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1、 Food Systems InitiativeIncentivizing Food Systems TransformationJanuary 2020In collaboration with McKinsey & Company3Incentivizing Food Systems TransformationContentsQuotes 4Preface 5Executive Summary 6Section 1 Unlocking incentives for comprehensive food systems transformation 8Section 2 Roadmap f
2、or stakeholders to take action 17Section 3 Case study Reducing GHG emissions from food systems with incentives 19Contributors 26Endnotes 294Incentivizing Food Systems TransformationQuotesDelivering sustainable, healthy diets to 9 billion people within planetary boundaries is one of the greatest chal
3、lenges of our time. We need fundamental change to entire food systems, and this means pressing reset on some of the current incentive systems that too often drive unwanted outcomes and moving to subsidizing healthy foods or production methods that are better for the health of the planet.Hanneke Fabe
4、rPresident, Foods & Refreshment, Unilever, NetherlandsFarmers can offer an eloquent solution to the challenge of transforming food systems, while making agriculture more renewable, beneficial and sustainable. By focusing on finding pathways for consumer preference to reward farmers for producing mor
5、e nutritious food through better farming practices, innovation will proliferate and prevail in unanticipated ways.Ben RienscheOwner and Manager, Blue Diamond Farming Company, USA It is time to embark on a food systems transformation journey in Punjab that will provide livelihoods and income increase
6、 to millions of farmers who are the backbone of our economy, while addressing environmental sustainability and water issues in the state. This will not be possible for government to do alone. We need collective action and multistakeholder collaboration to implement the right incentive mechanisms tha
7、t will enable this critical shift for the state and the country.Hon. Amarinder SinghChief Minister, Government of Punjab, IndiaWe urgently need to change the way we produce and consume food so we can feed everyone in the world while raising incomes, improving health and nutrition and protecting the
8、planet. This report highlights four pathways for transforming food systems at the policy, business, investment and consumer levels recognizing the need for solutions tailored to country contexts. It is a welcome contribution as countries and their partners work to shift global and local food landsca
9、pes toward better development outcomes.Laura TuckVice-President, Sustainable Development, The World BankWe need to urgently change how we produce, process and consume food today. There is a historic opportunity to transform agri-food systems, which are essential to achieving the Sustainable Developm
10、ent Goals. The UN will convene the Food Systems Summit in 2021 to galvanize a collective leadership agenda that will be essential to deliver on food security, farmers livelihood and rural development, and take better care of our natural resources. Realigning incentives will be an important approach
11、in such a transformation journey.Dr. Qu DongyuDirector General, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United NationsThe impact of agriculture on climate change cannot be overstated its both a key contributor and a promising solution. This report highlights some of the novel approaches that
12、will be needed to ensure that agriculture takes a leading role in tackling this most complex risk facing society today, particularly in the areas of finance and risk management.Alison MartinCEO for EMEA and Bank Distribution, Zurich Insurance Group, Switzerland5Incentivizing Food Systems Transformat
13、ionThe World Economic Forums Food Systems Initiative is pleased to present this report on the role of incentives in enabling food systems transformation. Driven by rapidly growing concerns about diet-related health impacts, damage to the ecosystem, links to climate change and distress among several
14、million small-scale food producers, recognition is growing that immediate action is required to transform the way in which food is produced, accessed, distributed, valued and consumed if we are to achieve the 2030 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). An important aspect of this t
15、ransformation is a growing recognition of the need for the realignment and repurposing of current incentives to encourage food system actors to pursue an agenda for change. This report highlights how achieving such a change will require critical transitions that support: the adoption of healthier an
16、d more nutritious diets; the reduction of food loss and waste; a higher value on more sustainable and healthier food products; more sustainable farming practices; and the protection and restoration of natural resources. This report is consistent with the umbrella document developed for the 2021 UN F
17、ood Systems Summit entitled A Framework for Food Systems Transformation. This umbrella document provides a definition of efficient, inclusive and sustainable food systems, as well as identifying the challenges and potential trade-offs. In line with the UN framework document, this report highlights t
18、he trade-offs and barriers that prevent food system actors from pursuing change and proposes actions to address these challenges, as well as the role different stakeholders can play in incentivizing these shifts. The case study on incentivizing farmers to adopt practices that reduce greenhouse gas (
19、GHG) emissions further expands on these incentive mechanisms. Lastly, the report proposes a roadmap that can enable stakeholders to mobilize action on an agenda that is urgent. The work on incentives forms part of the World Economic Forums Food Systems Initiative, which is mobilizing and supporting
20、the individual-, institutional- and network-level leadership required to shape the future of food systems. Over the past decade, the initiative has established a common agenda and platform that now enable more than 700 diverse organizations to collaborate and learn, resulting in multistakeholder par
21、tnership initiatives in more than 25 countries. The Food Systems Initiative is part of the Platform for Global Public Goods, which enables leaders from the public and private sectors and civil society around the world to form innovative, cross-cutting communities of action that collaborate at speed
22、and scale, harness the opportunities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and trigger systems change to deliver integrated outcomes in line with meeting the SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement.As the world prepares for the important milestone of the UN Food Systems Summit in 2021, it is our hope tha
23、t this incentives report will bring new perspectives and stimulate stakeholders to develop a collective leadership action agenda. PrefaceSean de CleeneHead of Food Systems Initiative and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic ForumSaswati BoraHead of Food Systems Innovation, World Economi
24、c Forum6Incentivizing Food Systems TransformationThere is an increasingly urgent need to transform food systems so that they can sustainably nourish a growing population while providing economic opportunities and livelihoods to urban and rural communities. Historic productivity gains in the food sec
25、tor have come at alarming environmental and health costs. To meet the aspiration of establishing inclusive, efficient, sustainable, nutritious and healthy food systems capable of achieving the SDGs, a comprehensive transformation is required.Transition pathways necessary for food systems transformat
26、ionA food systems transformation requires several transitions, including to a healthier diet, sustainable supply chains, more inclusive livelihoods and greater production efficiency. These transitions necessitate a fundamental change in the way our food is produced (including in agri-industrial oper
27、ations as well as in the practices of more than 500 million smallholder farmers around the world)1 and in the way food is consumed (including the consumption patterns of 7.7 billion individuals).2 We need consumers to adopt healthier diets, reduce waste and place value on more sustainable, healthier
28、 food products; we need farmers to adopt more sustainable farming practices, protect and restore natural resources and meet the nutrition needs of a new generation of consumers. Incentivizing food systems transformationSeveral hurdles are preventing food system actors from meeting these aspirations.
29、 Without a clear economic case to achieve food systems transformation, driving the adoption of a comprehensive approach can be difficult. In addition, behaviour is driven by deeply rooted beliefs and attitudes. Current incentives do not address these hurdles. For example, governments have provided a
30、pproximately $570 billion per year in public support for agricultural producers to meet development imperatives related to food security, without sufficient focus on climate, nutrition and health outcomes.3 To spur large-scale behavioural shifts requires understanding and identifying the right incen
31、tives, which could fund behaviour change costs, while mitigating transition/switching costs and, potentially, ongoing economic costs. We also need to remove incentives that have the perverse effect of preventing those in the food system from changing their behaviour.This report focuses on four pathw
32、ays for creating the incentives needed to transform food systems: Repurposing public investment and policies pathway: Policies and regulatory frameworks can be reformed to provide positive incentives for those in the food system to produce food that is healthy for people and the planet Business mode
33、l innovation pathway: Companies can redesign business models to prioritize environmental, social and financial outcomes Institutional investment pathway: Investors can set higher standards with respect to how companies target environmental and social outcomes alongside financial returns Consumer beh
34、avioural change pathway: Consumers can shift their demand to environmentally and socially responsible nutritious productsRecent progress has been made along these interconnected pathways; however, much more progress is needed to enable transformational impact.To highlight how realigning incentives o
35、n these pathways can drive positive changes throughout the value chain, this report provides a case study focused on incentivizing farmers to adopt practices that reduce GHG emissions. Adopting such practices could lead to a reduction of agriculture emissions by around 30% of projected global agricu
36、lture emissions, which is equivalent to more than five times the annual emissions of aircraft.4 The report estimates that if all the available practices were implemented at full scale, the global food system could see cost savings of more than $50 billion annually. However, all stakeholders in the g
37、lobal food system face a landscape of legacy incentives that do not encourage sustainable production practices. The case focuses on possible incentive solutions for farmers: funds and carbon markets to encourage investors to invest in required transitions; business model innovations to redirect corp
38、orate profit to encourage change; and policy changes to shift farmers behaviour.Realigning incentives is complexIncentivizing food systems transformation will not be straightforward and will require substantial investments and efforts to manage complexities and trade-offs. Several mutually reinforci
39、ng actions, sequenced appropriately, are required at the individual actor, country, regional and global level. In addition, incentive mechanisms in food systems will have a greater impact if they are complemented by incentives from other sectors. For example, some insurers are offering incentives to
40、 consumers to make healthier food choices. Realigning incentives will also involve making calculated trade-offs between numerous diverse yet interconnected outcomes within food systems. For instance, the higher costs of providing environmentally and socially responsible foods may make food more expe
41、nsive, potentially further exacerbating the current inequities in access to nutritious food.It will also be important to recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for realigning food system incentives what works in one country or subsector may not work in another. Each country and region
42、 may, therefore, choose a bespoke approach that would involve setting transition goals and choosing incentive pathways and actions that are aligned with these goals. Governments must balance several important economic, social and environmental development objectives alongside national security objec
43、tives while supporting food systems. Lastly, there may be significant transition costs associated with realigning public investments and making policy shifts, including increased cost of food for the most vulnerable segments of the population and loss of income for growers. Governments need to accou
44、nt for such transition costs as they make decisions regarding repurposing public investment and policies. Roadmap for incentivizing change in food systemsRealigning incentives for food systems using the four pathways requires individual, coordinated and collective action. Five action areas can help
45、the global community incentivize transformation. First, there needs to be alignment from actors on a vision for food systems that meet the needs of people and planet. Building Executive Summary7Incentivizing Food Systems Transformationon this vision, stakeholders need to build a shared consensus on
46、the challenge to be addressed using incentives, the extent of the challenge and the desired pathways. Building such consensus requires a strong analytical foundation. Second, there needs to be a focus on identifying scalable models and approaches across the four incentive pathways that participants
47、in the food system can rally around for learning and prototyping in the pursuit of improvement and replication. New analytical tools and approaches could support systemic assessment including diagnosing food system challenges, analysing trade-offs and helping prioritize action across the four incent
48、ive pathways. Third, transformation requires systems leadership and coordinated action by diverse groups of stakeholders to cultivate a shared vision for change, empower widespread innovation and action and enable mutual accountability to accomplish systems change. Such leadership must be exercised
49、at the country, regional and global level. Fourth, collective country-level actions will be important in establishing and implementing an incentives agenda. Lastly, this will be complemented by collective action at the global and regional level including building consensus, resolving cross-border ch
50、allenges and developing new partnerships and business models that manage risk and improve capital flows and investment outcomes.8Incentivizing Food Systems TransformationIntroduction To feed a growing population nutritious food within planetary limits, food systems will need to be transformed. Produ