More positively,a number of upma
42、rket publishers can see now a path to sustainable growth from a combination of digital subscriptions and other revenue streams.There are also hopes thatayearofmajorpoliticalandsportingeventsmightboostthenumberofengagedusersandhelp counter audience fragmentation and news avoidance.We see many challen
43、ges from the revenuesideandthepoliticalenvironment,saysMaraRamrez,DeputyManagingEditoratelDiario.es in Spain.but at the same time,it will probably be a year of big audiences around the world with several key elections and the Olympic Games.Electionsdooftenprovideatemporaryboosttotraffic,butthereisal
44、soariskthatdivisiveand polarised politics will further undermine trust in the news media.The polarisation of opinion,drivenbysocialmedia,posesoneofthemostdifficultchallengestothecoremission2Less than half are confident about the year ahead12%are not confident,many more are distinctly uneasy.Were see
45、ing turbulence amongst our client base over unstable advertising revenues and concern about referral traffic from social media.Phil Chetwynd,Global News Director,AFPWe see challenges from the revenue side and political environment but probably a year of big audiences around the world for elections a
46、nd the Olympic games Maria Ramirez,El Diario,Spain12%41%47%Not confidentNeither/norConfident7JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024ofjournalists,saysonesenioreditor.Agenerationisgrowingupscepticaloftraditional(andfrankly,any)media.Europeannewsexecutivesseelargelysimilarproblems:
47、Ifeelthateventhoughjournalisticexcellenceisstillrecognisedandrewarded,polarisationandlackofmedialiteracymaybestructuralproblemsthatcanhamperjournalisminthemediumterm,arguesFranciscoBalsemo,CEOoftheImpresagroupinPortugal.Butamoreoptimisticperspectivecomes from the Netherlands,despite the recent shock
48、 victory for the far right:The more our societyseemsdivided,thegreatertheroleofjournalisminprovidinginterpretation,suggestsRennieRijpma,Editor-in-ChiefatAlgemeen Dagblad(AD).Overall,themoodinoursurveyresponsesisoneofstrongbeliefinthevalueofjournalismbutgreat uncertainty about the year ahead,fuelled
49、by the knowledge that another huge wave of technical disruption is on the way.A rather chilly wind is coming from a macro-economic perspective and from tectonic shifts in the field of generative AI.LadinaHeimgartner,CEORingierMedia,SwitzerlandIntherestofthisreport,wellexploresomeofthekeychallengesto
50、thebusinessandpracticeofjournalismidentifiedbyindustryleadersinmoredetail.THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM82.Platform Shifts and the End of the Referral Model?Evidence that Facebook and others have been deprioritising news has been mounting over the last year.Parent company Meta has
51、 also been trying to counter the threat of TikTok incentivisingcreatorsratherthanjournaliststousetheirplatform.MeanwhiletheturmoilatX(formerly Twitter),which included the removal of headlines from publisher posts making it harder to distinguish them from other content sources has sharply diminished
52、its value as asourceofintelligenceandtraffic.3 Data from the analytics company,Chartbeat,sourced for this report,shows the impact of these changes on publisher referrals during 2023.Aggregate Facebooktraffictonewsandmediapropertieshasdeclinedby48%,withtrafficfromXdown27%andInstagramby10%.Decline in
53、traffic to news websites from Facebook,X(Twitter),and Instagram in 2023 Number of referrals in millions to news and media websites in the X/Twitter and Instagram Chatbeat network Source:Data analytics company Chartbeat using aggregated data from 1930 news and media websites with a high proportion fr
54、om the United States and Europe.Note:Google Discover referrals are included in Google search but Google News is not.Theseshifts,whichstartedafewyearsago,havebeenbehindthestrugglesofwell-knowndigital-bornbrandssuchasBuzzfeedandViceNewswhichhaveclosedorsignificantlydownsizedinthelastyear.Butnationalan
55、dlocalpublishersallovertheworldarealsosuffering:BothFacebookandX/TwitterasaplacefortrafficorevennewsconsumptionareprettymuchdeadfornewsorganisationsinIndia,notesoneleadingeditorrespondingtoour survey.Q5.To what extent,if at all,is your company worried about declines in referral traffic from big soci
56、al media sites such as Facebook and X/Twitter?Base:302.3 https:/ in number of referrals to news and media sites 2023 from Facebook,X(Twitter),Instagram and TikTok05000250001/12/202201/01/202301/02/202301/03/202301/04/202301/05/202301/06/202301/07/202301/08/202301/09/202301/10/202301/11/20
57、23Millions(page views)FacebookTwitter/XInstagram48%year on year decline27%year on year decline050100150200Millions(page views)1 Dec 20221 Nov 202310%year on year decline550060006500700075008000Millions(page views)Search(including Google Discover)Bumpy but stableyear on year 1 Dec 20221 Nov 2023Dec J
58、an Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov2022 2023Search(including Google Discovery)4End of referral model?63%of respondents say they are worried about the decline of referrals from Facebook and X9JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024The big social media resetUnderpinning the
59、recent decline in traditional social networks such as Facebook and X are two key shifts.First,the toxic nature of many conversations about news and politics have pushed many people towards private spaces such as messaging apps.This has led to even more unrepresentative and problematic content for th
60、e more open platforms to deal with.Secondly,wehaveseenthestrengtheningofcontent-basednetworkssuchasYouTubeandTikTok,where creators have access to increasingly powerful creation and distribution tools andwherethesocialaspectsareimportantbutoftensecondary.TheReutersInstituteDigital News Report 2023sho
61、wedthatthesevideo-basednetworksaregrowingextremelyfastacrossthe world and are increasingly how younger audiences access their news.This is challenging for many news publishers,partly because video is not their natural skillset,and partly because they offer few opportunities to link back to news webs
62、ites where they can monetise content.Many traditional news organisations also struggle to get visibility,compared with young creators who are versed in the language and conventions of the platform.Dylan Page,a young news creator from the UK,for example,has more followers and regular video views than
63、 the BBC or New York Timescombined,evenonimportantstorieslikeGaza(see below).Young creators often outstrip news publishers on TikTok in viewsPublishersknowthatiftheywishtoengagenext-generationaudiences,theywillneedtouptheirgameinshort-formvideoandthisisevidentinoursurveyresultswithmoreeffortbeingpla
64、nnedforbothTikTok(+55netscore)andYouTube(+44).But it wont only be about consumption in video networks.Publishers also think there are opportunitiestodrivemorereferralsfrommessagingserviceslikeWhatsApp(+61),businessnetworkslikeLinkedIn(+41),aswellasrelativelynewsourcesoftrafficsuchasGoogleDiscover.Wi
65、ththelaunchofThreadsandBluesky,thejobofaudienceengagementteamshasbecomemore demanding than ever.TikTok creators often outstrip news publishersDylan Page-10 million followersNew York Times,570,000 followers5m views370,000 viewsBBC News,2.6m followers45,000 viewsTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF
66、JOURNALISM10Which tech platforms will news organisations be focusing on in 2024?Net score calculated as proportion of respondents saying they are putting more effort,minus those putting less effort.Q7.When it comes to distribution and engagement via third party platforms,will you be putting more or
67、less effort into the following platforms in the coming year?Base:299.What might happen this year?Publishers focus more on direct trafficInoursurveythemajorityofpublisherrespondents(77%)saytheywillworkharderonbuildingdirect links with consumers via websites,apps,newsletters,and podcasts channels over
68、 which they have more control.Aroundafifth(22%)saytheywillbecuttingcosts.Worryingly,almostonein15saytheyhaveno strategy for this.To be completely honest,we watch this helplessly and try to quickly pick up the last crumbs that fall off,says one leading European news executive.With less focus on socia
69、l channels a key question will be how to attract audiences.Some publishers and broadcasters will look to spend more on marketing(17%);others will explore or put more effort into alternative platforms(20%).We will prioritise our resources on our own channels and platforms where we can reach a youngau
70、dience,saysGardSteiro,Editor-in-ChiefatNorwegiantabloidVerdens Gang(VG).We are particularly focused on maintaining our strong position on Snapchat and building a loyal audienceonTikTok.Inaddition,webelievethatforourpartthereisuntappedpotentialinoptimising our content better for search engines.-39-38
71、-23724394144495561Publishers plan to lean into WhatsApp,TikTok,and YouTube6TikTokInstagramGoogle other(Discover,AMP etc.)Facebook0406020-40-20Net:MoreNet:LessX(formerly Twitter)YouTubeGoogle SearchApple NewsSnapchatNEW-8-11WhatsAppLinkedInREMAINS CRITICAL FOCUS FOR PUBLISHERS+10PUBLISHERS HAVE PRETT
72、Y MUCH GIVEN UP ON THESE TWO PLATFORMS Threads11JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Alternative strategies for reaching audiences Q6.What strategies is your company thinking about most in the light of decline in these referrals and potential loss of revenue/reach?Select all th
73、at apply.Base:300.WhatsaPP becomes a much bigger deal for neWsPublishers say they will be putting more effort into WhatsApp this year following the launch of functionality that allows a range of personalities and brands to create broadcast channels.Users canfolloworsubscribetoabrand,reacttopostsusin
74、gemojis,andforwardthemintoprivatechats but there will be no open commenting.4Some early adopting publishers say that this new channel is already producing more referrals than Facebook and X.WhatsApp has the advantage of being widely used by mainstream audiences,according to the digital director of o
75、ne leading French publisher.There is greater trust in this network and the creation of communities is one of our key priorities.The New York Times has already amassed millions of followers and the Daily Mail has launched a number of channels including one that delivers daily news about the Kardashia
76、ns.The publisher of one European digital start up believes these channels could,over time,have the same power as pushnotificationsandnewsletters.WhatsAppchannelshavebeenextendedto150countriesandsimilarfunctionalityisalsoavailableinInstagram.4 https:/ to deal with the loss of referrals5%6%17%20%22%77
77、%Dont knowWe dont have a strategy for thisExtra marketing spendMore on alternative platformsCutting costsInvesting more in direct channels9WhatsApp ChannelsNew York Times 6.2m followersDaily Mail Kardashians:3.3m followersFinancial Times;Israel/Gaza 34,000 followers THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STU
78、DY OF JOURNALISM12threads could Play a bigger role in neWs this yearMetasnewshort-formmessagingservicewasbilledasanalternativetoElonMusksXplatformandquicklyreached100mactiveusers.IthasfinallybecomeavailableintheEUaftercomplyingwith stricter rules.5 Despite bosses saying that they dont want the platf
79、orm to be dominated by politics and hard news,much more of this is creeping onto the platform and,with elections ontheway,wecanexpectmorenewsbrandsandhigh-profilejournaliststotaketheplatformseriously this year.social Platforms lean into subscriPtionBig tech is not immune to the advertising downturn
80、and has also been looking to pick up paid content revenue.Following Elon Musks decision to charge for blue ticks,other platforms have been offering extra privileges for paying members including,in some cases,preferential distribution.InaseparatedevelopmentMetawillbeofferingapaidversionofbothFacebook
81、andInstagraminEUcountries,costinganinitial9.99amonth,thoughthisisprincipallyaway of meeting privacy requirements set by European data laws,rather than a strategic shift away from a core advertising model.6 Many people have complained bitterly about Facebooks productstrackingyouacrosstheinternet.This
82、yearwellfindouthow much people value the ability to opt out.5 https:/ https:/ TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 20243.TheFutureofSearchintheEraofArtificialIntelligenceLookingtotheyearahead,publishersareworriedaboutafurthersubstantialreductioninreferraltrafficasAIbecomesintegratedintosearchenginesand
83、othergateways.Google,Microsoft,and others have been exploring new ways of surfacing content known as Search Generative Experiences(SGE),that serve direct answers to queries rather than provide the traditional list of links to websites.MicrosoftBingsearchwasamongthefirsttointegratereal-timenews,throu
84、ghitscollaborationwithOpenAI,thecreatorofChatGPT.Theunderlyingmodelsweretrainedoncontentfromall over the internet including news websites.Now these capabilities are being integrated throughoutthecompanysextensiveproductset,rebrandedasMicrosoftsCopilotAIassistant.Google,for its part,has upped its und
85、erlying capabilities with the release of Gemini,a set of multimodallargelanguagemodelswithsimilarcapabilitiestoOpenAI.Gemini,alsotrainedon content from the internet as well as other sources,can operate across text,images,audio,and video and will power Googles Bard chatbot and all of its search gener
86、ative experiences.GooglehasalreadyrolledoutanexperimentalversionofAI-generatedsearchinmorethan100countries(see example below)which can be triggered by text or voice queries.Google has been careful to include links to websites from which content has been drawn,but there are fewer of them and publishe
87、rs worry that there will be even less reason to click on them.AI disruption is going to increase business model problems.Search Generative Experience is going to replace some of the media outlets functions.ChaniGuyot,Publisher,RED/ACCIN,ArgentinaGoogle is rolling out AI generated search experiments
88、in 120 countriesButitisnotjustinternetsearch.WellseeaproliferationofconversationalAIassistantsthisyear built into computers,mobile phones,and even cars that will change the way we discover THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM14content of all types.Perplexity.ai is a website and browser
89、extension that allows you to ask questions or summarise any news article.Pi.ai bills itself as a companion capable of coherently conversing on any topic including the latest news.AI Assistants like Perplexity and Pi enable intuitive news conversations,but publisher brands are largely invisiblePublic
90、 awareness of these tools is growing,according to a YouGov audience survey from the UKcommissionedforthisreport.Thepollshowsthataroundtwo-thirds(65%)oftheadultUKpopulationhaveheardofoneoffivechatbots,withChatGPT(59%)themostrecognisedexample.Regular(weekly)usageofChatGPTisstillrelativelylowatjust9%,t
91、houghthisrisesto 25%for the 1824 age group.Top reasons to use chat bots include asking quick factual questions(37%),writing essays(29%),and researching a topic of interest(28%)though many usersarestilljustexperimentingtoseewhatitcanandcantdo,justlikepublishers.Awareness of AI chatbots and key uses o
92、f chatbots UK audience surveySource:YouGov Omnibus survey,7-8 December 2023.Q1.Before taking this survey,which,if any,of the following AI(artificial intelligence)chatbots had you heard of?Please select all that apply.Base:2042.Q2.You said that you have previously used an AI chatbot.which of the foll
93、owing tasks have you used/tried to use an AI chatbot for(even if it didnt work)?Please select all that apply.Base:Those that have used a chatbot=529.11Bots like Perplexity and Pi enable intuitive conversations about news,but publisher brands are largely invisible49%37%29%28%21%16%14%13%9%9%8%5%5%Pla
94、ying around to see what it can doAsking quick factual questionsWriting/drafting essays or other textResearching a topic of interest in depthTo make fun or entertaining contentTo complete repetitive tasks at workWriting or checking computer codeRecommendations(e.g.movies,travel)Job interview preparat
95、ionCooking assistanceFinding out the latest newsOtherDont know/cant recallLow usage so farSOURCE:YouGov Omnibus survey,7-8 December 2023Q1.Before taking this survey,which,if any,of the following AI(artificial intelligence)chatbots had you heard of?(Please select all that apply)Base UK=2042.Q2.You sa
96、id that you have previously used an AI chatbot,Which of the following tasks have you used/tried to use an AI chatbot for(even if it didnt work)?(Please select all that apply)Base:Those that have used a chatbot=52959%18%18%13%4%2%ChatGPTMicrosoft CopilotMeta AIBardGrokClaude15JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TEC
97、HNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Finding the latest news(8%)is not currently a big draw but this could change as big companies addbetterreal-timecapabilitiesthisyear.Muchwilldependonhowthesearchproviders,particularlyGoogle,whichaccountsforaround90%ofthemarket,decidestoproceed.Itneeds to balance it
98、s existing business model,which is built on links,with the need to remain competitive with other providers.What might happen this year?coPyright battles aheadThisyearwillseegrowingpressurefrompublisherstocompensateforanylossoftrafficandrevenueresultingfromAIpowerhousessuchasOpenAIandGoogletrainingth
99、eirsystemsonhistoricdataordeliveringreal-timenews.The New York TimeslawsuitagainstOpenAIoverallegedcopyrightinfringementislikelytobethefirstofmanythisyear.ThelawsuitclaimsthatmillionsofTimes articles were used without its permission to train the system,that ChatGPT sometimes generates verbatim excer
100、pts from these articles,and that the tool is now competing with the newspaper as a trustworthy information source.7WorkinprogressresearchbytheReutersInstitutesuggeststhatbytheendof2023roughlyhalfoftoppublishershadstoppedallowingbigAIplatformstoaccesstheircontent.Thisranges from almost 80%of top publ
101、ishers in the United States to less than 20%in Mexico.8 By removing permission,publishers are in a better position to make deals with the platforms.ArecentlandmarkagreementbetweenAxelSpringerandOpenAI,saidtobeworthtensofmillions of euros a year for content drawn from Bild,PoliticoandBusinessInsideri
102、sseenbysomeasapossiblemodelforthewiderindustry.Itsplitstheagreementintoaflatfeeforhistoric data with an ongoing annual fee for new content,plus extra payments for content that ismostfrequentlyusedbyAI.9 An earlier deal with the news agency AP also provides access to their historic archive and new st
103、ories in return for access to technology and expertise.10 Publishershopethatanyarrangementswillrewardhigh-qualitynewsandinformationfromreliable sources.ThereisanopportunityfortheindustrytoworkwithAIplayerstodesignasymbioticecosystem and thats an opportunity we must not squander,says the COO of a lea
104、ding UK news provider.We know what happened the last time.Ifthesevoluntaryarrangementsfail,somenewsorganisationswillusetheirinfluencewithpoliticians to push for an extension to arrangements already in place in a number of countries including Australia and Canada that require the biggest platforms to
105、 negotiate payments in return for surfacing news links.7 https:/ ForthcomingReutersInstituteresearch(RichardFletcher)tobepublishedinearly20249 https:/ https:/ REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM16money for deals may not be equally sharedDespite some progress,most publishers in our survey a
106、re not optimistic that this new phase of negotiations will work out well for the news industry as a whole.More than a third(35%)of respondentsfeltthatonlyafewbigmediacompanieswouldbenefitwhilearoundhalf(48%)predicted that at the end of the day there would little money for any publisher.Publishers ar
107、e not optimistic about funding from big AI companiesQ16.When it comes to negotiating licensing deals with AI companies around news content IP(intellectual property),which of the following do you think is the most likely scenario?Base:289.Who will get the money from any deals with AI companies?1348%3
108、5%5%12%At the end of the day,therell be very little money for any news companyMost of the money will go to bigmedia companiesThe money will be relativelyevenly shared between all mediacompaniesDont know17JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 20244.The Business of Journalism Faces Fu
109、rther UpheavalContinuing volatility in the advertising market and further audience shifts towards digital will makethisanothertoughyearfromabusinessperspective.IntheUnitedStates,around20,000mediajobsnotjustnewswerelostin2023,aboutsixtimesthenumberinthepreviousyear.Between two and three local newspap
110、er titles close each week in the United States,according to a recent report,11leavinghugeswathesofthecountryasso-callednewsdeserts.Othertitles survive as ghost newsrooms relying on shared or synthetic content with not a single permanentreporteronthepayroll.TVnewschannels,whichhavesignificantlyunderi
111、nvestedin digital,are also under pressure as audience attention switches to streamers.Meanwhile digital-bornbrands,suchasVoxandVice,thathavebuiltbusinessesviasocialplatformsare retrenching.Amongst a wide range of publishers that have shifted towards paid models,including upmarket national titles and
112、 niche brands,there is a more positive outlook.Our survey shows that the publishers included in our survey reported continued subscription growth last year,despite thedifficulteconomicsituation.Evenso,inmanycases,increasedrevenuefromdigitalhasnot been enough to make up for decline in print and adver
113、tising revenues.Digital growth is stagnating,while print is plummeting,is a typical story heard from national and regional publishers across Europe.Most respondents say their company saw growth in digital subs in 2023 despite the difficult outlookQ10.If your company uses a subscription or membership
114、 model,how has the number of paying customers changed in the past year?Base:Respondents that said their company uses a subscription or membership model=216.Iftheyaretosurvive,mediacompanieswillneedtowholeheartedlyembracedigital,whilecontinuingtosqueezerevenuefromtraditionalchannels.Inmanypartsofthew
115、orld,however,print distribution networks are so weakened that we may be close to reaching a point where regular home delivery becomes unviable.11 https:/www.medill.northwestern.edu/news/2023/more-than-half-of-us-counties-have-no-access-or-very-limited-access-to-local-news.htmlVox and Cond Nast are l
116、atest toannounce media layoffs In first four months of 2023CNNs Ad revenue has dropped39%Mirror and Express owner to cut about450 jobs-10%of workforce16Digital subscriptions are still growing but mostly at a slower rate Most subscription publishers saw some growth in 2024 despite difficult outlook30
117、%43%18%7%Up a lotUp a bitStableDown a bitDown a lotQ10.If your company uses a subscription or membership model,how has the number of paying customers changed in the past year?Base:Respondents that said their company uses a subscription or membership model=216.Consumers seek out quality sources when
118、times are tough,even if they retain only one news subscription,we feel they will value what we do and want to stick with usGlobal subscription publisher73%2%THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM18Lookingatthemostimportantfuturefacingrevenuesourcesacrosspublishers,digitalsubscription and
119、membership(80%)has extended its lead over display advertising(72%)as the most important revenue focus for the year ahead,with most publishers looking to combinethreeorfourdifferentincomestreams.Botheventsande-commercehaveincreasedin importance,but there is less hope than in previous years for extra
120、income from big tech companies(20%).Some of this relates to Facebook winding down its payments to news publishersascurrentcontractsend,whilepotentialpaymentsfromAIplatformsremain uncertain.Most important revenue streams for commercial publishers in 2024Q4.Which of the following digital revenue strea
121、ms are likely to be important or very important for your company in 2024?-choose all that apply.Base:Respondents from commercial publishers only(excluding publicly funded public broadcasters)=275.What might happen this year?With subscription growth slowing,most heavy news users already signed up,and
122、 churn becoming an increasing burden,we can expect a slew of product and pricing innovations this year:its all about the bundleOver the last year,the New York Times has been moving as many of its customers as possible to the all access bundle,which includes NYT Audio,The Athletic(Sport),Wirecutter(r
123、eviews),CookingandGames.CFOWillBardeennotesthatbundledsubscribersretainandmonetizebetterthannews-onlysubscribersandtheTimes has an aim to get 50%of its 10m subscribers to take up the offer.12 Games like Connections,used by around 10m users a week,are designed tobuildhabitandaffinityaswellasdriverefe
124、rralstonews.Overtime,all-accesssubscribersmayfindithardertoleaveandthepricecanbeincreased.12 https:/www.niemanlab.org/2023/11/the-new-york-times-hits-10-million-subscribers-by-using-non-news-products-as-an-on-ramp/Most important revenue streams in 2024 176%15%15%16%20%29%49%61%72%80%Micropayment(inc
125、l.digital wallets)Donations(one-off or recurring consumer donations)Support from philanthropic funds/foundationsRelated businesses(e.g.property,jobs,betting)Funding from platforms(including AI platforms)E-commerceEvents(physical&online)Native advertising(sponsored content)Display advertising/sponsor
126、shipSubscription/membership(ongoing payments)Was 74%in 2020Was 81%in 2020Was 75%in 2020Down by 13pp on last year Up by 5pp on last year 19JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Non-news products like games and cooking are proving a great on-ramp to the bundleNorthern European pub
127、lishers such as Schibsted,Amedia,Bonnier,and DPG Media are also embracing the bundle,albeit in a slightly different way.Using their market strength,they are combininglocalandnationalpublicationswithmagazinesandpaidpodcastsintoaone-stop-shop offering.Schibsted in Norway combines news and entertainmen
128、t in one convenient package So far most of these bundles have been intra-company collaborations,but in 2024 we can expect to see some publishers partnering with other providers to add extra value to their bundle.cheaPer Product extensionsWere likely to see more upmarket news brands offering lite ver
129、sions this year in an attempt to woo audiences often younger that are interested in news but are unwilling or unable to pay the full price.This trend was started some years ago by the Economists Espresso,followed by the FT,whichofferseightcuratedarticlesadayfor4.99amonth(FTEdit).Otherlower-costprodu
130、ctsinthepipelineincludeaudiofirstnewseditionsandcombinednewslettersandpodcasts built around niches such as parenting and sport.differential PricingUntil recently,most customers paid the same sticker price for their news,but as we discovered in our recent report on digital subscriptions,13 that is no
131、 longer the case.Once the initial trial discount has run out,publishers are charging a renewal price based on usage(what they think the consumer might pay),or consumers themselves are negotiating a price that works for them.Many of these techniques have come from telecoms,but with better data availa
132、ble they will be increasingly applied in the news industry this year.13 Newman,N.,Robertson,C.T.2023.Paying for News:Price-Conscious Consumers Look for Value amid Cost-of-Living Crisis.Oxford:ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism.https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/paying-news-price-consciou
133、s-consumers-look-value-amid-cost-living-crisisTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM20subscriPtion latecomers join the PartyAll eyes will be on the new CNN CEO Mark Thompson as he attempts to breathe new life into a cable network which has been losing both audiences and revenue.As well as
134、 refocusing the core brand,Thompsonisexpectedtolaunchanumberofdigitalsubscriptionproductsjustashedid at the New York Times as well as revamping the CNN Max service,which sits inside Warner Bros Discovery streaming service.14 Googles imminent phase out of third party cookies is pushing more publisher
135、s to consider paid models.EvenMailOnline,oneofthelargestEnglish-languagewebsitesintheworld,feelstheneedtosupplementscale-basedadvertisingwithalimited(Freemium)subscriptionmodel.Inearly 2024 it will start charging for around 1015 premium articles a day in the UK.15Opinion-led broadcaster GB News has
136、already begun charging for some online articles along with events that provide access to the channels presenters.14 https:/rts.org.uk/article/can-mark-thompson-work-his-magic-cnn15 https:/pressgazette.co.uk/paywalls/mail-online-confirms-plan-for-subscription-service-with-10-15-paid-stories-per-day21
137、JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 20245.Changing Formats of News:More Audio and Video on the WayFor the last 20 years,the canonical article has been at the centre of how news information flowsontheinternethaveworked.Thesetext-basedarticleshavebeeneasilysearchableandlinkable,conv
138、ersation has coalesced around them,and they have also driven the lions share of monetisation.Other formats such as audio and video have mostly taken a back seat.But in recent years this has started to change,partly because of new devices,partly because platforms have emerged that specialise in audio
139、 and video creation,discovery,and distribution,and partly because many younger consumers show a preference for using these formats over text.Some publishers talk of this format shift as a second phase in the digital revolution because formanylegacynewsrooms,itwillrequireasignificantculturalshiftaway
140、fromtexttowardsmultimedia production.Our survey this year clearly shows the direction of travel,with most news organisations planning to produce more video,more podcasts(and more newsletters)in 2024 and broadly the same number of text articles.Publishers will be leaning further into video and audio
141、this yearNet score calculated by the proportion that plans to produce more minus the proportion that plans to produce less.Q12.For each of the following is your company planning to produce more,the same or less in the year ahead(more frequency or more volume)?Base:299.Thischartisalsocloselylinkedtom
142、onetisationshifts.Withlessreferraltrafficcomingfromtech platforms,formats that drive engagement and loyalty(audio and newsletters)and thereforesupportsubscriptionmodelshavebecomemorevaluable.Theexceptionisshort-form video,where investment is more of a response to the need to attract younger audience
143、s.0475264More of everything planned(except articles)210406020-20Net:MoreNet:LessREMAINS CRITICAL FOCUS FOR ENGAGING EXISTING USERS AND ATTRACTING NEW ONESQ12.For each of the following is your company planning to produce more,the same or less in the year ahead?(more frequency or more volume)Base:299.
144、20NewslettersArticles PodcastsVideoTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM22What might happen this year in audio and video?Vertical Video as defaultWe can expect to see attempts to engage young people with news on platforms where they are spending time,such as TikTok and YouTube Shorts.The
145、se initiatives will mainly be about trying to build relationships rather than making money,but in 2024 publishers will increasingly look to bring these storytelling techniques back into their own news websites and apps.From a talentperspective,short-formvideostorytellerswillremainingreatdemandin2024
146、.Podcasts Push for Visual distribution Inrecentyearspoliticalpodcastshaveproliferated,feedingtheinterestsofthemostinterestedusers,andofferingpoliticiansanin-depthopportunitytosetouttheirviewsinalessconfrontationalformat.Manyofthesepodcastsarenowfilmed,whichallowsthemtoreacheven bigger audiences via
147、platforms such as YouTube.And increasingly producers have been creating highlight clips,often distributed via TikTok,X,and other platforms.IndependentpodcasterssuchasAlastairCampbellandRoryStewarthavestartedtorecordlive shows on YouTube,while broadcasters such as the BBC are also turning podcasts in
148、to TV(BBCs Newscast).All this will further blur the line between political podcasts and traditional television talk shows as we head into election season on both sides of the Atlantic.As part of this trend former Fox News host anchor Tucker Carlson is to create his own video network for political ch
149、at and plans to sell subscriptions directly to the American people from April.16 Visualising political podcasts will be a key trend for 2024French podcaster and YouTuber Hugo Decrypte interviews Alastair Campbell and Rory Stewart in their new studio set Emmanuel Macron The News Agents launch a US ve
150、rsion ahead of the election Tucker Carlson aims to build an audience around his personal brand16 https:/ Campbell and Rory Stewart in their new studio set French podcaster and YouTuber Hugo Dcrypte interviews Emmanuel Macron23JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Paid Podcasts W
151、hile podcasts have traditionally been free,we can expect to see a further move to premium and mixed models in 2024.With most big advertisers focused on the top 100 podcasts,those withsmallerreach,includingmanynewsones,arefindingithardertopickuprevenue.Partlyas a response,Substack,which is best known
152、 for helping monetise newsletters,is supporting more podcasters into subscription,often in combination with a newsletter.The Economist has gone one stage further and launched an audio subscription(4.90 a month or49ayear)thatseesthemajorityofitsshowssittingbehindapaywall.Onlyitsdailynewspodcast,TheIn
153、telligence,hasremainedfree.Themovehaspartlybeenmadepossiblebyanewtechnical solution from Apple which makes it a bit easier to listen to subscription podcasts on their platform while other providers such as Acast have also introduced improved paid options.These are likely to encourage others to follo
154、w suit this year.The Economists podcasts are made by a team of around 30 people,now about 10%of its total editorial headcount.17Economist podcasts are now mostly behind the paywall.Some FT newsletters are unbundledsPecialist neWsletters for a PriceSome bigger publishers such as the Financial Times a
155、re experimenting with new ways of charging for popular newsletters without having to pay for a full price subscription.Unhedged,whichcoversmarketsandcompanies,andInsidePoliticsareonsalefor$7.99and$4.99amonthrespectively.Inearly2024,theFT will be experimenting with a limited run paid newsletterseries
156、calledSortYourFinancialLifeOut,withClaerBarrettpotentiallyopeninguparevenue stream for more educational newsletter products.Morewidely,subscription-baseddecision-makerbriefings,alsodeliveredmostlybynewsletters,are gaining traction in Europe.Sddeutsche Zeitung recently launched a series of newsletter
157、 dossiers that aim to unpack complex issues around politics and technology for specialist audiences.Table Media and Pioneer Media are other examples of thriving specialist newsletter(and podcasts)aimed at professionals.17 https:/pressgazette.co.uk/podcasts/the-economist-podcasts-paywall-subscription
158、s/THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM246.News Disconnection and Selective News AvoidanceItisclearthattherewillbemorevideo,moreaudio,andmorenewslettersin2024,butwhileit makes sense for a publisher to lean into these areas of growth,additional formats may not be what some audiences are l
159、ooking for.Our own research suggests news consumers often feel overwhelmed by the amount of choice they already have.Platform and business incentives continue to push towards maximising attention but this is often not respectful of peoples time.Oursurveyreflectsthisdilemmaasnewsorganisationstrytobal
160、ancetheneedsofbusinessandthe interests of news consumers.Publishers are mainly looking to maximise audience attentionQ13.Which of the followingcomes closestto your view?Base:270.Issuesofnewsoverloadandfatigue,highlightedinourDigital News Report for more than fiveyears,18havebecomeamajorpreoccupation
161、fornewsexecutives.Researchshowsthatdespite or perhaps because of the political and economic upheavals of the last few years,manyconsumersareengagingwiththenewslessoftenornotatall.Informationfatigueiseating away at our readers willingness to read and pay for our content,says the editor of one Europea
162、n membership organisation.Many public media organisations worry most about news avoidance amongst the young,but othersseethetrendcuttingacrossagegroups:NewsavoidanceisontheriseinSwitzerland,whichweneedtocounterwithnewjournalisticapproaches,topicsandformats,saysMarcIsler,ChiefRevenueOfficer,Tamedia.I
163、ts really depressing I worry that journalism as a business has been too slow to reorient and rethink its role and purpose.People dont miss journalism.But journalism miss people.LeaKorsgaard,Editor-in-Chief,Zetland,DenmarkInoursurveymediaexecutivesoutlineddifferentwaysinwhichtheywillbetryingtoaddress
164、the problem in the coming year.These include better ways of explaining complex issues(67%),deliveringnewsthatdoesntjustpointoutproblemsbutofferspotentialsolutions(44%),andproducing more inspiring human stories(43%).As in previous years,we see that newsroom leadersarelesskeenontheideaofmorepositivene
165、ws(21%)orjazzingupthenewswithmoreentertaining or fun approaches(18%).18 https:/ publishers are still focusing on maximizing attention,rather than being respectful with peoples time 54%37%8%My company is focused on trying to get as much attention as possibleMy company is focused on being more respect
166、ful of our audiences timeDont know/other25JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Approaches that are considered very important for combatting news avoidance/fatigueQ19.The following is a list of approaches that some media companies are looking at to combat news avoidance/fatigue.
167、How important,if at all,does your company consider each of these initiatives to be this year?Base:300.What might happen this year?letting go of doomsday narratiVes on climateClimatechangeisasubjectsoprofoundlyunsettlingmanyhavelearnedtoturnawayfromnewscoverageinwhatWolfgangBlau,Co-FounderoftheOxford
168、ClimateJournalismNetwork(OCJN)19,calls the new climate denial.Approaches to address this,by providing a sense of hope and personal agency,will gather pace in 2024.Some newsrooms have been upping their specialistcoverageofgreentech(BloombergGreen)orcreatingeco-tipsandinspirationforgreenerliving.Earth
169、topiasTikTokroundofGoodNewsisconsistentlytheirmostengaged-withcontent.IrishpublicbroadcasterRTErunsapositiveclimateseriescalledClimateHeroes,showing how individuals and businesses are making a difference.Zero,a new solutions focused podcast from Bloomberg more diVerse rePorting PersPectiVesWithtradi
170、tionalwarreportersunabletogetintoGaza,manyofthemostcompellingeyewitness stories have been told by local residents,including a new generation familiar with toolslikeInstagramandTikTok.PlestiaAlaqadwasonelocalresidentwhosedocumentationof the struggles of daily life brought a personal touch that has of
171、ten been missing from mainstream media.19 https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/oxford-climate-journalism-network27Possible ways to counter news avoidance 18%21%35%35%43%44%67%More fun or entertaining newsMore positive newsSimpler language/accessible formatsDiverse presenting reporting teamMore
172、inspiring human storiesSolutions/constructive journalismBetter explanation of complex storiesApproaches that are considered very important this yearQ19.The following is a list of approaches that some media companies are looking at to combat news avoidance/fatigue.How important,if at all,does your co
173、mpany consider each of these initiatives to be this year?Base:300Less enthusiasm hereWidespread acceptance of theseZero,a new solutions focused podcast from Bloomberg GreenEarthtopia,tapping into an activist mindset on TikTok Earthtopia,tapping into an activist mindset on TikTokTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE
174、 FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM26Plestia Alaqad documents daily life in GazaYoungactivistsandjournalistsarealsobeginningtoshapethenewsinotherpartsoftheworld.AnkurPaliwalisanindependentjournalistwhohaslaunchedQueerbeat,awebsitethataimstotransformthenarrativeaboutLGBTQIA+communitiesinIndia.20 And the mai
175、nstream media are also looking to expand the range of voices that cover stories.The BBCs TikTok coverage,for example,is now partly anchored by younger reporters.tools to alloW audiences to reformat the neWsAI-basedtoolsthatchangethelanguageofnewstoimproverelevanceandunderstandingforparticular audien
176、ces will be an increasing feature of the news landscape this year.Artifact is a socialnewsreadingappthatcansummarisenewsindifferentstyles.Intheexamplebelow,itcan take the text of a GuardianarticleandrewriteitlikeImfive,adaptitinthestyleofGenZ,orasaseriesofemojis.Bots,apps,andbrowserextensionswithsim
177、ilarcapabilitieswillspreadrapidly in 2024.Reformatting the news to make it more relevant to particular audiences(Artifact)20 https:/www.queerbeat.org/Source:Instagram feed,Plestia Alaqad30AI putting format control of news in hands of users(ARTIFACT)27JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDIC
178、TIONS 20247.GenerativeAIandtheImpactontheNewsroomSincethepubliclaunchofChatGPTjustoverayearago,newsroomshavebeencomingtotermswiththeimplicationsofadvancesinAIandgenerativeAIinparticular.Whiletherearedeepconcerns about trust and about the protection of intellectual property,publishers can also seeadv
179、antagesinmakingtheirbusinessesmoreefficientandmorerelevantforaudiences.Inoursurvey,newsexecutiveshighlightback-endautomationtasks(56%)suchastranscriptionand copyediting as a top priority,followed by recommender systems(37%),the creation of content(28%)with human oversight,and commercial uses(27%).Ot
180、her potentially important applications include coding(25%),where some publishers say they have seen very large productivitygains,andnewsgathering(22%)whereAImaybeusedtosupportinvestigationsorinfact-checkingandverification.Most important uses of AI by news organisations in 2024Q11.To what extentwill
181、the following uses of artificial intelligence(AI)and generative AI be important to your company in 2024?Base:296.Back-endautomationhasbecomemuchmoreimportantovertime.Just29%saidtheseapplicationsofAIwereveryimportantwhenwelastaskedthissurveyquestiontwoyearsago.Thisextrafocusispartlybecauselargelangua
182、gemodels(LLMs)thathaveemergedsincethenoffer so many new opportunities to speed up and optimise routine tasks in the newsroom.How the news media have been experimenting so far Summarisation:A number of publications including the Aftonbladet(Sweden),Verdens Gang(VG)(Norway),and Helsingin Sanomat(Finla
183、nd)have started to add bullet points to the top of their articles.Aftonbladet have found that these summaries,known as Snabbversions(or quick versions in English),have increased overall engagement.Young readers in particular,they say,are more likely to click through for extra information.Headline te
184、sting:AnumberofpublicationshavebeenexperimentingwithAI-drivenheadlines optimised for search,which are then checked by editors.Which newsroom uses of AI will be most important in 2024?3256%37%28%27%25%22%36%39%44%31%37%49%7%19%25%27%20%27%5%14%17%Back end automation(e.g.tagging/transcription/copyedit
185、ing,etc)Distribution and recommendationsContent creation albeit with humanCommercial uses(e.g.betterpropensity to pay models,etc)Coding and product developmentNews gathering(e.g.help identifyingstories/interrogate data)Very importantSomewhat importantNot/not very importantDont know!#!#$%()(*$+,#%(
186、#-,$+*.#/0(0#-#12+-+3+&,#4*(,+.(*3(#5146#&*7#8(*(2&+9(#14#:(#+;2&*#=/2#3;?A#!#$%&()*,-./01230-4567-58620-230.6251250.=1-58620-=1026H074.E076=1087?6=5-2505E-205H601-=0-;6(e.g.personalised home pages,alerts,etc)oversight(e.g summaries,headlines,etc)THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM28 C
187、opyediting,notetaking,and transcription:AItoolstoassistintheseprocessesarebecomingmorewidespreadinnewsrooms,withsomejoblossesasaresult.InJuneAxelSpringerCEOMathiasDopfnertoldstaffthatjobsthatcouldbeautomated,suchasproofreaders and some editors,will no longer exist as they do today.Transcription tool
188、s insmalllanguageshavealsosignificantlyimprovedinthelastyear.VG in Norway has recentlyrolledoutitsJojoservicewhileotherpublishersareusingGoodTape,initiallydevelopedforinternalusebytheDanishdigital-bornbrandZetland.Translation:Le MondeusesAItoassistintranslatingarticles,enablingaround30storiesadaytoa
189、ppearinitsEnglisheditionfarmorethanwouldhavebeenpossiblebefore.AIhelps with the initial translation,with several human checks to follow.The software has been customised to recognise Le Mondes style book and spellings.21 Image generation:A number of publications such as the Klner Stadt-Anzeiger(Germa
190、ny)andDennikN(Slovakia)areusingtoolslikeMidjourneytocreategraphicillustrationsaroundsubjectsliketechnologyandcooking.Thisisoneofthemostwidelyused forms of automated content creation.Article generation:TheGermantabloidExpress.dehascreatedavirtualjournalistcalledKlaraIndernach(KI),thatnowwritesmoretha
191、n5%ofpublishedstoriesonawiderangeofsubjects.Humaneditorsstilldecidewhichstoriesgetcoveredandrevieweverypieceofcontent,butthewriting,structure,andtoneareeffectivelyoutsourcedtoAI.Beyondauthoring,the curation and selection of the headlines and links that consumers see on thewebsiteisnowalsoautomated,l
192、eadingtoasignificantboostinclick-thoughratesaccordingtoCEOThomasSchultz-Homberg.2221 https:/ http:/globalprintmonitor.info/en/news/industry-news/newspapers/66060-ai-and-robot-writer-klara-key-to-koelner-stadt-anzeiger-medien-s-tech-future-as-it-switches-off-its-pressesSummarisationRISJ Digital News
193、Report 2018331.Text summaries:Aftonbladet2.AI generated illustrations:Klner Stadt-Anzeiger3.Express.de:AI generated articles 4.Le Monde:AI assisted translations29JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024 AI presenters and newsreaders:Radio Expres in Slovakia has cloned the voice of
194、 a popularpresenter(BraHacsi)whoseAIreplica(Hacsiko)nowcoversthenightshift,complete with commentary about the music and news stories taken from the companys newswebsite(SeznamZprvy).TworadiostationsinthewestofEnglanduseasyntheticvoice to turn text into an hourly radio bulletin.The company say they w
195、ouldnt have been abletoaffordtoemployahumanjournalistandthatthatthevoiceissorealisticfewpeople have been able to tell the difference.23 TV channel generation:GoingonestagefurtherisNewsGPT,anexperimental24-hourtelevisionservicewhereallthestoriesandallthepresentersaregeneratedbyAI,withoutany human int
196、ervention.A small disclaimer says content may contain inaccuracies or unexpected outputs.NewsGPT,which can be watched via YouTube,bills itself as delivering news without human biases.The company did not respond to our requests for interview and it is not clear how it sources its news or whether it p
197、ays for it.Channel.1 AI,basedoutofLosAngeles,planstolaunchapersonalisednewsservicein2024thatlearns what stories a viewer wants to see and promises to deliver them in any language.Journalistsworryabouttheimplicationsofthiskindofautomationforjobs,andfortrustin the news media.24These developments have
198、led to criticism that parts of the industry may be moving too fast,by exposingAI-generatedcontenttouserswithoutclearrulesonlabellingorunderstandingtherisksaroundthetechnologymakingmistakes(so-calledhallucinations).25 During 2023,automatically generated articles by CNET were found to be riddled with
199、errors and poorlysignposted.SportsIllustrated(SI)wasalsofoundtohaveincludedproductreviewsfromathirdpartythatwereallegedtobeatleastpartlywrittenbyAI,withoutproperdisclosure.26I am concerned about quality of news as more and more companies are producing automated content.The overload of information wi
200、ll get worse and will make users even more confused.MarekKope,ProductDirector,RingierAxelSpringerPolska23 https:/radiotoday.co.uk/2023/09/devon-radio-stations-switch-to-artificial-intelligence-newsreaders/24 https:/ https:/ https:/ worlds first 24-hour AI news channel5.Radio Expres:Overnight DJ is n
201、ow hosted by an AI cloneTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM30The most compelling user case for AI in newsrooms is in the automation of routine tasks performed by editors,such as adding tags of SEO metadata.We do not believe that AI is a substitute for reporting stories,which will conti
202、nue to be done by journalists.Ed Roussel,Head of Digital at The Times and The Sunday TimesInoursurveywefindthatrespondentsattachaverydifferentlevelofrisktothevarioususesofAI.Contentcreationisseenasposingbyfarthebiggestdanger(56%),followedbynewsgathering(28%).Bycontrast,back-endautomation(11%),distri
203、bution,andcodingareconsideredlowerrisk.Thisexplainsthehigherleveloffocusrightnowontheseback-endefficienciesandmorecautionaroundrobo-journalismofdifferentkinds.Areas seen to carry the greatest reputational risk from the deployment of AIQ15.Thinking about the potential risks created by the use of AI,w
204、hich of these areas would you say carries the greatest reputational risk for your company(choose one)?Base:290.What might happen this year?If2023wasayearforcomingtotermswithgenerativeAI,thiswillbetheyearwhennewsroomsfullyembracethetechnologiesandincorporatethemintoworkflows.ai tools eVeryWhere Thisy
205、earwecanexpecttoseetheemergenceofsophisticatedAIassistantslookingoverjournalistsshouldersandsuggestingwaysofmakingstoriesmoreinteresting,moreaccurate,or more relevant.Helsingin Sanomats Hennibot,which is already built into its content managementsystem(CMS),isasignofthingstocome.Itpointsjournaliststo
206、languagethatcan be improved or suggests story enhancements such as the most appropriate link.Content creation is seen as carrying most reputational risk?3556%28%11%3%2%0%Content creationNews gatheringBack-end automationCommercial usesCoding and product development.Thinking about the potential risks
207、created by the use of AI,which of these areas would you say carries the greatest reputational risk for your company?(choose one).Base:290B*5,./1;C*+.0-?1,-5.,*.-:2,*021?.01,7-0.,71+./*-0/21?.;5-5.*D.,7-.,-/7+*?*6EF7-0-.415.1.?*,.*D.+-61,2A-.0-1/,2*+.D0*0*4.,71,.,7-5-.92+:5.*D.:-A-?*-+,5.Distribution
208、 and recommendationsOne of five possible enrichments Hennibot(Helsingin Sanomat)31JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024At Aftonbladet,aYouthAssistantcreatestimelines,factboxes,andQ&Aswritteninthebrandstone,butwithabrieftoalsoensurethatan18-year-oldcaneasilyunderstandthecontent.
209、FromthePhilippines,RapplerrecentlywonanAIJournalismchallengeforasimilarsetoftoolscalledTLDR(derivedfromtheonlineexpressiontoolong;didntread)thatconvertsthepublications stories into summaries,graphics,and videos.neW ai roles and guidelines in the neWsroom Expecttoseetheappointmentofmoresenioreditoria
210、lfigurestocoordinateAIactivitiesandstrategythisyear.InourChanging Newsrooms 2023 report27 we found that 16%had already done so,with a further 24%actively planning to do so.The New York Times recently appointed ZachSeward,previouslywithQuartz,asitsfirsteditorialdirectorofArtificialIntelligenceInitiat
211、ives.ThejobdescriptionincludesestablishinghowTimesjournalismcanbenefitfromgenerativeAItechnologies,helpjournalistsworkfaster,andidentifyguidelinesandprinciplesfor how the technologies should and should not be applied.Source:Changing Newsrooms 2023 report.Q11.To your knowledge,when it comes to genera
212、tive AI,to what extent is your organisation implementing the following practices?Base:130.AnotherrelatedapproachbeingpursuedbypublisherssuchasSchibstedistobuildAILabs,toleadexperimentationandcoordinatelearningacrosspublicationsandcountries.Cross-companycollaborationwillalsobecomemoreimportantin2024.
213、Wehaveengagedinacross-industryprocesstocraftacommontransparencystandardforAI-productsinmedia,saysOlleZachrison,HeadofAI&NewsStrategyatSwedishRadio(SR).TheReportersWithoutBorders(RSF)coordinatedcharteronAIandjournalismisanotherimportantinitiativebringingtogether16organisationsandthinkerstodefineethic
214、sandprinciplesthatcanbeappliedaround the world.2827 Cherubini,F.,Sharma,R.2023.Changing Newsrooms 2023:Media Leaders Struggle to Embrace Diversity in Full and Remain Cautious on AI Disruption.Oxford:ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism.https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/changing-newsrooms-
215、2023-media-leaders-struggle-embrace-diversity-full-and-remain-cautious-aid28 https:/rsf.org/en/rsf-and-16-partners-unveil-paris-charter-ai-and-journalism16%already have a designated AI leader in the newsroom(24%are working on it)16%have detailed AI guidelines in place(35%are working on it)Illustrati
216、ons:MarzGallery&AdrienCoquetfromtheNounProjectTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM328.ArtificialIntelligence,Elections,andtheNewsWith important elections due in more than 40 countries in 2024,concerns have been rising about how these new technologies might be used by politicians and pol
217、itical activists as well asbypossibleexternalbadactorslookingtoinfluencetheresults.IntherecentArgentiniancampaign,AI-generatedimagerywasusedtocatchvotersattentionandtodenigratebothmajorcandidates.29 The eventual winner was depicted as a bloodthirsty ghoul,whileafakevideoshowedtheothermaincontenderfl
218、ounderinginthetrenchesaspartofthecastoftheFirstWorldWarmovie1917.InSlovakia,fakedaudiorecordingsofacandidatediscussinghowtorigtheelectionwerereleasedjustdaysbeforeatightelectionandprovedhardforfact-checkerstodefinitivelycounter.30 Sofar,theseinterventionsdonotseemtohaveplayedasignificantroleinelecti
219、onoutcomes,butinarecentpoll,almostsixintenadults(58%)intheUnitedStatesthoughtthatAItoolswould be likely to increase the spread of false and misleading information during the upcoming campaign.31Thesetoolscangeneratesyntheticimages,audio,andvideoinseconds,aswellasmicro-targetspecificaudiencegroupsats
220、cale,butelectoralregulationhasyettocatchupwiththisthreat.Big tech companies such as Meta,Google,and TikTok are upping their defences,requiring usersandpoliticalpartiestodeclareanyuseofAIwhenuploadingcontent,boostingelectionintegrityteams,andworkingwithfact-checkerstoidentifyfakecontentquickly.Inonee
221、arlyexample,Republican presidential candidate Ron DeSantiss campaign released an ad that mixed real images of opponent Donald Trump with fake ones,where he appears to be hugging former chief medical adviser Anthony Fauci.The ad did not include any disclaimer.The Republican NationalCommittee(RNC)also
222、releasedapoliticaladthatusedgenerativeAItovisualiseitsview of what another four years under Biden might look like.Javier Milei depicted as a zombie on Instagram 29 https:/www.context.news/ai/how-ai-shaped-mileis-path-to-argentina-presidency30 https:/www.wired.co.uk/article/slovakia-election-deepfake
223、s31 https:/ from a Ron DeSantis campaign video that mixed real life footage of Donald Trump with fake images33JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024UKpoliticssufferedoneofitsfirstdeepfakemomentsinOctober,whenanaudioclipofopposition leader Keir Starmer apparently swearing at staf
224、fers went viral,gaining millions of hits on X even after it had been exposed as a false.TheIsrael/Gazaconflicthasalsothrownupcountlessexamplesoffake,doctored,orstylisedimages being used for propaganda purposes from supporters of both sides.Recent versions of toolslikeMidjourneycanconjureuphyper-real
225、isticanddetailedimagesofanysituationthatarehardtodistinguishfromreal-lifephotographs,usingsimpleprompts.AI generated(fake)images designed to show unified support for the IDF While the supply of synthetic content is certain to soar in 2024,the impact on consumers is hardertopredict.Manyoftheso-called
226、deepfakeshavebeenrelativelyeasytospotsofarandonly a subset of this content is designed to manipulate or confuse audiences.Even so,the biggest danger may not be that people believe the lies but rather that nobody believes anything any longer,as political philosopher Hannah Arendt wrote in the context
227、 of an earlierperiodofupheaval.Thevastmajorityofourpublisherrespondentsareprettydownbeatabout the implications for trust.Q17.Thinking aboutthe possible impactof AI and generative AI on the publics overall trust in the news,do you think it will overall raise trust or lower trust?Base:293.Theexplosion
228、ofcrapcontentdefinitelyhasthepotentialtoshakethetrustinmedia,saysChristophZimmer,HeadofProductatDer Spiegel in Germany,but he also argues this could eventually allow some news media to differentiate ourselves even more clearly as a quality medium,and thus even strengthen our position.RISJ Digital Ne
229、ws Report 201840AI generated images portraying the victims of Israels bombardment of GazaAI generated images portraying the victims of the Isaels bombardment of Gaza41Impact on trust of recent advances in Artificial Intelligence70%of respondents think that AI and Generative AI will,on balance,lower
230、trust levels in the news overall31%8%13%3%6%Lower trust a lotLower trust a littleNo changeRaise trust a bitRaise trust a lotDont know39%THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM34What might happen this year?regulators get toughInEurope,theDigitalServicesAct(DSA)hasmadethebiggestsocialmediaan
231、dtechnologyplatforms legally accountable for content they publish,including various types of hate speech,andinterferencewithelections.Fightingdisinformation,includingpro-Russianpropaganda,will be a key focus for the EU with critical elections in a number of member states.Regulatorswillwanttoshowthey
232、areseriousandhavethepowertofineplatforms(upto6%of global revenue)or even ban them from the EU market altogether.None of that can be ruled out with all eyes focused on X(Twitter),where human moderation has been scaled down substantially over the last year,even as other big platforms have been strengt
233、hening defencesinordertocomplywiththenewregulation.InDecember,theEUlaunchedformalproceedings against X over suspected breach of its obligations to counter illegal content and disinformation.32WidesPread labelling on ai content this yearTheEUsimpendingAIActaimstoallaytherisksstillfurther,butcomplianc
234、eisunlikelytobemandatorybefore2026soitisstartingwithavoluntarycodeofpracticeonAI-drivendisinformation.AkeyplankistogetplatformstodetectandthenlabelanyuseofAI.MetarequirespoliticaladvertiserstoflagwhentheyhaveusedAIordigitalmanipulationinadvertsonFacebook,Instagram,orThreadsandGooglehasannouncedasimi
235、larapproach.TikTok doesnt take political advertising but is insisting on transparency from creators.These guidelines are,however,largely based on honesty and there are also concerns that consumers willignorelabelsorthattheymightevengenerateabackfireeffect.integrating ai into fact-checking WorkfloWsA
236、furtherdefencecouldcomewithtoolsthatuseAItoidentifyfakesandfalseclaimsmorequickly.TheUKsleadingfact-checkingorganisation,FullFact,hasintegratedarangeofAItechniquestohelphumanfact-checkerswithidentifyingnewclaims,includingfromreal-timebroadcasts,usingspeechtotexttranscription,matchingthesetopreviousf
237、act-checks,aswellas helping to verify or debunk claims.32 https:/ TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024TheNewsroom,anAIstartup,hasalsobeendevelopingtechnologytocross-referencetextsandpoliticalclaims.Itidentifiesdifferentgroupsthatsupportorrefuteaparticularclaim,aswellashighlightinganycontradictions
238、withwhatapoliticianhassaidinthepast.Italsooffersreferencematerialtohelpajournalistdigdeeperintoaclaim.Full Fact AI:automatic claim detection The Newsroom:offers further information around claimsThe Newsroom:offers further information claimsTHE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM369.NewDevi
239、cesandInterfacesFor the last few decades computers or smartphones have been most peoples gateways to the internet,drawing us down rabbit holes and sucking up more and more of our time.But designersthinkthat,intheeraofAI,therecouldbebetterwaysofaccessinginformationandexperiences.In2024wellseethelaunc
240、hofnewdevicesthataimtobreakourrelianceon the smartphone,using interaction patterns such as voice commands,eye movements,and hand gestures.Many futurologists think that we are moving towards a world of ambient computing,where wearable devices process what we hear and see in real time,supported by vir
241、tual assistants that can answer questions and serve up contextual information in any language.Hearables:There are already around 200m smart speakers in peoples homes around theworld.MostlysoldbyGoogleandAmazontheseareabouttogetanAIrebootmakingthemusefulformorethanjustplayingmusic.Headphonesandearpod
242、sarealready ubiquitous and more of them are becoming enabled with new voice and gesture prompts.Pins and pendants:Humanesnewartificialintelligencelapelpin($699+datasubscription)has a mission to liberate the world from smartphone scrolling.33 This small device magnetically attaches to your clothes an
243、d can be controlled by voice commands,bytappingasmallpad,orbyprojectingalaserdisplayontothepalmofyourhand.Smart glasses:Although Google Glass didnt pan out,the technology is getting a reboot this year.Apples mixed reality headset,the Vision Pro,is due to launch in the spring or summer,initially in t
244、he United States,and claims to seamlessly layer digital contentwithyourphysicalspace.Thoughpre-releasereviewshavebeenpositive,itshighpricepoint($3,500)willnotmakeitanimmediatemass-markethit.TheinitialreleaseisaimedatdevelopersandApplesuper-fans.Morepractical,lowerpriceARglasses are still a few years
245、 away.VR headsets:Withlighterheadsetsboastinghigherresolutionsandbroaderfield-of-views,theuserexperienceofthesedeviceshasimprovedmarkedlyoverthelastfew years,yet immersive metaverse experiences have remained largely in the realm ofsciencefictionorconfinedtogaming.ButtruebelieverslikeMetasCEOMarkZuck
246、erbergremaincommittedforthelongtermandthecompanywillberevampingitsOculus headset range this year.33 https:/ TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024New devices shipping in 2024Apple Mixed Reality glasses:heralding the era of OR spatial computing?Inthisyearssurveymanyofourrespondentsremaindeeplysceptic
247、alabouttheideaofsmartphone replacement.Four in ten(41%),however,do think that smart speakers and headphones will become a more important interface in the medium term,which partly explains the extra focus on audio we discussed earlier.Journalistic uses for both augmented and virtual reality are still
248、 hard to identify.What new devices and interfaces might(eventually)replace the smartphone?Q19.The smartphone has become the dominant way of interacting with the internet but which of the following do you think has the best chance of displacing it over time?Choose one.Base:223.Note:59 dont know respo
249、nses were excluded.What might happen this year?neW smartPhone killers in deVeloPment ThoughsomearepredictingthatthefirstversionoftheHumanepinwillflop,34 similar devices couldemergethisyear.OpenAIbossSamAltmanandformerAppleChiefDesignOfficerJonyIvearereportedtobecollaboratingonanAI-baseddevicethatisl
250、essreliantonscreens,alongwith Softbanks CEO Masayoshi Son.35Ivehastalkedinthepastabouthowproductdesignershave a responsibility to try to mitigate what he sees as the addictive nature of technology.34 https:/ https:/ vision pro45The Humane AI pin:designed to replace smartphone scrolling?What new inte
251、rface might(eventually)replace the smartphone?4441%34%12%9%4%Hearables(voice activated)None of theseSmart glassesOther wearables(e.g.lapel pin)Metaverse(e.g.VR headsets)THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM38chatbots With PersonalityIfchatbotscanseemabitdryandboring,thisyearislikelytosee
252、aninjectionofabitmoresparkle.MetarecentlyannouncedaseriesofAIassistantsbasedonUScelebritiessuchassocialmediainfluencerCharliDAmelioandAmericanfootballerTomBrady.Thesebots,builtwiththe full cooperation of the stars involved,are themed around passions such as sport,dancing,and gaming but can answer qu
253、estions on a wide range of topics using a range of generative animations.Designedtomakechatbotsmorefun,theseAIcelebritieswillappearacrossmultiple platforms including the metaverse.Publishers are already experimenting with news bots based on custom data,36soaddingthefaceandpersonalityofatrustedjourna
254、listcouldbethe next step.Kendall Jenner and MrBeast are among Metas celebrity chatbot stars big year for sPatial comPutingThe launch of the Apple Vision Pro,with a developer focus,will start to showcase the potential forthesetechnologies,includingsomejournalisticusecases.TheNew York Times is one pub
255、lisher to have spent time creating 3D and immersive experiences in the past,including an explorationofthecostumesofDavidBowieandNasasInsightmissiontoMars.Butupuntilnow this has been laborious work.New tools are now making the creation process quicker and new standards such as Web XR allow content to
256、 be published once but accessed across devices from a watch to a mobile phone to an Apple Vision Pro.36 https:/ TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 202410.Conclusions Technology continues to move at an extraordinary pace well ahead of the capacity of most of us to absorb and make sense of.Publishers k
257、now that they need to embrace these next disruptions but the full implications are unlikely to be clear for some time.Forward-thinkingnewsorganisationswillbelookingtobuilduniquecontentandexperiencesthatcantbeeasilyreplicatedbyAI.Thesemightincludecuratinglivenews,deepanalysis,human experiences that b
258、uild connection,as well as longer audio and video formats that mightbemoredefensiblethantext.ButtheyllalsobefocusedonusingAItechnologiestomaketheirbusinessesmoreefficientinanincreasinglydifficulteconomicclimate.Atthesametime,theywillbeworkingtopackageanddistributecontentinawaythatmakesjournalismmore
259、 relevant for different audiences,helping to address issues such as low engagement and selective news avoidance.TheimpactofAIonthewiderplatformenvironmentishardertopredict.Muchwilldependon emerging public attitudes to the technology but also on how responsibly the platforms themselves behave as the
260、battle between accelerationists and doomers plays out.Equally important to watch this year will be the outcome of legal cases around intellectual property whichcouldopenuporseverelyrestrictthewaynewscontentcanbeusedfortrainingAImodels without proper compensation.Somenewsexecutivesquotedinthisreporth
261、oldoutthehopethatanimpendingfloodofunreliablesyntheticcontentwillstrengthenjournalismspositionandrestoretrust.Othersworry that the public will lose trust in all information,further undermining democracies around the world.This year will give us more clues on which of these scenarios might play out a
262、swellasaboutgovernmentsappetiteforregulatingthepoweroftheAIgiants.ItsjustoverayearsincethepubliclaunchofChatGPTandwerestillattheearlystagesofunderstanding what it means.That process continues but this will also be a year when we start toreactandbuildavisionforjournalismintheeraofAIandhowhumansandmac
263、hinescanproductively coexist.THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM40Survey Methodology 314 people completed a closed survey in November and December 2023.Participants,drawn from 56 countries and territories,were invited because they held senior positions(editorial,commercial,orproduct)in
264、traditionalordigital-bornpublishingcompaniesandwereresponsibleforaspectsofdigitalorwidermediastrategy.Theresultsreflectthisstrategicsampleofselectindustryleaders.TypicaljobtitlesincludedEditor-in-Chief/ExecutiveEditor,CEO,ManagingDirector,HeadofDigital,DirectorofProduct,andHeadofInnovation.Abouthalf
265、ofparticipantswerefromorganisationswithaprintbackground(52%),aroundafifth(22%)came from commercial or public service broadcasters,with a similar proportion(19%)fromdigital-bornbrands.Afurther7%camefromB2Bcompaniesornewsagencies.Theseproportions are similar to previous surveys.Survey Country Mix(%)Su
266、rvey Job Titles(No.)Base:314 Digital Leaders surveyed,27 November20 December 2023.The56countriesandterritoriesrepresentedinthesurveyincludedAustralia,NewZealand,Taiwan,Hong Kong,Singapore,the Philippines,Thailand,Vietnam,Japan,Nigeria,South Africa,Kenya,Ecuador,CostaRica,Nicaragua,Uruguay,Mexico,Bra
267、zil,Colombia,andIsrael,butthemajoritycamefromtheUK,US,orEuropeancountriessuchasGermany,Spain,France,Austria,Finland,Norway,Denmark,and the Netherlands,as well as Poland,Hungary,Slovakia,and Ukraine amongst others.Participantsfilledoutanonlinesurveywithspecificquestionsaroundstrategicanddigitalintent
268、in2024.Over90%answeredmostquestionsalthoughresponseratesvary.Themajoritycontributed comments and ideas in open questions and some of these are quoted with permission in this document.723242526274176OtherFounder/DirectorHead of Business TransformationHead of Marketing/Business DevelopmentH
269、ead of Multimedia/Visuals/AudioStrategy/PolicyCTO/Director of Product/Product leaderHead Audience EngagementManaging EditorManaging Director/Publisher/CRODeputy or other Senior EditorHead of Innovation/DevelopmentDigital Director/Chief Digital OfficerCEOEditor-in-Chief/Executive EditorSurvey Job Tit
270、les(No.)Base=314 Digital Leaders surveyed,56 countries,24 November 20 December 202322223333444671516SwitzerlandDenmarkBelgiumMexicoNorwaySwedenAustriaItalyIndiaNetherlandsUnited StatesFranceSpainGermanyUK0%5%10%15%20%!($&!#!$!(!%!&$&%OtherFounder/DirectorHead of Business TransformationHead of Mark
271、eting/Business DevelopmentHead of Multimedia/Visuals/AudioStrategy/PolicyCTO/Director of Product/Product leaderHead Audience EngagementManaging EditorManaging Director/Publisher/CRODeputy or other Senior EditorHead of Innovation/DevelopmentDigital Director/Chief Digital OfcerCEOEditor-in-Chief/Execu
272、tive EditorSurvey Job Titles(No.)Base=314 Digital Leaders surveyed,56 countries,24 November 20 December 2023314 participants,56 countries and territories40 other countries and territories made up 20%of the total41JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024The author is grateful for t
273、he input from a number of publishers,academics,and industry experts when preparing this report via background conversations and emails.These included RasmusKleisNielsen,DirectoroftheReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;AlexandraBorchardt,ConsultantandSeniorResearchAssociateattheReutersInstitute;M
274、anjiriCarey,BBCNewsLabs;DavidCaswell,AIexpertatStructuredStories;SarahEbner,Financial Times;PedroHenriques,TheNewsroomAI;TroelsJrgensen,DigitalDirectoratPolitiken;Esa Mkinen,Helsingin Sanomat;Craig McCosker,ABC,Australia;Matt Navarra,Social Media consultant;GrzegorzPiechota,INMA;DamianRadcliffe,Univ
275、ersityofOregon;MartinSchori,Aftonbladet;David Tvrdon,writer and digital strategist,Slovakia.THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM42RISJ PUBLICATIONSSELECTEDBOOKSHearts and Minds:Harnessing Leadership,Culture,and Talent to Really Go DigitalLucyKuengWorlds of Journalism:Journalistic Cultur
276、es Around the GlobeThomasHanitzsch,FolkerHanusch,JyotikaRamaprasad,and Arnold S.de Beer(eds)(published with Columbia University Press)NGOs as Newsmakers:The Changing Landscape of International News Matthew Powers(published with Columbia University Press)Global Teamwork:The Rise of Collaboration in I
277、nvestigative JournalismRichard Sambrook(ed)Journalism and the NSA Revelations:Privacy,Security and the PressRisto Kunelius,Heikki Heikkil,Adrienne Russell and Dmitry Yagodin(eds)(published with I.B.Tauris)Something Old,Something New:Digital Media and the Coverage of Climate ChangeJames Painter et al
278、.Journalism in an Age of Terror JohnLloyd(publishedwithI.B.Tauris)The Right to Be Forgotten:Privacy and the Media in the Digital AgeGeorgeBrock(publishedwithI.B.Tauris)The Kidnapping of Journalists:Reporting from High-Risk Conflict Zones Robert G.Picard and Hannah Storm(published withI.B.Tauris)Inno
279、vators in Digital NewsLucyKueng(publishedwithI.B.Tauris)Local Journalism:The Decline of Newspapers and the Rise of Digital MediaRasmus Kleis Nielsen(ed)(published with I.B.Tauris)Journalism and PR:News Media and Public Relations in the Digital AgeJohnLloydandLauraToogood(publishedwithI.B.Tauris)Repo
280、rting the EU:News,Media and the European InstitutionsJohnLloydandCristinaMarconi(publishedwithI.B.Tauris)SELECTEDRISJREPORTSANDFACTSHEETSChanging Newsrooms 2023:Media Leaders Struggle to Embrace Diversity in Full and Remain Cautious on AI DisruptionFederica Cherubini and Ramaa SharmaClimate Change N
281、ews Audiences:Analysis of News Use and Attitudes in Eight CountriesWaqasEjaz,MitaliMukherjee,andRichard FletcherPaying for News:Price-Conscious Consumers Look for Value amid Cost-of-Living CrisisNic Newman and Craig RobertsonStrategies for Building Trust in News:What the Public Say They Want Across
282、Four CountriesSayanBanerjee,CamilaMontAlverne,AmyRossArguedas,BenjaminToff,RichardFletcher,andRasmus Kleis NielsenReuters Institute Digital News Report 2023Nic Newman,Richard Fletcher,Kirsten Eddy,Craig T.Robertson,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenNews for the Powerful and Privileged:How Misrepresentation an
283、d Underrepresentation of Disadvantaged Communities Undermines Their Trust in NewsAmyRossArguedas,SayanBanerjee,CamilaMontAlverne,BenjaminToff,RichardFletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenRace and Leadership in the News Media 2023:Evidence from Five MarketsKirsten Eddy,Amy Ross Arguedas,Mitali Mukherjee,a
284、ndRasmusKleisNielsen(factsheet)43JOURNALISM,MEDIA,AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS 2024Women and Leadership in the News Media 2023:Evidence from 12 MarketsKirsten Eddy,Amy Ross Arguedas,Mitali Mukherjee,andRasmusKleisNielsen(factsheet)Journalism,Media and Technology Trends and Predictions 2023N
285、ic NewmanHow Publishers are Learning to Create and Distribute News on TikTokNic Newman How We Follow Climate Change:Climate News Use and Attitudes in Eight CountriesWaqasEjaz,MitaliMukherjee,RichardFletcher,Rasmus Kleis NielsenChanging Newsrooms 2022:Media Leaders Embrace Hybrid Work Despite Challen
286、gesFederica CherubiniBorn in the Fire:What We Can Learn from How Digital Publishers in the Global South Approach PlatformsRasmus Kleis Nielsen and Federica CherubiniThe Trust Gap:How and Why News on Digital Platforms Is Viewed More Sceptically Versus News in GeneralCamila MontAlverne,Sumitra Badrina
287、than,Amy RossArguedas,BenjaminToff,RichardFletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenSnap Judgements:How Audiences Who Lack Trust in News Navigate Information on Digital PlatformsAmy Ross Arguedas,Sumitra Badrinathan,Camila MontAlverne,BenjaminToff,RichardFletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenEcho Chambers,Filter
288、Bubbles,and Polarisation:A Literature ReviewAmy Ross Arguedas,Craig T.Robertson,Richard Fletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenDepth and Breadth:How News Organisations Navigate Trade-Offs Around Building Trust in News BenjaminToff,SumitraBadrinathan,CamilaMontAlverne,Amy Ross Arguedas,Richard Fletcher,and
289、 Rasmus Kleis NielsenOvercoming Indifference:What Attitudes Towards News Across the Global North and South Tell Us About Building TrustBenjaminToff,SumitraBadrinathan,CamilaMontAlverne,Amy Ross Arguedas,Richard Fletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenListening to What Trust in News Means to Users:Qualitati
290、ve Evidence from Four CountriesBenjaminToff,SumitraBadrinathan,CamilaMontAlverne,Amy Ross Arguedas,Richard Fletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenWomen and News:An Overview of Audience Behaviour in 11 CountriesMeeraSelvaandSimgeAndWhat We Think We Know and What We Want to Know:Perspectives on Trust in New
291、s in a Changing WorldBenjaminToff,SumitraBadrinathan,CamilaMontAlverne,Amy Ross Arguedas,Richard Fletcher,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenDaily News Podcasts:Building New Habits in the Shadow of CoronavirusNic Newman and Nathan GalloFew Winners,Many Losers:The COVID-19 Pandemics Dramatic and Unequal Impact
292、on Independent News MediaRasmus Kleis Nielsen,Federica Cherubini,and SimgeAndChanging Newsrooms 2020:Addressing Diversity and Nurturing Talent at a Time of Unprecedented ChangeFederica Cherubini,Nic Newman,and Rasmus Kleis NielsenPublish Less,but Publish Better:Pivoting to Paid in Local NewsJoy Jenk
293、insVolume and Patterns of Toxicity in Social Media Conversations during the COVID-19 PandemicSlviaMaj-Vzquez,RasmusKleisNielsen,JoanVerd,Nandan Rao,Manlio de Domenico,and Omiros Papaspiliopoulos(Factsheet)Are News Outlets Viewed in the Same Way by Experts and the Public?A Comparison across 23 European CountriesAnneSchulz,RichardFletcher,andMarinaPopescu(Factsheet)Types,Sources,and Claims of COVID-19 MisinformationJ.Scott Brennen,Felix M.Simon,Philip N.Howard,and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen(Factsheet)https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk www.digitalnewsreport.orgWith support from: