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1、THE CIRCULAR BUILT ENVIRONMENT PLAYBOOKCIRCULARITY ACCELERATORThe World Green Building Council(WorldGBC)is the largest and most influential local-regional-global action network,leading the transformation to sustainable and decarbonised built environments for everyone,everywhere.Together,with 75+Gree
2、n Building Councils and industry partners from all around the world,we are driving systemic changes to:Address whole life carbon emissions of existing and new buildings Enable resilient,healthy,equitable and inclusive places Secureregenerative,resourceefficientandwaste-free infrastructureWe work wit
3、h businesses,organisations and governments to deliver on the ambitions of the Paris Agreement and UN Global Goals for Sustainable Development(SDGs).Find out more www.worldgbc.orgAbout the World Green Building CouncilCEOForewordIn the natural world nothing goes to waste.It is undeniable that humans,w
4、ith our current linear systems which extract,transform,use and waste materials,are causing immeasurable damage to ourselves and to the planet.The use and waste of materials and products is trending in a dangerously unsustainable direction.Our homes,localities and infrastructure cover less than 2%of
5、the earths surface,yet our cities consume almost half the resources extracted globally1.Current estimates calculate that the world is only 7.2%circular,and continually overshooting planetary boundaries2.A circular economy is an essential part of the sustainability solution.All governments and the bu
6、ilding and construction sector must prioritise the massive material and waste footprint of our current linear system and embrace a circular transition that leverages social value for all.The transition to a circular economy within the built environment brings opportunities to decouple economic growt
7、h from carbon emissions and could yield up toUS$4.5trillionineconomicbenefitsbetween today and 20303.Through the Circular Built Environment Playbook,we hope to make the complex principles of the circular economy easy to understand for every actor in the built environment value chain.We have mapped o
8、ut more than 20 strategies of implementing circular design,construction and operation for the built environment,illustrated with best practice case studies from all over the world.We hope this will be an invaluable resource to guide the much needed system change from linear to circular.I would like
9、to thank our Circularity Accelerator programme partners and Green Building Councils whose shared ambition and collaboration has brought this important resource to fruition.Their innovation and case studies,which form the basis of this report,demonstrate that together we can close material loops in t
10、he built environment and drive the transition to a more sustainable future.We hope that the launch of this report will accelerate change within the built environment and demonstrate the urgency to scale sustainable solutions,now,and shape a future and circular economy that we are proud to live in.Cr
11、istina GamboaCEO,World Green Building Council WorldGBCs Circularity Accelerator is kindly supported by:Global Programme PartnersReport Partners32The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular Econom
12、yBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryExecutive SummaryWhy a circular economy?Globally,our linear take-make-waste systems are putting us on track to environmental,social and economic disaster,with the use of materials and products trending in a dangerously unsusta
13、inable direction 2023 estimates predict the world is only 7.2%circular4(a reduction from 8.6%in 2020 and 9.1%in 2018)5.Today,high-income countries are generating more than one-third of the worlds waste,yet they only account for 16%of the worlds population.In lower-income countries an estimated 93%of
14、 waste is illegally dumped6,and by 2050 waste generation in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to more than triple from current levels7.An estimated 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste was generated in 2016,and in 2050,this number is expected to grow by 70%globally to 3.4 billion tonnes8.In 2022,a
15、 years worth of biological resources were used in just seven months,which means the equivalent of 1.75 planet Earths would be required to supply this level of demand per year9.Today,fiveoftheninekeyplanetaryboundariesthatmeasureenvironmental health across land,water and air have been broken10.Todays
16、 efforts to combat climate change have focused predominantly on the critical role of renewable energy and energy-efficiencymeasureswithinthebuiltenvironment;these measures would address 55%of emissions from the sector.However,meeting climate targets will also require tackling and prioritising the re
17、maining 45%of emissions associated with the things we make,including building materials.11.Through the publication of The Circular Built Environment Playbook,the WorldGBC network aspires to increase awareness and accessibility of circular economy solutions,by guiding all stakeholders within the buil
18、t environment value chain towards sustainable,circular decision-making.Through this work our global network is driving action towards ourguidinggoalsforresourceefficiencyandcircularity;“A built environment that facilitates the regeneration of resources and natural systems,whilst providing socio-econ
19、omic benefits through a circular economy.”Image Credit:Patrick WardThe path to a better future is clear a circular economy is an essential part of the sustainability solution.54The Circular Built Environment PlaybookThe Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers for
20、ChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryCall to Action All stakeholders in the built environmental value chain have a role to play in enabling circular solutions at scale.Circular design and cons
21、truction offers extensive environmental opportunities and socio-economic benefitsiftheappropriatedesignandconstructionstrategies are implemented.In practical terms,it requires all stakeholders including investors,clients,developers and design teams to take a longer-term view,considering the past,pre
22、sent and future use of a buildings products and parts.Leadership from both private and public sector actors will be essential in guiding the large-scale circular economy transition.WorldGBC calls all actors from across the value chain to embrace the necessary actions to become circular-ready as the
23、necessary market conditions are put into place to create a thriving regenerative economy operating in alignment with planetary boundaries.More detail in the measures that practitioners can take to implement the calls to action can be found in the checklist.For more information on WorldGBCs Circulari
24、ty Accelerator global programme,please visit worldgbc.org/circularity-acceleratorWorldGBCs global network of Green Building Councils are committed to driving a sustainable built environment for everyone,everywhere by convening industry,knowledge dissemination,developing bestpracticestandardsandcerti
25、ficationtoolsacross different markets,and driving national and international policy change.For more information please reach out to your local Green Building Council.The Fundamental Principles of a Circular Economy A Definition for a Circular Building is:A circular building optimises the use of reso
26、urces whilst minimising waste throughout its whole lifecycle.The buildings design,operation and deconstruction maximise value over time using:Durable products and services made of secondary,non-toxic,sustainably sourced,or renewable,reusable or recyclable materialsSpaceefficiencyovertimethroughshare
27、d occupancy,flexibility and adaptability Longevity,resilience,durability,easy maintenance and reparability Disassembly,reuse or recycling of embedded material,components and systems Lifecycle assessment(LCA),lifecycle costing (LCC)and readily available digital information (such as building material
28、passports)12.WBCSD(2021)The business case for circular buildings:Exploring the economic,environmental and social valueThe core principles of a circular economy for the built environment are:Reduction in consumption of materials and resources Optimisation of lifespan for material and product use Desi
29、gn for disassembly,reuse and recycling,and the elimination of all waste Regeneration of nature.The strategies underpinning these themes through all building stages are examined in detail throughout this report.Tackling these sustainability issues will require a systemic transformation across the ent
30、ire built asset value chain.The principles of a circular economy must be implemented at all building scales and across all geographies and regions,whilst being applicable to assets of all typologies,both new and existing buildings and infrastructureTAKEMAKEUSEDISPOSELINEAR ECONOMYWASTE MAKEUSERETROF
31、ITEND OF LIFECIRCULARECONOMYTAKE76The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryIn this report,WorldGBC examines the
32、circular economy in the built environment,recognising its essential role in tackling the global climate and biodiversity crises,regenerating resources and accelerating socio-economic development.We are living in a period of environmental breakdown:a climate emergency,mass biodiversity loss,pollution
33、 and extinction,the over-utilisation of natural resources and a global waste crisis.There are an increasing number of complex global risks accelerating our planets breakdown,and it is undeniable that our current linear systems which extract,transform and use materials are causing immeasurable damage
34、 to the planet and its people.This report presents an overview of circular economy strategies for the built environment,and features market leadership and solutions from across the WorldGBC global network.The case study evidence in this publication showcases existing solutions that could be implemen
35、ted at scale.Through this report,WorldGBC demonstrates strategies that will help the built environment transition towards a closed-loop system,and calls for mass-market collaboration to make our circular economy aspirations business as usual for all built assets.01Introduction98The Circular Built En
36、vironment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryBuilding operations and the materials used in the construction of buildings are estimated to
37、 account for around 37%of global CO2 emissions15.Our homes,localities and infrastructure cover less than 2%of the earths surface,yet our cities produce an estimated 70%of all global greenhouse gas emissions13 and consume almost half the resources extracted globally14.Once a city is built,its physica
38、l form and land-use patterns can be locked in for generations,leading to unsustainable sprawl.Projections suggest this trend is only accelerating,with estimates stating that 68%of the worlds population will live in cities by 2050.Today,the expansion of urban land consumption outpaces population grow
39、th by as much as 50%,which is expected to add 1.2 million km of new urban built-up area to the world by 203016.High-income countries are generating more than one-third of the worlds waste,yet they only account for 16%of the worlds population.In lower-income countries an estimated 93%of waste is ille
40、gally dumped,and by 2050 waste generation in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to more than triple from current levels.An estimated 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste was generated in 2016,and in 2050,this number is expected to grow to 3.4 billion tonnes19 that represents an increase of 70%.The
41、transition to a circular economy within the built environment will bring togetherresourceefficiencyandopportunities to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions.Globally,the circular economy could yield up to US$4.5 trillion in economic benefits between today and 2030.In Europe alone it is esti
42、mated that a transition to a circular economy could generate a net economic gain of 1.8 trillion per year,this represents a potential 7%increase in the regions GDP20.1.1Global ContextImage Credit:Dave Herring1110The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChan
43、geThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryThe way we currently utilise resources in the built environment is unsustainable for three core reasons:Find out more:WorldGBCsCircularityAcceleratorGlobalProg
44、rammeOur Networks Guiding Goals The World Green Building Council global networks guiding goals for a circular,resource-efficientbuiltenvironmentis:A built environment that facilitates the regeneration of resources and natural systems,whilst providing socio-economic benefit through a circular economy
45、.2030 Goal:2050 Goal:The sustainable management and efficientuseofnaturalresourceswithinthe built environment,achieving zero wastetolandfilltargetsandworkingtowards a built environment with net zero whole life resource depletion.A built environment with net zero whole life resource depletion,working
46、 towards the restoration of resources and natural systems within a thriving circular economy.Depletion of finite resources:The building and construction sector employs at least 7%of people worldwide12.However the socio-economic structures surrounding the extraction,trade,construction and use of thes
47、e materials are unjust.Forced labour and inequality at all stages of the supply chain must be tackled.We must address embodied injustice alongside embodied carbon emissions.2.3.1.TheEarthdoesnothaveaninfinitesupplyoftheresources on which we have built global economies,particularly fossil fuels,heavy
48、 metals,soil and water.We operate in a world where more than 90%of all materials extracted and used are wasted.Between COP21 in Paris and COP26 in Glasgow,the global economy consumed 70%more raw materials than the Earth could safely replenish21.The emissions resulting from the way buildingsand mater
49、ials are produced,used and disposed of,are causing unprecedented climate change and environmental damage.Greenhouse gas emissions accelerating climate change:Inequities and human rights challenges:1312The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circu
50、lar-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary02The Fundamental Principles of a Circular Economy 1514The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checkl
51、ist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary2.1A Circular Economy for the Built Environment Circularity has become a popular word in recent years,but the truth is that buildings have been circular for millennia.Urban mining,buildi
52、ngs as material banks,and design for disassembly may sound like new ideas,but in fact,people have been reusing and repurposing building materials and products throughout history.Its only in our relatively recent history that weve overlooked some of these building principles and begun to inflict seve
53、re environmental damage.Today the circular use of materials and products is not trending in the right direction 2023 estimates calculate the world is only 7.2%circular13(a reduction from 8.6%circular in 2020 and 9.1%circular in 2018)14.What is a Circular Economy?TAKEMAKEUSEDISPOSELINEAR ECONOMYWASTE
54、During the OPERATIONAL phase,buildings are well maintained enabling a longer life of assets and their parts.Waste creation is minimised,and natural capital is restored and protected on site.Throughout the operational life of a building,maintenance and adaptability allows for the extended lifespan of
55、 an asset.At the RETROFIT stage all assets areretrofittedaccordingtohighersustainabilityperformancestandards.Reuseis prioritised over demolition,with preference for alternative,renewable,reused or recycled material use for asset renovations.At end-of-life stage,prioritise full disassembly and DECONS
56、TRUCTION to allow for reuse of all building materials,products and components.Demolition and sending buildingcomponentstolandfillshouldbeavoided.Unlike linear economic models-in which resources are disposed of at end of initial functional use-a circular economy optimises the use of resources whilst
57、minimising waste throughout its whole lifecycle.In the built environment,these stages are:MAKEUSERETROFITEND OF LIFECIRCULARECONOMYTAKEAt MANUFACTURING stage,make use of local,alternative and reused materials(particularly those deconstructed from existing buildings or assets),prioritising the use of
58、 renewable energy sources and operatingwithefficientuseofnaturalresources,such as water.At DESIGN stage,prioritise energy efficiency,makeuseofpassivedesignstrategies,prioritise renewable energy generation and utilisation,facilitate water harvesting and regeneration of nature,and prioritise use of lo
59、cally sourced,reused or alternative materials.Design for ease of maintenance,disassembly and deconstruction and ensure non-toxic material choices to allow future reuse and circulation.At CONSTRUCTION phase,low embodied carbon construction processes are utilised such as modular construction and highe
60、rperformance standards are implemented around construction waste.The use of sustainable materials and products is a priority through all decision making processes.1716The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciple
61、s of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryGlobally,therearenumerousdefinitionsof a circular economy being utilised across all sectors.A few of the most prominent and widely useddefinitionsinclude:“An industrial system that is restorative or regen
62、erative by intention and design.It replaces the end-of-life concept with restoration,shifts towards the use of renewable energy,eliminates the use of toxic chemicals,which impair reuse and return to the biosphere,and aims for the elimination of waste through the superior design of materials,products
63、,systems,and business models.”The World Economic Forum“The circular economy is a new and inclusive economic paradigm that aims to minimise pollution and waste,extend product lifecycles,and enable broad sharing of physical and natural assets.It strives for a competitive economy that creates green and
64、 decent jobs and keeps resource use within planetary boundaries.”UNECEs Economic Cooperation and Trade Division(ECTD)“The circular economy refers to an industrial economy that is restorative byintention;aimstorelyonrenewableenergy;minimises,tracks,andeliminatestheuseoftoxicchemicals;and eradicates w
65、aste through careful design.”Ellen MacArthur FoundationA Definition for a Circular Building is:“A circular building optimises the use of resources whilst minimising waste throughout its whole lifecycle.The buildings design,operation and deconstruction maximise value over time using:Durable products
66、and services made of secondary,non-toxic,sustainably sourced,or renewable,reusable or recyclable materialSpaceefficiencyovertimethroughshared occUpancy,flexibility and adaptability Longevity,resilience,durability,easy maintenance and reparability Disassembly,reuse or recycling of embedded material,c
67、omponents and systems Lifecycle assessment(LCA),lifecycle costing(LCC)and readily available digital information(such as building material passports)22.”Despite the challenge of multiple definitionsinuse,thereareclearoverlapsbetweendifferentdefinitions,frameworks and academic literature in circulatio
68、n today.Across numerous publicationsacommonsetofcorecircular economy principles emerge.For the purpose of providing clarity and overview in this document,an analysis of prominent sources from within the built environment has been conducted.Design for disassembly,reuse and recycling Material efficien
69、cyUse waste as a resource/material cascading Reduce the consumption of materials and resourcesUse materials and resources for as long as possibleCircular business modelsHealthy materials/avoiding hazardous substanceNature-based solutionsNet zero emissionsBuilt environment supply chainDigitalisation
70、and use of data-driven toolsSocial benefit and community resilienceUse of alternative materials Use circular strategies and solutionsRegeneratenatureAnalysis of Circular Economy Definitions Sources:ARUP,BAMB,C40,Circle Economy,CIRCuIT,DGNB,Chatham House,EEA,Ellen MacArthur Foundation,GBCA,GBCItalia,
71、Haupt et al(2017),Hobson(2016),Metabolic,Moreau et al(2017),NorwegianGBC,OECD,PACE,PBL,PolishGBC,Ramboll,Singh and Ordonez(2016),SITRA,WBCSD,WEF,World Bank,WRI,UKGBC,UNECEBased on WorldGBCs market analysis the most common themes and core principles of a circular economy in the built environment can
72、be summarised as follows:Reduction in consumption of materials and resources Optimisation of lifespan for material and product use Design for disassembly,reuse and recycling,and the elimination of all waste Regeneration of nature.Within the context of the built environment,the core principles of the
73、 circular economymust be implemented at all scales:Product,building,neighbourhood,infrastructure,city and system All geographies and regions;and applicable to buildings of all typologies,encompassing new and retrofitted buildings.The design and construction strategies underpinning these themes are e
74、xamined in detail in the subsequent sections of this report.Set of common denominators across different definitions of a circular building.The larger the distribution the higher the number of mentions.1918The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe C
75、ircular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryConstruct assets that are able to be adapted,maintained and disassembled.Implement sustainable procurement practices that prioritise locally sourced materials,with lo
76、w embodied carbon,no hazardous substances and storage,over-ordering,and supplier take back schemes.Develop a plan to minimise construction waste.Addressing existing gaps in education and skills development will be crucial,as the circular economy is a concept that requires all stakeholders to think a
77、nd act differently.Transitioning to a fully circular economy within the built environment will require urgent and large-scale action from all parts of society,particularly supported by both regulatory enforcement from the public sector and leadership of the private sector.2.2Creating a Circular Valu
78、e Chain in the Built Environment All stakeholders across the built environment value chain have a role to play in enabling circular solutions at scale.WorldGBC calls all actors from across the value chain to embrace the necessary actions to become circular-ready as the necessary market conditions ar
79、e put into place to create a thriving regenerative economy operating in alignment with planetary boundaries.Prioritise the implementation of key circularity principlesthroughdesignandretrofit,suchas adaptability,disassembly and for-nature generation.Specify materials with passports and EPDs,includin
80、g the use of alternative and reused materials,to stimulate the market for secondary and bio-based materials.Consider and target the use of alternative materials,prioritising reused materials and exploring product take-back business models.Start collecting and disclosing data to stimulate market tran
81、sparency and create a ripple effect across the supply chain.At the end of asset functional use,take back all materials and facilitate reuse/repair/recycling to keep products and materials in extended useful life and avoid demolition waste.Where products or materials cant be repurposed,employ materia
82、l cascading hierarchy to downcycle materials for further functional use.Policy makers can enable and facilitate the implementation of circular design principles through appropriate regulatory change that incentivises the use of circular services and products.POLICY MAKERS:DECONSTRUCTION:ASSET OWNER/
83、OCCUPIERS,USERS AND MANAGERS:CONTRACTORS:DEVELOPERS AND INVESTORS:MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS:DESIGNERS:The call to action and key outcomes for the Circular Built Environment Playbook report can be analysed in detail within the industry-specificWorldGBCCircular-Ready Checklist.Set circular economy r
84、equirements as part of ESG and sustainability strategy.Mandate use of lifecycle assessments alongside digital modelling to guide planning and decision-making,including allowances for use of alternative materials where possible.Innovate practices to utilise sharing business models,and champion adapta
85、tion of assets to other use types.Protect and enhance nature and natural resources on-site.Develop a plan to minimise operational waste generation and disposaltolandfill.2120The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPr
86、inciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryOPERATIONBuildingsareresourceefficientandwellmaintained,enablingalonger life of buildings and their parts while reducing all waste and carbon emissions.Technology is used to enhance operational eff
87、iciency,andallmaterialsthatarepartofexistingassetsareconsidered resources for the buildings of tomorrow.Building facilities are shared and contribute to the resilience of communities.RETROFITAllassetsareretrofittedaccordingtohighersustainabilityperformancestandards.Reuse is prioritised over demoliti
88、on,and disassembly and deconstruction are a part of standard building practices.The majority of materials are locally sourced and procured which supports the economic resilience of the local community.DECONSTRUCTIONEnd-of-life considerations are part of the full design process enabling opportunities
89、 for disassembly and deconstruction.The value of recovered building products is fully understood,whereby buildings are deconstructed and building products are reused again and again.REUSE AND RECYCLINGEnd-of-life considerations are part of the full design process enabling opportunities for reuse and
90、 recycling.The value of recovered building products is fully understood,and upcycling opportunities are available.Buildings are deconstructed and the materials are reused again and again.MANUFACTURINGMaterials are manufactured locally using local skills and resources.Focus is placed on reducing all
91、emissions and waste,using alternative,bio-based and renewable materials and reducing the dependence on mining and manufacturing of new materials.Manufacturers provide material passports for products,assemblies and fabricated elements which align with best practice guidelines and rethink business mod
92、els to use less materials or adopting product take-back schemes.DESIGNHolistic circular design approach makes use of passive design,renewable energy,water harvesting and local materials to mitigate emissions and allow for regeneration of natural resources.Designing for operational needs is considere
93、d upfront,focusing on the multi-use of spaces,design for flexibility,adaptability,disassembly and longer lifecycles.All materials including alternative,bio-based and renewable materials are sustainably sourced and procured.CONSTRUCTIONBuildings are constructed to higher sustainability performance st
94、andards and modular elements in construction are used,making buildings easier to repair and maintain,disassemble and relocate or refurbish for reuse.Construction waste is eradicated as far as possible,whilst supporting improved quality and timelines for construction.The CircularBuilt Environment A c
95、ircular built environment will require action at every stage of the building and construction lifecycle.1.2.4.3.7.6.5.2322The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstructi
96、on MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary2.3Measuring the progress of a circular economy is essential to the actual implementation of a functioning circular economic system.We cant improve what we dontmeasure.The implementationof strategies that retain an assetsvalue and usefulness require
97、s long-term planning.Through focusedcollaboration,the building and construction sector has the opportunity to close theloop throughout the supply chain,butonly with the provision of reliable datato inform the market.The measurement of a circular building or asset is a question that remains unresolve
98、d across the industry.However strategies and frameworks covering a broad range of topics such as product availability and quality,material storage location,reusability,and including circularity ratings for an entire asset,are enabling leadership within the market.How can we measure the circularity o
99、f materials?Whilst the circularity of a building cannot be fully measured until the end of its life,the following indicators have been proposed to establishquantifiablegoalsandindicators at different stages.Digital material passports are a key strategy for tracking the circulation of building and co
100、nstruction materials in a closed loop system,by hosting open-sourcedatadefiningthecharacteristicsof materials in products used,and enablingtheidentificationofvalueforrecovery,reuse and recycling.Through focused collaboration,the building and construction sector has the opportunity to close the loop
101、throughout the supply chain,but only with the provision of reliable data to inform the market.Measuring Circularity in the Built Environment Image Credit:Florian Wehde2524The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinc
102、iples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryCircular Built Environment:Resources for the Global Industry The WorldGBC global network aspires to increase awareness and accessibility of circular economy solutions for the built environment.This in
103、teractive map features market leadership from Green Building Councils who participate in the Circularity Accelerator global programme,in addition to industry partners.WorldGBC Circular Accelerator Steering CommitteeIndustry Partners2726The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegener
104、ate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryINTRODUCING KEY THEMES FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALSDESIGN AND RETROFITREGENERA
105、TE NATURE LEVERS FOR CHANGE Image Credit:Matthew Henry2928The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryThis chapter
106、examines building and construction materials,and presents best practice circular economy examples from across the global built environment.“We have a long tradition of reusing materials.Right up until the 1960s,there were strong traditions of sorting and reusing building materials in Norway,such as
107、notched logs,joists and beams,roof structures,bricks,roof tiles,windows,and doors.Materials were expensive and there was money to be saved by reusing them.A major shift in material recovery occurred in the 1950s when we moved from using lime mortar to cement mortar.From that point,it became possible
108、 to produce very cheap building materials through industrialprocesses.Efficientbuildingmethods,fewerrequirements regarding the service life of buildings,and lower material costs made material recovery less important for many.”Think-twice-before-demolishing,Grnn Byggallianse(Norwegian Green Building
109、Council)03BUILDING&CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 3130The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary04Material usage in the c
110、onstruction industry is set to increase exponentially over the coming decades,yet it is vital that the sector does not exceed the global carbon budget based on planetary boundaries23.By 2050,the global demand for conventional materials,such as steel,cement and aluminium,is projected to increase by a
111、 factor of two to four24.Even with ambitious net zero strategies,emissions from the production of conventional materials alone will reach,cumulatively,649 billion tonnes of CO2e by 210025.Materials and products withcircular properties(includingboth conventional and alternativematerials)are typically
112、 non-toxic,minimise natural resource depletion through use of renewable resources and/or secondary materials(encompassing reused,recovered and recycled materials).Research demonstrates that circularity principles are not being utilised at scale in many of the primary materials markets22.Therefore th
113、e materials market has huge untapped potential toembracethebenefitsofmoresustainable material use.With around 30%of the carbon emissions for the construction sector being generated at the product stage,we cannot ignore that faster action across the whole value chain is needed.A focus on safety,healt
114、hier products and disclosure will enable faster decarbonisation as well as new business opportunities.The production and use of materials with circular properties,whether conventional or alternative,are essential in reducing carbon emissions from the built environment.3.1All materials and buildings
115、have a carbon footprint as a result of the embodied carbon emissions generated when we extract resources and materials,or when we repurpose existing products and building parts.With around 30%of the carbonemissions for theconstruction sectorbeing generated atthe product and construction stages,we ca
116、nnot ignore thatfaster action acrossthe whole value chainis needed.Global ABC Global Status Report 2018 EIABuilding and Construction Material Use in Industry3332The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a
117、 Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryDigital Material Passports 3.2What are the Key Concepts?CASE STUDY:A material passport document describes the characteristics and value of building materials and products for recovery,reuse and recycling purpos
118、es in larger volumes in open markets 26.The concept of the material passport is currently being developed by multiple parties,particularly in European countries 27.There are several existing market tools linked to material passports,which include the measurement and declaration of impacts on social
119、and environmental indicators,such as Lifecycle Analysis(LCA)and Environmental Product Declarations(EPD)28.The information about products used in a building can be mapped and recorded in digital databases,both for new and existing buildings.The information about the material resources of a building c
120、an be useful for refurbishment purposes,or when a building is deconstructed and the products become available for other buildings or uses.Material databases need to be transparent to facilitate comparison whilst demonstrating the residual value of materials at the end of a buildings life.Digital mat
121、erial passports enable all built assets to function as material banks.For more information and examples of material databases:Common Materials Framework,Transparency Catalog,Cradle to Cradle(C2C)Certified Products Registry,Energy Efficient Products for Consumers,SPOT,Ecoinvent,Global Green Tag.CASE
122、STUDY:Delivering steels full reuse potential.Steel reuse is now a viable low-carbon option for all parties to implement;fromtheperspectivesofcontractor,steelproducer,fabricator,engineer to the client,as it is demonstrated by the Elephant and Castle regeneration project in London,UK.Buildings as Mate
123、rial Banks Every brick,wall,door,and window pane in a building has a value.When buildings are refurbished or demolished,these materials are often disposedofinlandfillsitesorusedin energy recovery.With the concept ofbuildingsasmaterialbanks,buildings are seen as places that store materials that can b
124、e reused,recycled,or upcycled for new products48.In a circular economy,materials that are part of existing buildings are considered resources for the buildings of tomorrow.This creates demand for reused,recycled or repurposed building parts;however,to achieve these accurate material databases,record
125、s and bills of quantity are needed.The Recycled Houses;Denmark.Arerecycledmaterialsasdurableasnewmaterials?Between1990-1994,threeapartmentbuildings,knownasTheRecycledHouses,were built from 80-90%recycled materials in Horsens,Odense and Copenhagen.The aim was to employ full-scale,traditional construc
126、tion methods making the greatest possible use of recycled materials.CASE STUDY:The pledge for transparency and performance in materialsThe call for Environmental Product Declarations(EPDs)has exponentially increased in the last couple of decades as a result of the call for more transparency from use
127、rs,developers and authorities.In fact,the EPD credit is the most popular Materials&Resources credit in the LEED rating system and several manufacturing companies,such as Saint-Gobain have embraced this movement and are raising the bar in the circularity goals.Image Credit:Ricardo Gomez AngelPasaport
128、e de materiales y activos sostenibles(P+MAS)a pioneering material passport platform in Latin America.The“Sustainable Materials and Assets Passport:P+MAS”is a project developed and managed by Chile Green Building Council(Chile GBC)and the Technological Center for Innovation in Construction(CTeC),both
129、 beingnon-profitorganisationsandspecialists,promotingsustainabilityand innovation in the construction sector in Chile.This initiative is part of the circular economy challenges for the construction sector of CORFO(agencyoftheMinistryofEconomy)andisco-financedwithcontributionsfrom renowned material m
130、anufacturing and real estate companies.3534The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryLocally Sourced Materials Lo
131、calising the supply chain represents a tremendous opportunity to help the environment and the local economy.The amount of energy it takes to produce and transport materials should be considered crucial in the selection process of materials,as these factors are reflected in the embodied carbon emissi
132、ons of an asset.Materials and products vary in the amount of energy they require for production,as do various transportation modes.When transportation and energy consumption are reduced,emissions that cause climate change and impact human health are also lowered.Procuring materials locally can enabl
133、e entrepreneurial activity,with the potential to provide employment to traditionally underserved branches of society,such as women and young people entering labour markets and facing unemployment41.Responsible and Healthy MaterialsKey global organisations are encouraging the use of environmentally r
134、esponsible,healthy,low carbon products ready for a circular economy by delivering a common language and multi-attribute criteria that can be used to select better products.Existingframeworks,suchasMindfulMaterialsandGBCAsResponsibleProductsFramework,havesignificantcommonalities,includingsettingoutcr
135、iteriarelevant for building products and materials based on their impact on people,place,and planet.These are based on established industry protocols such as EPDs and HPDs.While there may be some differences between tools and systems,there is a growing consensus on the core attributes of a responsib
136、le product.Urban Mining and Material CascadingCASE STUDY:Urban mining is the process of reclaiming materials from various waste streams.It considers the waste generated by cities as a valuable resource,allowing for the monetisation of any material and product from any waste stream.However when demol
137、itionis adopted by project teams,it often makes the separation of material streamsdifficult.Material cascading maximises resource effectiveness by re-using products to create the most economic value over multiple lifetimes This approach to production and consumption states that energy recovery shoul
138、d be the last option,ideally withefficientincinerationprocesses,minimising carbon emissions.CASE STUDY:SOLID WOODVENEER WOOD PRODUCTSPARTICLE-BASED PRODUCTSFIBRE-BASED PRODUCTSBIO-BASED CHEMICAL PRODUCTSENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY AND HEATCross-laminated secondary timber(CLST).Solid timber waste is typic
139、ally chipped and downcycled into products such as particle board and animal bedding with limited reclamation of solid timber through salvage yards.In a circular economy,biological materials should be cascaded through reuse and high-value recycling,which increase the built environments capacity to st
140、ore biogenic carbon,before downcycling to lower-grade products and eventually returning to the biosphere.An example of high-value recycling is using recovered wood in mass timber products like CLT and glulam,which can displace the need for carbon-intensive virgin materials.Upcycle waste timber to re
141、tain its sequestered carbon over the long term,and allow local production of mass timber products29.Xiao Jing Wan University,China a history of locally sourced brick masonry buildings.The complex nature of university buildings was designed and constructed to respect the areas vernacular heritage whi
142、lst minimising the environmental impact of construction by sourcing and manufacturing materials locally.This concept is often associated with the forestry sector,in which cascading use can be effectively demonstrated.For example,a resource effective cascade may start with recently harvested,solid wo
143、od that goes into veneer wood products.After one lifecycle,if direct reuse is not technically feasible,then becomes particle-based products,which then becomesfiber-basedproducts,whichthen becomes bio-based chemical products,which then becomes energy for electricity and heat30.The principle of consec
144、utive functioning uses of a material or product is equally relevant for the built environment,in particular for construction materials.Image Credit:Zeeshan WaniCASE STUDY:Creating Circular Materials,Compatible with Life:A compilation of leading industry resources to guide healthy,non-toxic material
145、use in buildingsFor years,circularity practitioners have needed to develop an advanced knowledge of toxicology to be able to askthe right questions of their supply chain to exclude anything suspected to be harmful to life.To increase the accessibility of circular,sustainable and healthy materials,ex
146、perts at Brightworks Sustainability have partnered with visionary leaders through years of stakeholder engagement and material vetting to offer the following free and comprehensive resources.3736The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Re
147、ady Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryMaterial Take-Back Material take-back in todays markets is often organised by a manufacturer or retailer to collect used products or materials from consumers and reintroduce th
148、em to the original processing and manufacturing cycle.A company may implement this programme in collaboration with end-of-life logistics and material processing firms45.The process of material take-back reduces the requirement for new materials in product creation and incentivises better design for
149、disassembly and reuse by the manufacturer.Therearemultiplebenefitsforimplementing a take-back programme,including:stronger customer relationships,lower cost of goods sold due to secondary material supply,alternative supply of critical raw minerals,mitigated risks associated with hazardous materials
150、handling and reduced environmental impacts.Thesebenefitscanresultinlowercost or discounts to consumers when they participate.However these programmes can be complex to implement as it may be a major challenge to convert end products back to raw material,and the cost of recycling may be high.The supp
151、ort of governments is required to assist in creating the necessary infrastructure,incentives and waste regulations to accelerate the implementation of take-back programmes at scale45.CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:Carbon-Storing Materials Carbon storage in construction materials is essential to achieving net
152、 zero carbon targets within the built environment31.The use of embodied carbon accounting tools to measure emissions can help prioritise carbon-storing materials instead of offsetting carbon-emitting materials.Carbon dioxide can be stored within materials,including those used for buildings and const
153、ruction in a number of ways.Two prominent methodsinclude:Bio-based materials and products which are derived from living organisms:when a plant dies and decays,some of the carbon is stored in the soil while the rest is released back into the atmosphere.If these plant resources are instead harvested a
154、nd converted into a building product,the carbon is effectively stored for the life of the building.Mineral carbonation or weathering process where dissolved carbon dioxide reacts with the minerals in rock to produce carbonate,which is stable over a long period of time and can be used in construction
155、.This technique is being used by industry-leading companies to develop products including cement bricks and plaster boards32.Cutting-edge technologies towards carbon-neutral concreteConcrete is a widely used material in the built environment as it is a strong,durable,and versatile material that can
156、withstand great stresses without yielding.Apart from providing structural strength,concretecancontributetoenergyefficiencyofbuildingswhenproviding thermal mass for the appropriate applications.Technologies to decarbonise concrete include the carbon capture in minerals to be used as low emission raw
157、material in green cement and the Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage projects(CCUS).Holcim,a global leader in the sector is partnering with researchorganisationstofindgloballyscalabletechnologiestoaccelerate industrial decarbonisation.84 Harrington Street in Cape Town,South Africa,named worlds ta
158、llest hemp built building84 Harrington Street in Cape Town,South Africa is a 12-storey building featuring a total of 50 apartments built using hempcrete blocks and hemp construction materials.Hempcrete sequesters about 108kg of CO2 which can be locked away as biomass per cubic meter of hempcrete for
159、 the lifespan of the building.CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:Product take-back models in use in the commercial real estate sectorThebuiltenvironmenthasasignificantpotentialtoreducecarbonemissionsthroughcircularpracticesinfit-outs.Abuildingfit-outisa process whereby interior building materials and components
160、are installed,including flooring,wall and window coverings,partitions,doors,furnitureandequipment.Onaverage,fit-outshappeneveryeight years and are responsible for a third of emissions over the life of a building.Hungary leading innovation of the circular economy by enabling the trade of reclaimed re
161、frigerantsThrough amendments to the current legislation,the Hungarian Government is encouraging unit owners and service companies to choose reclamation as an alternative to disposal for recovered fluorinated greenhouse gases(F-GHG),so that they only become waste when absolutely necessary.The role of
162、 the Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)is an environmental policy approachunderwhichproducersaregivenasignificantresponsibilityfinancialand/orphysicalforthecollectionandtreatmentofpost-consumer products.Assigning such responsibility in principle provides incen
163、tives to prevent waste at the source,promote product design for the environment and support the achievement of public recycling and materials management goals30.3938The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples
164、of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary3.3 Overcoming Challenges:How Can We Mainstream the Use of Circular Materials?Manufacturershaveexpressedtheneedformorefinancialsupport.This could come from additional credit lines for the development and im
165、plementation of green products or incentives from local and national governments,or incentives forthecertificationprocesses.The competitiveness of alternative materials could also increase by incorporating externalities into the prices of construction materials.Traditional and new materials usually
166、do not reflect the environmental impact and the carbon emissions,which is why some countries are exploring the idea of extending carbon and health-related taxes55.Themanufacturingsectormustdevelopcertifiedalternativematerials with competitive costs while the demand side needs tobesufficientlymotivat
167、ed.Forinstance,thepublicsectorcould lead by example by showcasing exemplary circular buildingsusingthird-partycertificationsoraligningwithbest-in-class initiatives such as the upcoming EU Taxonomy.The demand for circular solutions to be supported by databases,platforms,and the appropriate logistics
168、to connect manufacturers with developers.Databases provide designers andconstructorswiththeavailabilityoflocal,certifiedalternative products,making it easier for them to include into theirspecificationsanddecreasecostsandcarbonemissionsdue to transportation.Platforms could support the connection bet
169、ween providers and contractors,and certain services(such as storage warehouses)could decrease the amount of waste and facilitate the construction process.Once databases and platforms are in place,mass data capture of material use can occur,where Environmental Product Declarations(EPDs)and Lifecycle
170、Assessments(LCAs)promote transparency.To overcome these challenges,collaboration and commitment of the entire value chain is required:Analysis from Towards a circular builtenvironment in Europe ASystems Analysis,by the Circular Buildings Coalition.Although materials with circular features are recogn
171、ised as essential elements,in support of sustainable economic growth and the decarbonisation of the built environment54,when compared to traditional materials and products,such materials face key challenges that include:Complex certification processes and lack of appropriate regulations the current
172、policies and mandatory measures do not incentivise the use of alternative materials at scale.Traditional products standards and assessment methods do not recognise all product performances.Furthermore,the lack of standardisation usuallyresultsintheneedformorethanonecertification,which is costly and
173、time consuming.Cost competitiveness current markets experience highcostsfortheproductionandcertificationofalternativematerials,lowprofitmarginsandlowcostofvirginmaterials,whichmakesitdifficultforbuilderstojustify using them,even if they are more sustainable.4140The Circular Built Environment Playboo
174、kOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary3.4Call to ActionThis chapter examines the role of buildingand constructionmaterials in order todemonstrate t
175、hefeasibility of circulareconomy approacheswithin the built environment,with the following calls to action for industry:DRIVE CIRCULAR MATERIAL USE:increase the demand for sustainably sourced and procured materials and products which preserve biological diversity in nature,whilst ensuring it sustain
176、s economic viability.REDUCE THE CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES:materials that are part of existing buildings are considered resources for the buildings of tomorrow.Avoid the production and use of new building materials as well as the construction of new built assets.LOCALISE THE SUPPLY CHAIN:localising th
177、e supply chain and procuring materials and products locally represents a tremendous opportunity to help the environment and the local economy.“We cannot move from a supply chain to a supply circle without ensuring our products are created using substances that are conducive to life.We should take a
178、hard look at the way we create any object and ensure it is aligned with lifes chemistry.”Jack Dinning,Senior Materials Specialist,Brightworks“Hazardous substances in construction materials pose a significant health risk to communities both near production sites,to factory-and construction workers,as
179、 well as to building users and the environment.By tackling the lack of transparency and minimising hazardous substances in construction materials,we can achieve healthier environments while incentivising the potential for reusing and upcycling products in future cycles.”Rikke Bjerregaard Orry,Sustai
180、nability Director,Ramboll Buildings“You can only improve what you measure has become the mantra of our industry.Data driven decision making completely revolutionises the sustainability outcomes for companies.Data insights can significantly boost operational efficiencies,improve processes and reduce
181、waste whilst delivering cost,raw material consumption and carbon savings as part of a circular economy.”Dorota Bacal,Sustainability and Innovation Lead,VinZero4342The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of
182、 a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryThis chapter examines design and construction practices in the circular economy,analysing and presenting strategies in action from across the global built environment.Designing a circular building will princi
183、pally mean that no building asset at the end of its lifecycle will become waste,but will instead remain incorporated in the supply chain.“Circularity in the built environment refers to the concept of designing and operating buildings,infrastructure,and other constructed spaces in a way that mimics t
184、he closed-loop systems found in nature.”Towards a circular built environment in Europe-A Systems Analysis,Circular Buildings Coalition 04DESIGN AND RETROFIT 4544The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a
185、 Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary4.1Circular Building Design and Construction StrategiesDesigners of buildings and infrastructure are well-placed to challenge business-as-usual approaches and unleash forward-looking designs that consider the e
186、ntire lifecycle of an asset.Circular design and construction offers extensive environmental opportunities andsocio-economicbenefitsiftheappropriate design and construction strategies are implemented.In practical terms,it requires all stakeholders including investors,clients,developers and design tea
187、ms to take a longer-term view,considering the past,present and future use of a buildings products and components including how to procure,maintain and retain their value and usefulness over multiple lifetimes.Linking Net Zero and Circularity:The implementation of circular design principles is an ess
188、ential part of the solution for a net zero carbon future.While industry has traditionally focused on addressing operational carbon,increased efforts to tackle embodied carbon emissions at a global scale must now be equally prioritised.WorldGBCs Whole Life Carbon Vision calls for all new buildings to
189、 be net zero carbon in operation and all new buildings,infrastructure and renovations to have at least 40%less embodied carbon with significant upfront carbon reduction by 2030.By 2050,all new buildings,infrastructure and renovations must have net zero embodied carbon.Design for Reuse Over Multiple
190、Life Times In built environment design,building reuse(also called adaptive reuse)refers to the repurposing of an existing building or structure for a new purpose,avoiding the use of new building components and parts when more sustainable approaches are achievable.Building reuse strategies minimise e
191、missions and material use,reduce construction waste while mitigating social challenges related to urban sprawl.During design,considering the adaptability potential of the building during its operational phase is essential,as the functional life span of buildings is relatively short versus its physic
192、al capacity to exist in a safe manner57.Design must consciously facilitate the longer functional use and ease of maintenance of building products and parts to keep them at a high value over multiple lifetimes.Materials which pose a potential risk to human health are likely to prevent the reusability
193、 of building products in the future,thus impeding on the value retention potential.Preventing the use of materials and products that have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of building occupants and workers is fundamental to circular design.Existing buildings may contain hazardous materia
194、ls,presenting long-term human healthrisks;hazardousmaterialsmustbeidentifiedinadvanceofconstructionto prevent accidental exposure for the occupants.Hazardous materials include:asbestos,lead,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)and heavy metals among others58.Modular Construction
195、Modular construction is a key component of design for reuse through a circular built environment,as standardised building parts are easier to repair and maintain,disassemble and relocate or refurbish for reuse.The demand for raw materials and energy is reduced during the production of new units with
196、in a closed factory environment rather than at an open construction site(which could be prone to external disturbances)and as a result the production waste is more easily reduced due to more control over material recycling and the protection of building materials.The refurbishment of modular buildin
197、g units and their parts rather than the replacement of the entire unit(or building)leads to extended product lifetimes,reducing the number of building products disposed of prematurely.4746The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Che
198、cklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryIt is important at an early stage in the design process to design for the disassembly and deconstruction of the building in order to recover the residual value of the asset at its end
199、-of-life stage.Designing for disassembly should create buildings that function as material banks,eliminate waste,and are easy to maintain,retrofit,andreuse.Demolition is commonplace in the construction industry and the waste it generates is catastrophic,making the separation of material streams,and
200、the consequent reuse of them difficult to facilitate.Strategies that promote the reuse,repurposing and recycling of products and components must be prioritised over demolition on a principle basis.Deconstruction is a more resource efficientalternativeasitinvolvestheselective dismantling and removal
201、of materials and products from buildings while retaining the original value of building components.Designing for disassembly and deconstruction involves some straightforward tactics:the fewer parts you use,the fewer parts there are to take apart,and additionally the use of common and similar fastene
202、rs(e.g.screws)will require only a few standard tools,simplifying and improving the speed of disassembly.Importantly,upskilling and and training around disassembly and deconstruction will help contractors understand how best to disassemble and reassemble building components33.Quay Quarter Tower,Sydne
203、y Australia-setting a global benchmark for adaptive reuseDesigned and constructed to have a net-positive or at least a net-zero impact on the environment,rather than being demolished,the existing commercial skyscraper was upcycled,retaining more than 60%of its existing structure and extending the as
204、sets design life by 50 years.In 2022,the project won the World Building of the Year award at the World Architecture Festival in Lisbon.Burwood Brickworks Shopping Centre,Australia-an industry leading sustainable retail design and constructionDeveloped by Frasers Property Australia,the Burwood Brickw
205、orks Shopping Centre projectteamconductedhealthymaterials research to create a freely available resource known as the Greensheet for the Australian market.Canadas largest heritage rehabilitation projectCanadas 100-year-old parliament building,Centre Block in Ottawa,is undergoing an extraordinary ret
206、rofitthatblendsheritageconservation with sensitive contemporary interventions including seismic upgrades,modernised building systems,and new spaces to support parliamentary operations.CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:Design for Disassembly and Deconstruction According to the ISO 2088761:Sustainabili
207、ty in buildings and civil engineering works Design for disassembly and adaptability,the following principles should be considered when designing for:Disassembly:1.Ease of access,2.Independence,3.Avoidanceofunnecessarytreatmentsandfinishes,4.Supporting reuse business models,5.Simplicity,6.Standardisa
208、tion,7.Safety of disassembly Adaptability:1.Versatility,2.Convertibility 3.Expandability4948The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofit
209、Introduction GlossaryImplementing circular economy principles and approaches is essential when designing out waste.By using resources efficientlyfromthedesignstage,theaimistoplantouseavailablematerialsasefficientlyaspossibleinordertominimise the amount used during an assets construction and operatio
210、n.34.Sustainable waste management closes the loop through the reuse and recycling of as much waste as possible,allowing it to re-enter the economy instead of being sent to a landfill.A circular economy depends upon using materials to their mostefficientextent,andwastemanagementisthelaststepin that p
211、rocess61.Where waste is inevitable and products are not practically reusable,careful consideration must be given to achieve optimum use of all waste streams.Best practice waste management plans for construction must be prepared in the early stages of a project,considering waste as a valuable resourc
212、e.Environmental impacts are reduced when the contractor diverts a targeted percentage of construction and demolitionwastefromlandfill.Equally,anappropriateplanfor operational waste should be prepared that ensures the building design includes adequately sized waste storage areastofacilitateefficient,
213、safeseparation,collectionandrecovery.A circular economy is not possible without sustainable waste managementsystems.Adoptingazero-to-landfillapproachisaspecific,measurableandachievabletarget.Howeveritis also essential to have transparent,published data on the recovery and destination markets availab
214、le for all materials and products.Design Out WasteCASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:The Waste Hierarchy:In order to minimise negative impacts of waste,the Waste Hierarchy was proposed as a model to establish preferred programme priorities and evaluate processes that protect resources.The European Commission,for
215、 instance,developedafive-step“waste hierarchy”for the EU Waste Framework Directive,in which preventing waste is the preferred option,andsendingwastetolandfillshould be the last resort35:Pyrre House,Finland-the first Finnish building designed and constructed to test the EUs design criteria for adapta
216、bility,disassembly and recyclabilityPyrre House is a steel-framed single-storey detached house built for the Lohja Housing Fair in 2021.The building has 227 m2 of floor space and the primary construction is made of steel.The house has been designed and constructed to embrace low-carbon circular prin
217、ciples and strategies and of all the materials used on the project,it is made up of 22.1%recycled,15.3%renewable and 62.6%non-renewable materials.The design team carefully mapped the use of materials and building components for the project,exploring ways in which the building could retain its value
218、and usefulness over the long term.Minimising waste at deconstruction,Kinga Ora Homes and CommunitiesConstruction and demolition waste may represent up to 50%(6 milliontonnesperyear)ofallwastetolandfillsinNewZealand.Consequently,themunicipalityofKingaOraestablishedanambitious deconstruction and demol
219、ition programme,which aims to reuse or recycle up to 80%,or more,of uncontaminated materials by weight in Auckland and Northland development areas,and 60%of uncontaminated materials in all other regions.PREVENTIONPREPARING FOR REUSERECYCLINGRECOVERYDISPOSALPRODUCT(NON-WASTE)WASTE5150The Circular Bui
220、lt Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryCASE STUDY:Tackling linear mindsets:Designing to close loops is a relatively new concep
221、t for market stakeholders.Clients,designers and contractors have the challenge of culturally embracing not-brand-new assets and products,promoting understanding that quality is not compromised,and meeting project timings and budget.Appropriate tools:Circular building design requires the support soft
222、ware and modelling tools that incorporate lifecycle data,including performance(structural,thermal,etc),life spans,maintenance and replacement requirements,embodied carbon,etc.While many Building Information Modelling(BIM)tools are working on incorporating this information,they are still exemplary an
223、d not yet a common practice.Supporting regulations:Current regulations can be an obstacle to designing with certain materials,which discourage the transition to a fully circular mindset.Furthermore,they often do not foster local markets to achieve ambitious circular and environmental targets.Cost co
224、mpetitiveness:The lack of cost competitiveness of alternative materials,the need for additional tools to design and the lack of expanded knowledge on circular practices can increase the cost of circular projects.Circular economies include additional labour costs for deconstruction,sorting and reuse,
225、and there are typically additional storage costs when project timing is not aligned.To overcome these challenges,the following recommendations are provided to the manufacturing industry,designers and developers to offer guidance around common challenges faced when looking to develop a fully circular
226、 building:1.Setting aligned interim targets:The public sector can promote the development of circular buildings at scale by setting up targets and facilitating the collaboration of the value chain.Regional attempts,such as the Taxonomies,are sending signals on the quantitative goals and the timeline
227、s that public authorities should aim for.Local authorities may reference and adapt these to align with the local needs on climate mitigation,adaptation and sustainability goals.2.Financial support:Financial products for innovation and incentives can support the development of platforms,simulation to
228、ols,training programmes and more exemplary projects to boost circular buildings at scale.3.Sharing knowledge and data:Upskilled professionals,as well as creating a society that embraces circularity,are essential to avoid unnecessary new products and assets and minimise waste.Professionals can suppor
229、t data collection and report transparency.4.2Overcoming Challenges when Designing a Circular BuildingThere are unavoidable barriers to be faced in terms of designing and constructing a circular building or asset,with prominent examples including:You cant improve what you dont measure,the Petinelli h
230、eadquarters in Brazil leads by example:The Curitiba headquarters of Brazilian engineering and green building consultingfirmPetinelli,wasthefirstbuildingtocertifyusingLEEDZero,aprogramme which tracks net zero performance in the categories of waste,water,energy and carbon.In addition to achieving LEED
231、 Zero Waste,the building has also achieved ambitious net zero targets set for energy and water.JP Morgan Chase HQ-New York Citys first all-electric,circular and net-zero skyscraper Located at the heart of Manhattan,Foster+Partners conceptualised this buildingasthecitysfirstall-electrictower,withapro
232、grammethatprioritisesemployee wellness and sustainability.CASE STUDY:5352The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossa
233、ry4.3Call to Action This chapter has examined strategies for circular building design and construction,presenting the following calls to action for industry:CHALLENGE SHORT-TERM THINKING:All stakeholders including investors,clients,developers and design teams must take a longer-term view,considering
234、 the past,present and future use of a buildings products and components including how to procure,maintain and retain their value and usefulness over multiple lifetimes.DESIGN FOR REUSE OVER MULTIPLE LIFETIMES:Design must consciously facilitate the longer functional use and ease of maintenance of bui
235、lding products and parts to keep them at a high value over multiple lifetimes.Modularity is a key component of design in a circular built environment,as standardised building parts are easier to repair and maintain,disassemble and relocate or refurbish for reuse.DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY AND DECONSTRUC
236、TION:Designing for disassembly and deconstruction should create buildings that function as a material bank,eliminate waste,andareeasytomaintain,retrofit,andreuse.DESIGN OUT WASTE:Implementing circular economy principles and approaches is essential when designing out waste.By using resources efficien
237、tlyfromthedesignstage,theaimistoplantouseavailablematerialsasefficientlyaspossibleinordertominimise the amount used during an assets construction andoperation.Adoptingazero-to-landfillapproachisaspecific,measurableandachievabletarget.“Adopting circularity in the built environment is essential to ach
238、ieve a regenerative balance,by facilitating the decarbonisation of the industry,limiting finite raw materials extraction and waste production all while staying within planetary boundaries.”Chris Trott,Partner Head of Sustainability,Foster+Partners“A circular built environment can,not only drive envi
239、ronmental stewardship by reducing the negative impacts linked to overconsumption of building materials,but also it will foster social equity by upskilling local workforces and support sustainable growth and resilience of the sector.”Helene Carpentier,Global Head of Circular Economy&Zero Waste,CBRE55
240、54The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryA regenerative model emulates natural systems,prioritising both peopl
241、e and planet,and supports natural processes which allow nature to thrive.Species are dying out at a rate not seen since the last mass extinction 66 million years ago36,and our growing world population and resource-intensive economies are having a vastly negative impact on the planets biodiversity,la
242、nd use,and renewable freshwater resources37.Every year the planets safe environmental limits are exceeded.The Circular Gap Report 2023 provides a simple message,“Our current development is not safe.Not for the planet,nor for people”.Today,fiveoftheninekeyplanetaryboundariesthatmeasureenvironmental h
243、ealth across land,water and air have been broken.A circular economy could substantially address this by reducing global material extraction and use by one-third.Growing public awareness is putting pressure on businesses to help reverse the global biodiversity crisis.Many regions are addressing biodi
244、versity through local planning policies and requirements,such as biodiversity net gain and offsetting regulations,green roof bylaws and urban ecology targets56.At the UN Biodiversity Conference COP 15 2022,the participating nations adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework agreeing
245、to conserve and manage at least 30%of the worlds lands,inland waters,coastal areas and oceans,with emphasis on areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services38.05REGENERATE NATURE This chapter examines how the built environment can gain inspiration from natura
246、l systems to implement circular economy solutions at scale.THE PLANETARY BOUNDARIES:The planetary boundaries concept presents a set of nine planetary boundaries within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come.Crossing these boundaries increases the risk of generating
247、 large-scale abrupt or irreversible environmental changes39.Image Credit:Chris Lawton5756The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitInt
248、roduction GlossaryNothing is wasted in nature.The avoidance,orsignificantreduction,ofwaste in our cities is key to achieve the sustainable development that will guarantee a healthy future.Recentstudieshavequantifiedthevalue provided by nature in the built environment,using natural capital as a toolt
249、hatenablesustoplaceafinancialvalue on the invaluable natural services provided by our planet.Natural capital is valued at USD$145 trillion/year,twice as much as the global aggregate GDP40.In the real estate sector,there is an opportunity to enhance natural capital by supporting Nature-Based Solution
250、s(NBS).NBS are sustainable planning,design,environmental management and engineering practices that weave natural features or processes into the built environment to promote adaptation and resilience.A circular built environment aims to integrate nature-based solutions in order to close resource loop
251、s and reduce new resource consumption.Nature-Based Solutions can also lower energy demand for buildings,when passive design approaches minimise the requirements for heating,cooling and ventilation.At a neighbourhood scale,green corridors in urban areas could mitigate the urban heat island effect whi
252、le improving air quality.NBS should be integrated into climate resilience measures as well.Notably in coastallocations;byusingvegetationthe shoreline is stabilised,soil erosion is reduced and the risk of flooding is minimised whilst safeguarding ecosystem services and allowing nature to regenerate a
253、nd thrive.5.1The built environmenthas used nature as aninspiration for manyapplications.Cities and buildingscould extend theuse of nature-basedprinciples even further,by developingsolutions inspired bynatural cycles.Inspiration from Nature and Nature-Based SolutionsBy implementing nature-based solut
254、ions our cities can close material loops while restoring the relationship between cities and natural systems.5958The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction Materi
255、alsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryFive centuries ago,Leonardo da Vinci urged his students to“seek their lessons in nature”.Today,this approach is a structured methodology:biomimicry.It is both a school of thought and a scientificandtechnologicaldiscipline:it is based on the principle of usin
256、g nature as a model to meet sustainable development challenges,and a combination of biology and technology to solve human problems by transferring models from living organisms.Indeed,these models have been tested and validated by 3.8 billion years of evolution and selection.Biomimicry is not only ab
257、out learning from the results of evolution(such as form,function,or relationship),but also about learning from the process of evolution(such as collective intelligence),and the evolution success parameters(such as permanent reuse).It is a systemic approach that places us within our ecosystem.The bio
258、mimetic approach applies the principles of living things effectiveness to the design of products,buildings,services,or even organisations.For example:Nature uses only the quantity of matter necessary.For instance,the alveolar structures of bones allow them to be both solid and light,while drawing lo
259、cally from renewable andabundantresources;asbonesare renewed from the remnants of their old structure.Buildings can mimic these features and instead of extracting huge amounts of rare and/or non renewable materials at great distances from where they are required,analysing which structures aremoreeff
260、icientrequiresfewermaterials that can be locally sourced.Prioritising resilience rather than maximising performance.Living things use multifunctional solutions(the leaf of the tree is both a solar panel,an evaporator,and an insulating parasol),that are redundant(trees do not have asingle,super-effic
261、ientleaf),anddecentralised(a leaf does not need the tree to sign an order form for it to capture solar energy).If we design according to these principles,our buildings will have a longer lifespan and will even be able to have several successivelives(officestoday,homes tomorrow,shops the day after to
262、morrow)because they will be multi-purpose.Nature tends to use simple materials to promote decomposition at the end of life.Conversely,human kind produces objects composed of sophisticated and heterogeneous mixtures that aredifficulttoreuseandrecycle.Imaginethatthefibresandthematrix of our composites
263、 were made of one and the same material,but organised in different ways,so that at the end of their life,products would once again become raw material and reusable.In nature,resources are used and reused over and over.When winter comes,tree leaves-havingfulfilledtheirmultiplefunctions-do not just be
264、come waste but,on the contrary,a stock food for local animals whose excrement will feed the symbiont micro-organisms of the tree,while,after several lives,the constituents of the leaf will return to the tree,following complete cycles.We dream of a human production systems which is capable of doing t
265、he same:making things that can be disassembled,reused separately for new uses,and then recycled to provide a stock of raw materials.Examples of biomimicry innovations are already numerous,from velcro to aircraft winglets and glue for surgical use.The construction sector could well be where biomimicr
266、y will have the most impact tomorrow.Biomimicry-Bringing Natures Best Practices to the Built EnvironmentCASE STUDY:MODULATIO designs biomimicry solutions for industry.Within a structure,stress is not distributed evenly:some areas must withstand considerable loads,while others have moderate or little
267、 force exerted upon them.So,the question is:why use the same density of material everywhere?Inspired by this question,MODULATIO created a solution inspired by nature and replicable with different materials:The Alveolar and Lattice Structures with Variation of Effort and Density(SALVED).Apple Park-A
268、campus to promote creativity,innovation and wellbeing.The Apple Park,in Cupertino California,was conceived as a project fully connected with nature-its landscape and buildings are all encompassed by flowing parkland that enhances the buildings as places to socialise,exercise and work.The campus is p
269、owered by 100%renewable energy,and is the largestLEEDPlatinum-certifiedofficebuildinginNorth America.CASE STUDY:Image Credit:Carles Rabada6160The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBu
270、ilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary04Urbanisation isgrowing at anunprecedentedrate,which contributes significantly to theclimate crisis andbiodiversity loss.Citieshold many potential solutions to reversethese trends.Cities account for an estimated 80%of global GDP
271、 and consume almost half the resources extracted globally40.Sustainable cities must be regenerative,with the ability to regenerate the natural resources consumed.For example,food supplies could be supplemented through urban agriculture,energy through solar rooftops,geothermal and bio-waste,and water
272、 through storm water collection at the neighbourhood scale.This enhanced ecosystem service infrastructure within the urban area improvesthecitysself-sufficiencyaswell as its resilience.Instead of urban sprawl and expanding on virgin land,regenerative urban development should allow for denser cities
273、by redeveloping and regenerating the existing urban fabric,restoring the relationship between resource-dependent citiesand the natural systems.Urban regeneration projects should focus on making cities more people-centred,and increasingly functional for the community42.When our cities are planned wel
274、l and with ambitious policies,they can reduce humanitys environmental impacts as they meet humanneedsmoreefficientlyandfindsynergies between urban development and nature conservation.The Green Factor MethodMany cities in countries like the UK,Germany,Sweden,Finland and the US are using the Green Fac
275、tor Method to ensure that urban regeneration projects maximisethemultiplebenefitsof green and blue infrastructure in delivering resilient,healthy and environmentally friendly cities.The Green Factor Method is a tool used to mitigate the effects of constructionbyensuringsufficientquantity and quality
276、 of green and blue infrastructure.Making the case for clean construction:Mexico City.Implementing clean construction principles is part of the solution to create greener,more equitable and liveable cities.Since signing the C40 Clean Building Accelerator in 2020,Mexico City has integrated ambitious c
277、lean building strategies which inclusively address the impacts of our built environment on our carbon footprint,and climate and social resilience.Rigorous equity assessments,citizen engagement and data analysis has been conducted and in turn are creating enabling conditions for the city to scale up
278、its clean construction efforts.La Borda social housing complex in Barcelona.Co-operativeinvolvementwascrucialfordefiningtheprojectsenvironmentalstrategies;theparticipationof the building occupants in all phases,from the design to the construction and further operational management,was essential.La B
279、orda social housing complex in Barcelona was driven by its focus on community,proposing a new paradigm in social housing focussing on the basics of social,communal spaces.The building is the highest constructed building from cross-laminated timber(CLT)in Spain.CLT is well-known for its carbon seques
280、tration benefitsandtypicallyshorterconstructionperiodrequired.CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:5.2Regenerative Cities Image Credit:Alexis Tostado6362The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuildi
281、ng andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryKnowledge Gaps:There are knowledge gaps regarding the long-term effectiveness of nature-based and regenerative solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation.Current research is still inconclusive and incomplete on a series o
282、f aspects,including the effectiveness of nature-based solutions(for instance,as regardsto positive effects on human health and wellbeing or the comparative merits of various approaches in the long term)42.Implementation:An important element in an integrated approach to scaling up solutions are measu
283、res to ensure that other unwanted social and environmental consequences are avoided over the long-term.Standards should be considered when implementing solutions at scale,outlining the requirements that need to meet a certain level of quality and serve as a basis for assessing compliance or quality,
284、including respect for the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities,including to land and natural resources43.Financing and funding:Cities often lack funds,potentially as a result of the structure of municipal revenues and spending.A report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
285、Development(OECD)highlights the role private investments can play tofillfundinggapsprovidedcertainconditions are met44.5.3There are unavoidable barriers to be faced in terms of designing and constructing a circular asset for the regeneration of nature,prominent examples include:Regeneration of Natur
286、e-Understanding the Key Challenges5.4Call to ActionThis chapter examines how the built environment can support regeneration of natural systems through the implementationof circular economysolutions at scaleand in alignment withcalls to action for industry.Gain inspiration from nature:nothing is wast
287、ed in nature.By implementing nature-based solutions our cities can close material loops while restoring the relationship between cities and natural systems.Protect water resources:promotewaterefficiencyandqualityatallstagesofthebuilding lifecycle,and include water use within the reporting conducted
288、during a buildings construction and operation phases.Image Credit:Alex GalperinIt is vital that all stakeholders embrace a circular economy and whole life carbon principles to disrupt existing wasteful practices at all stages of a project the opportunities to innovate are endlessDavid Leversha,Leade
289、r of WSP Property&Buildings Global Net Zero Carbon network,WSP6564The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryThis
290、chapter presents a high-level summary of the value proposition for a circular built environment,alongside an analysis of the enabling strategies and actions required across the value chain to close material loops.06LEVERS FOR CHANGE Image Credit:Mark Stoop6766The Circular Built Environment PlaybookO
291、ur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction Glossary6.1In order to stimulate alarge-scale transition,stakeholders fromacross the entiresupply chain must becircular
292、 ready to playtheir part in a widersystemic change.This will require a compelling value proposition forall built environmentactors,in bothpublic and privatesectors.A key part of the business case for circular economy-as well as being an enabler of a closed-loop future-is the use of innovative busine
293、ss models,such as Product as a Service.Product as a Service(PAAS):Service-based business models can increase the utilisation ofunderused products,components and buildings81.Rather than procuring a product,businessesandgovernmentscanalsoprocuretheuseofaproduct.This can incentivise the supplier to len
294、gthen the lifespan of a product and reuse it multiple times.The value proposition for a circular built environmentBenefitstogovernment,businessandcitizensfromtransitioningtoacirculareconomyGOVERNMENTBUSINESSCITIZENSReduced waste from construction and demolition worksAssigning value to existing proce
295、ssedmaterials,creating a new market for otherwise disposable products andnew jobs in the sectorEnable future tenants to adapt the space to their anticipated needsSocial value creation through development of take-back infrastructure,material storage and employment opportunitiesBenefitsofmodulardesign
296、asanimprovementtotheefficiencyoftheconstruction process(less waste,faster=cheaper)Reduced costs over the whole lifeReduced embodied carbon emissions from the building and construction sectorRecovery of an assets value at end of service life,enabling future reuse of building components and lower extr
297、action costsContributes to improved health and wellbeing for building users through material ingredient transparency and optimisationCompliance with environmental and social legislationRemoval of hazardous substances in products contributes to improved health and wellbeing in the material production
298、 industry and to the future reusability potential of materialsBenefitsfromgreenandblueinfrastructure,reduced air pollution,reduced hazardous materials in buildingsBuild a sustainable supply chain for the futureRecognition through sustainability benchmarking schemesReduced material extraction and mor
299、e efficientuseofnaturalresourcesbythebuilding and construction sectorControl of costs by adopting a wider approach to whole life costingSustainable procurement intiativesEffective management of risk and reputationESG reporting opportunityFor more information on the business case for circular economy
300、 in the built environment,please see The business case for circular buildings:Exploring the economic,environmental and social value report(WBCSD,2021).CASE STUDY:Building the business caseLighting as a ServiceLighting as a Service(LaaS)is a business model in which lighting is treated as a service an
301、d a contract is set based on a subscription.The model enables customers to reduce installation and maintenance cost while significantlyreducingCO2 emissions.To support these goals,Signify,a world leader in lighting,created“ALight”-aprojectdesignedspecificallytohelpreducethebuildingcarbonfootprintoft
302、he company Air Liquid,while achieving economical savings,and improving the workspace environment with high quality lighting.Image Credit:Sebastiano Piazzi6968The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Ci
303、rcular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryConsumers have the power to make choices that embody core circularity principles,such as purchasing reused or recycled products,or selecting non-toxic products that can be kept in a closed-loop system.However,in o
304、rder to stimulate a large-scale transition,a compelling value proposition must be created for simultaneous and ambitious action from governments,businesses and citizens.The private sector can implement and execute sustainability actions that go beyond local and national policy requirements,making fa
305、st,independent decisions for their own value chains.This makes them innovation drivers,and one of the reasons why businesses around the world have been early adopters of the circular economy model82.The public sector can create an enabling environment for a circular economy by catalysing action alon
306、g the supply chain,expanding the economy on both the supply and demand side.All governments can encourage circular economy innovations in products and services by providing regulatory andfinancialsupportespeciallyforresearch,business innovation,as well as early-stage and high-risk projects thatneeda
307、dditionalfinancialsupport83.Procurement provides a unique and large-scale opportunity for governments to mainstream circular economy principles.Circular ProcurementThe public sector can create a thriving environment for a circular economy.This can also generate local employment,by establishing procu
308、rement policies and practices that call primarily for the use of circular products.City governments have large purchasing power which gives them the ability to create demand and shift the market to new ways of providing products and services.In Europe,public procurement makes up 14%of GDP(EUR 2 tril
309、lion annually),whilst in developing countries it is around 30%44.Localising the supply chain and procuring materials and products locally represents a tremendous opportunity to help the environment and local economy,particularly in less-developed countries.The development of a circular economy could
310、 provide employment to traditionally underserved branches of society,entering labour markets and facing unemployment.6.2Enabling Value Chain Action for a Circular Future Everyone can catalyse action towards a circular economy.A Citys Leadership to unlock full circularity potential San Francisco.With
311、 the goal to be a net zero carbon city by 2040 without the purchase of offsets,the City of San Francisco has seen in circularity an opportunity to optimise resources and tackle climate change.The vision was key:while the private sector is a key innovator and developer,the public sector needs to be a
312、 facilitator to overcome obstacles.San Francisco co-led the development of the advancing toward zero waste declaration in 2018,whichaimstoreducedisposaltolandfillorincineration by 50%by 2030,using a 2015 baseline and reduce the generation of materials by 15%.After prevention,the City believes that m
313、aterial reuse and markets are critical for circularity.Therefore,the goal is to ensure that there is infrastructure in place to support any requirements.The approach is to bolster three distinct areas:1.The network of suppliers and receivers2.A virtual inventory and asset management platform3.Physic
314、al storage space.CASE STUDY:CASE STUDY:Arden Precinct circular economy embedded into masterplanning and building design.Through the adoption of circular economy principles,a pioneering precinct-wide waste management plan has been developed for the Arden Precinct in the north of Melbourne,Australia.T
315、his 44.6-hectare development will accommodate 34,000 jobs and 15,000 residents.It aspires to set the standard for best practice in sustainable urban renewal,aiming to become Melbournesfirstcircularandtowardzerowasteprecinct,in line with net-zero carbon emissions targets by 2040.Image Credit:Ragnor V
316、orel7170The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction GlossaryPrivate Sector Leadership towards a Circular EconomyThe private
317、 sector has been the source of much of the progress made to date in implementing circular economy models45.Measurable circularity strategies can demonstrate thesocio-economicbenefitsassociatedwithresourceefficiencyandwasteincluding;materialcostsavings,reduced price volatility,improved security of su
318、pply,employment creation,as well as the reduced environmental impacts.This data can create a compelling business case,and trigger mass-market interest through knowledge-sharing and reporting.Businesses can also use ESG to normalise and enhance ambition around the circular economy.The Role of ESG Fra
319、meworks in the Circular EconomyEnvironmental,social and corporate governance(ESG)are becomingapriorityformainstreamfinance,asinvestorsstarttounderstandthetruevalueofsustainablesolutions.ESG investment has increased significantly to over USD 40 trillion in 2020,up from USD 23 trillion in 201646.Renew
320、able energy,waste generation and resource,energy and water consumption are all factored into ESG ratings.A growingnumberoffinancialinstitutionsandinvestorshaveidentifiedthecirculareconomyasapositiveframeworktoaddress global issues.Using innovative data-driven,digital tools ESG reporting has the pote
321、ntial to strongly support the faster adoption of circular economy practices across different sectors.Businesses are encouraged to use ESG to normalise and enhance the circular economy by:Reporting on whole life carbon emissions,circularity strategies implemented,and new business models utilised Driv
322、ing innovation in industry by targeting ambitious net zero strategies and certifications for ecology,emissions,water,and waste Improving the ESG report process by collaborating and sharing lessons learned within industry.Sustainable finance catalysing ESG disclosure The investment landscape is chang
323、ing sustainable financeisnolongeratrendbutagroundswell.Theflow of capital towards ESG oriented funds has experiencedasteepexponentialincrease;inthethird quarter of 2021 global sustainable funds hit a record high of$3.9 trillion,more than doubling in less than 12 months45.This trend reflects growing
324、interestfromprivatefirmsinsustainableandenergytransition projects.One of the main reasons is that companies that can demonstrate sustainable supply chains and good human rights records are less vulnerable to environmental shocks or reputational damage.Additionally,climate change and other societalch
325、allengesalsoposesignificantinvestmentrisksthatareincreasinglyrecognisedbythefinancialsector,and transformative action can be taken to future-proof assets and reduce portfolio risk from both regulatory and physical climate damage drivers.Implementation of new business models:a number of innovative bu
326、siness models have the potential to create value from implementing circular principles.Examples include product as a service,virtualisation,remanufacturing and material marketplace schemes.Improve data availability and reporting:participation in circular value chains should be incentivised and taken
327、 into account through Environmental,Social and Governance(ESG)reporting and assessment of Scope 3 emissions-specificchallenges.Evolve certification and labelling schemes:certificationandlabellingschemes should provide the appropriate guidance and indicators to align with circularity principles,for e
328、xample,thecertificationofreusedproducts.Upskill and educate:globally addressing existing gaps in education and skills development will be crucial as the circular economy is a concept that requires all stakeholders to think and act differently.Collaborate and build partnerships:whole value chain coll
329、aboration is an essential lever for catalysing the circular economy,which must be undertaken in a spirit of knowledge sharing,transparency and commitment to progress.6.3Call to Action This chapter examines enabling strategies and actions that must be pursued in order to scale up circular economy sol
330、utions,in alignment with calls to action for industry.Circularity in the construction sector requires collaboration.We see the Extended Producer Responsibility scheme in France to be really important to the collection and sorting of construction waste and to finding new secondary uses for these mate
331、rials at the highest value.Jonna Byskata-Head of EU Public Affairs,Kingspan7372The Circular Built Environment PlaybookOur Call to ActionRegenerate NatureLevers forChangeThe Circular-Ready Checklist AboutPrinciples of a Circular EconomyBuilding andConstruction MaterialsDesign andRetrofitIntroduction
332、GlossaryIn this report,WorldGBC hasexamined the circular economy within the built environment,recognising its essential role in tackling the global environmental crises and providing an unparalleled opportunity to regenerate resources and accelerate socio-economic development.A circular economy can
333、enable humanity to thrive in partnership with the Earth,within planetary boundaries.The only way to produce a circular closed-loop system is through transformative action from every actor across the supply chain.All stakeholders must take action and help transition the sector toward circularity becoming business-as-usual.Every actor in the supply chain must prioritise and implement circularity pri